skin cancer medicine and surgery

BACKGROUND: In the post-American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial era, clinicians are attempting to preoperatively evaluate axillary lymph node (ALN) status using ultrasound. However, the value of preoperative ultrasound examination remains uncertain. The study aimed to investigate the ultrasonic features of automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) and handheld ultrasound (HHUS), in combination with molecular biomarkers, to predict the risk of ALN metastasis (ALNM) in clinical T1-T2 breast cancer...

Obesity and obesity-related conditions today constitute a public health problem worldwide. Obesity is an "epidemic" chronic disorder, which is defined by the WHO as normal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. It is also defined for adults as a BMI that is greater than or equal to 30. The most common obesity-related diseases are type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and certain types of cancer...

WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: In this article, we summarize results from the ongoing phase 3 CheckMate 76K clinical study published online in Nature Medicine in October 2023. The study goal was to learn whether nivolumab works as an adjuvant therapy (that is, helps to keep cancer from coming back when it is given after surgery) for stage 2 melanoma (skin cancer) that has not spread to other parts of the body. Nivolumab is an immunotherapy that activates a person's immune system so it can destroy cancer cells...

BACKGROUND: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy affecting Caucasian populations and has been seeing steady increases in incidence globally for decades. Our previous study (from Alberta, Canada) had shown a plateau in the incidence rates for NMSC. This contrasts with data from other regions within Canada and throughout the world that indicated a continued increase in incidence rates of NMSCs. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to provide an update on the trends in incidence of NMSC in Alberta, Canada, from 2007 to 2018...

Reconstruction of a full-thickness defect of the auricle's anterior surface represents a challenge for plastic surgeons. This report describes the case of a man in his 70s, who underwent radical excision of a squamous cell carcinoma involving his right antihelix. We adopted an innovative approach for the reconstruction of the antihelix, using a tunnelled preauricular flap reinforced with an ipsilateral concha cartilage graft. The flap's base was de-epithelialised, allowing a single-stage procedure. Three months postoperation, no complications arose, and the scars at the donor site were effectively concealed...

BACKGROUND: Although melanoma survival rates have improved in recent years, survivors remain at risk of recurrence, second primary cancers, and keratinocyte carcinomas. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends skin examinations by a physician every 3 to 12 months. Regular thorough skin self-examinations (SSEs) are recommended for survivors of melanoma to promote the detection of earlier-stage, thinner melanomas, which are associated with improved survival and lower treatment costs...

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermatological condition characterised by the symmetrical development of velvety, hyperpigmented plaques predominantly in intertriginous areas such as the axillae, neck, inframammary regions, and groin. The malignant variant of AN is frequently associated with internal malignancies, particularly gastric adenocarcinoma, accounting for 55-61% of cases. Patients exhibiting characteristic skin lesions are commonly initially evaluated in dermatology departments. This case report details a rare instance of a patient diagnosed with malignant acanthosis nigricans, presenting with only a mild form of florid oral papillomatosis concomitant with ovarian carcinoma...

A hallmark of plastic and reconstructive surgery is restoring form and function. Historically, tissue procured from healthy portions of a patient's body has been used to fill defects, but this is limited by tissue availability. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are stem cells derived from the de-differentiation of mature somatic cells. hiPSCs are of particular interest in plastic surgery as they have the capacity to be re-differentiated into more mature cells, and cultured to grow tissues. This review aims to evaluate the applications of hiPSCs in the plastic surgery context, with a focus on recent advances and limitations...

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) in skin cancer is a promising research field to assist physicians and to provide support to patients remotely. Physicians' awareness to new developments in AI research is important to define the best practices and scope of integrating AI-enabled technologies within a clinical setting. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the characteristics and trends of AI skin cancer publications from dermatology journals. METHODS: AI skin cancer publications were retrieved in June 2022 from the Web of Science...

BACKGROUND: Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors. It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). CASE SUMMARY: This case involved a 92-year-old woman, a farmer by profession, presented with an exophytic and verrucous mass on her left palm that had formed 2 years prior and caused chronic pain and frequent bleeding...

