guillian

We present a case of an 86-year-old woman who presented with a progressive quadriparesis two days after her second dose of Moderna SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evidence of cytoalbuminocytological dissociation and electromyogram/nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS) findings suggestive of acute axonal motor neuropathy. Her clinical symptoms did not improve with plasmapheresis. There appears to be a potential temporal association between the inoculation of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the development of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)...

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has an annual incidence rate ranging from 0.4 to 1.7 cases per 1,00,000 population. Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial (PCB) variant is an extremely rare variant of GBS (3%), which presents with muscle weakness initially involving the neck, oropharynx, and upper extremities. GBS often has an infectious inciting event leading to an autoimmune response. There has been an increase in the incidence of GBS during the COVID-19 pandemic, and several case studies have shown an association between the development of GBS and COVID-19 infection...

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration is a rare condition caused by a lesion in the Guillain-Mollaret triangle which leads to trans-synaptic degeneration resulting in the degenerative hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus. This condition presents clinically with palatal tremor but can also produce ocular myoclonus or cerebellar signs. While any lesion that occurs within the Guillian-Mollaret triangle and results in the deafferentation of the inferior olive can lead to hypertrophic olivary degeneration, the most common etiologies include ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, vascular malformation, neoplasm, and iatrogenic injury related to surgery...

Vaccination may on rare occasions trigger Guillian Barré syndrome, and the syndrome has previously been associated with vaccines against H1N1 swine flu. We present a case report of a 73-year-old man who received SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273-vaccine (Spikevax, Moderna Inc., MA, USA) and subsequently experienced diarrhoea, sensory ataxia, gait disorder, back pain, bilateral facial palsy, and dysarthria. A nerve conduction study was compatible with demyelinating polyneuropathy, and he was diagnosed with Guillian Barré syndrome...

BACKGROUND: Guillian--Barre' Syndrome (GBS) has been shown to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of our study was to study the clinical profile and outcomes of GBS in COVID-19 from the Western region of India, the State of Maharashtra. METHODS: This was a retrospective, multicenter observation study from different hospitals in Maharashtra beginning from March 2020 until November 2020. RESULTS: We report 42 patients with COVID-19 GBS...

The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is accompanied with a rapid increase of reports and papers detailing its neurological effects and symptoms. The virus infection causes respiratory illness named by the world health organization as corona virus 19 (COVID-19).This systematic review aims to study and summarize the different neurological manifestations of this virus. All articles published and indexed via Pubmed, Medline and Google Scholar databases between January 1st 2020 and February 28th 2021 that reported neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 are reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines...

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and nerve conduction studies (NCS) parameters predictive of outcome in children with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). METHODS: In this prospective observational study, NCS was done on all children at admission and repeated before discharge. Functional status of patients was graded as per Hughes Disability score. These children were followed up till they achieved independent walking...

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has been linked to congenital abnormalities such as microcephaly in infants. An efficacious vaccine is still desirable for preventing the potential recurrence of ZIKV epidemic. Here, we report the generation of an attenuated ZIKV (rGZ02a) that has sharply decreased virulence in mice but grows to high titers in Vero cells, a widely approved cell line for manufacturing human vaccines. Compared to the wild-type ZIKV (GZ02) and a plasmid-launched rGZ02p, rGZ02a has 3 unique amino acid alterations in the envelope (E, S304F), non-structural protein 1 (NS1, R103K), and NS5 (W637R)...

INTRODUCTION: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a common cause of flaccid paralysis. Up to a third of cases result in respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. AIM: We aim to study the possible predictors of respiratory compromise requiring mechanical ventilation in cases of GBS as well as their clinical outcome in the UAE population. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective observational study was conducted between the periods of January 2009 till January 2019 in a tertiary center in Dubai...

Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted primarily by infected mosquitos, can cause neurological symptoms such as Guillian-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. We developed several vaccinia virus (VACV) vaccine candidates for ZIKV based on replication-inducible VACVs (vINDs) expressing ZIKV pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins (vIND-ZIKVs). These vIND-ZIKVs contain elements of the tetracycline operon and replicate only in the presence of tetracyclines. The pool of vaccine candidates was narrowed to one vIND-ZIKV containing a novel mutation in the signal peptide of prM that led to higher expression and secretion of E and production of virus-like particles, which was then tested for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in mice...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread to other countries. The most common reported symptoms are fever, dry cough, myalgia and fatigue, headache, anorexia, and breathlessness. Anosmia and dysgeusia as well as gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea and diarrhea are other notable symptoms. This virus also can exhibit neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases, including epileptic seizures, cerebrovascular accident, Guillian barre syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, and acute encephalitis...