Breast cancer shows high mortality, especially in women worldwide. This report discusses a case of female patient with a history of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) Rt Breast, ER, PR negative, Grade 3 (Gr3) Stage 3 (St3) seen in our OPD treated with supporting herbo-mineral-metallic combination of Ayurveda medicines. Generally, breast cancers of such subtype and that too in Lower Outer Quadrant (LOQ) are always of a concern and can be more troublesome to the patient. When the patient came for the first time, her chief complaint was palpable lump in her right breast for previous three months...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mastectomy is a primary treatment for breast cancer patients, and both autologous and implant-based reconstructive techniques have shown excellent results. In recent years, advancements in bioengineering have led to a proliferation of innovative approaches to breast reconstruction. This article comprehensively explores the promising perspectives offered by bioengineering and tissue engineering in the field of breast reconstruction. METHODS: A literature review was conducted between April and June 2023 on PubMed and Google Scholar Databases...

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of human cancer, and treatment usually involves surgery, with alternative strategies being need. We propose the use of carbopol hydrogels (HG) for topical administration of nanographene oxide (GOn) and partially-reduced nanographene oxide (p-rGOn) for photothermal therapy (PTT) of BCC. GOn and p-rGOn into the HG present lateral sizes ~200 nm, being stable for 8 months. After 20 min irradiation with an infrared (IR) photothermal therapy lamp source (15...

Background and Objectives : Significant progress has been made in skin cancer diagnosis, with a surge in available technologies in recent years. Despite this, the practical application and integration of these technologies in dermatology and plastic surgery remain uneven. Materials and Methods : A comprehensive 20-question survey was designed and distributed using online survey administration software (Google Forms, 2018, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA) from June 2023 to September 2023. The survey aimed to assess the knowledge and utilization of dermatologic diagnostic advancements among plastic surgeons in various European countries...

Introduction : Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) represents around 80% of all malignant skin cancers worldwide, constituting a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Due to excellent clearance rates (around 95%), surgery is the current gold-standard treatment. However, surgery is not always possible or preferred by patients. Numerous non-surgical therapies, sometimes combined, have been associated with promising tumor free survival rates (80-90%) in non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Most research has enrolled superficial basal cell carcinomas (sBCCs), with limited recent studies also involving low-risk nodular BCCs (nBCCs)...

Topical photodynamic therapy is a widely approved therapy for actinic keratoses and low-risk nonmelanoma skin cancers with a rapidly growing range of emerging indications for other cutaneous diseases. This review summarizes the best-available evidence to provide a clinical update for dermatologists on the approved and emerging indications of photodynamic therapy. The body of evidence suggests that photodynamic therapy is superior or noninferior to other available treatment modalities for actinic keratoses, low-risk basal cell carcinomas, Bowen's disease, skin field cancerization, chemoprevention of keratinocyte carcinomas in organ transplant recipients, photoaging, acne vulgaris, and cutaneous infections including verrucae, onychomycosis, and cutaneous leishmaniasis...

Cutaneous amebiasis is a rare clinical entity caused by the invasive protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica that can be readily diagnosed with skin biopsy if suspected. It presents as a rapidly progressive and destructive ulceration with necrosis. A man in his 40s with metastatic rectal cancer who underwent palliative abdominal perineal resection with end colostomy in his left lower quadrant and on systemic chemotherapy developed progressive breakdown of his peristomal skin unresponsive to antibiotics that was then diagnosed to be cutaneous amebiasis...

According to scientific databases, nitrosogenesis and carcinogenesis have been inextricably linked for decades and are undoubtedly one of the most serious causes of cancer induction (not only skin cancer) known to humankind.Some of the most potent modifiers of human DNA turn out to be numerous, known since the last century, difficult to classify as carcinogenic potency, yet available for decades as additional, unregulated, often undisclosed ingredients in about (currently) 300 drugs used by at least 5 billion patients worldwide...

Breast necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are rare surgical emergencies with limited cases described in the literature. Here, we discuss a unique case of a woman in her 70s who presented with newly diagnosed diabetes and a neglected right breast cancer associated with breast erythema, skin necrosis, crepitus on examination and breast soft tissue gas seen on CT requiring emergent total mastectomy with partial pectoralis muscle excision. Pathology revealed a 15 cm invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma and necrotising polymicrobial cellulitis with a large abscess cavity...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used for breast tumor detection, significant challenges remain in determining and presenting the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of tumors to guide breast-conserving surgery. To address this challenge, we have developed the augmented reality-breast surgery guide (AR-BSG) and compared its performance with that of a traditional 3D-printed breast surgical guide (3DP-BSG). METHODS: Based on the MRI results of a breast cancer patient, a breast phantom made of skin, body, and tumor was fabricated through 3D printing and silicone-casting...