Myelination and node of Ranvier formation play an important role in rapid conduction of nerve impulses, referred to as saltatory conduction, along axons in the peripheral nervous system. Here we report a human-human myelination model using human primary Schwann cells (SC) and human iPSC-derived motoneurons (iPSC-MNs) utilizing a serum-free medium supplemented with ascorbate to induce axonal myelination where 41.6% of SCs expressed the master transcription factor for myelination, early growth response protein 2 (Egr2)...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), reflecting a wide range of congenital abnormalities in fetuses and infants infected with ZIKV before birth. ZIKV infections have also been associated with the neurological autoimmune disorder known as Guillian-Barré syndrome (GBS). To date, no vaccines or antiviral strategies are licensed for ZIKV. We used rational design to develop a novel ZIKV vaccine candidate using a Woodchuck Hepatitis core Antigen (WHcAg) Virus-Like Particle (VLP) scaffold for displaying selected antigens from the ZIKV Envelope (E) protein...

The Coronavirus disease due to SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread to more than 200 countries as a global health pandemic. There are more than 3.5 million confirmed cases and around 165,000 to 243,000 fatalities. The primary manifestation is respiratory and cardiac but neurological features are also being reported in the literature as case reports and case series. The most common reported symptoms to include headache and dizziness followed by encephalopathy and delirium...

RATIONALE: Guillian-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a devastating autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive ascending weakness, areflexia with or without autonomic and sensory disturbances. Hydrocephalus is a rare but well-documented complication in patients with GBS. However, due to the rarity of this condition, no treatment guideline for GBS with hydrocephalus is currently available. PATIENT CONCERNS: We describe a 23-year old woman with a history of bilateral limbs pain followed by dysarthria, dysphagia, severe quadriplegia 0/5, areflexia, loss of consciousness and dysautonomia...

Guillian-Barre Syndrome (GBS) typically presents as symmetrical ascending flaccid muscle weakness with areflexia, and with or without sensory symptoms. However, some patients may present atypically, and accordingly, different variants of GBS have been reported in the literature. Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant is one of the rare variants and is characterized by muscle weakness extending from the oropharyngeal and neck area to the proximal upper extremities. Many physicians and neurologists are unfamiliar about pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant, which is often misdiagnosed as brainstem stroke, myasthenia gravis or botulism...

A 41-year-old woman presented with paresthesia and inability to walk for 7 days. She had history of fatigue, polyarthralgia and difficulty in swallowing food for the last 1 year. She became edentulous over the last 5 years and wore dentures for the same. She appeared pale, emaciated and had oral thrush. She had areflexic quadriparesis with weakness more in lower limbs compared with upper limbs. With the initial diagnosis of Guillian-Barre syndrome, she was given five cycles of plasmapheresis following which there was a significant improvement in power...

INTRODUCTION: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes severe immunodeficiency that is lethal in infancy. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can improve the metabolic, immune and non-immune abnormalities in patients prior to transplantation, however, its benefits over extended periods are not well characterized. We describe a 28-year-old female who received ERT for 27 years. She suffered from EBV negative B cell lymphoma of the hip at 14 years of age and Guillian-Barre Syndrome 2 years later...

INTRODUCTION: Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) are characterised by progressive muscular impairment. The muscle weakness is directly related to respiratory muscles weakness, causing reduction in vital capacity, especially when associated with mechanical ventilation (MV). Conventional MV weaning in NMD is generally difficult. Weaning process can be conducted in protocols such as: 'T' piece or Pressure Support Ventilaton. Weaning failure is frequent because of muscle weakness. Protocol aim is to assess the effects of different weaning protocols in NMD patients receiving invasive MV in weaning success rate, duration of weaning, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay and ICU mortality...

Chikungunya is an arboviral infection caused by Chikungunya virus, an RNA virus from Togaviridae family.1 The disease manifests as fever, rash and characteristically, with arthralgia.1 Chikungunya is strongly believed to have neurotropism but has not been well studied like other neurotropic arboviruses.2 Encephalitis appears to represent the most common clinical manifestation6 and occurs either simultaneously or within few days of onset of systemic symptoms, during the period of viremia. A delay of more than two weeks has been reported with other complications like myelitis, Guillian Barre syndrome and optic neuritis...