Retroactive research

Introduction With crowd-sourced knowledge, patients arrive at their healthcare visits ready to play an active role. This exploratory study seeks to understand common concerns among patients and loved ones on Reddit, an anonymous internet forum. Ultimately, recognizing common concerns can aid providers in directing their conversations with patients. Methods Reddit posts in the "hot" tab of each subreddit were retroactively screened from September 1, 2022. Posts written within a five-year period were included...

BACKGROUND: Children exposed prenatally to alcohol or cannabinoids individually can exhibit growth deficits and increased risk for adverse birth outcomes. However, these drugs are often co-consumed and their combined effects on early brain development are virtually unknown. The blood vessels of the fetal brain emerge and mature during the neurogenic period to support nutritional needs of the rapidly growing brain, and teratogenic exposure during this gestational window may therefore impair fetal cerebrovascular development...

Maladaptive emotional memories are a transdiagnostic feature of mental health problems. Therefore, understanding whether and how emotional memories can change might help to prevent and treat mental disorders. We tested whether neutral memories of naturalistic events can retroactively acquire positive or negative affect, in a preregistered three-day Modification of Valence in Episodes (MOVIE) paradigm. On Day 1, participants (N = 41) encoded memories of neutral movie scenes, representing lifelike naturalistic experiences...

Learning to stop responding is a fundamental process in instrumental learning. Animals may learn to stop responding under a variety of conditions that include punishment-where the response earns an aversive stimulus in addition to a reinforcer-and extinction-where a reinforced response now earns nothing at all. Recent research suggests that punishment and extinction may be related manifestations of a common retroactive interference process. In both paradigms, animals learn to stop performing a specific response in a specific context, suggesting direct inhibition of the response by the context...

Investigating frontal EEG asymmetry as a possible biomarker of cognitive control abilities is especially important in ecological contexts such as school and work. We used a novel approach combining judgment performance and hemispheric frontal event-related potential (ERP) P300 asymmetry (fP3As) to evaluate aspects of cognitive control (i.e., repetition and switching) in adolescent females over a two-week ordinary school period. While undergoing electroencephalographic recording, students performed a word-colour "Stroop-like" congruence judgment task during morning and afternoon sessions, on Mondays and Wednesdays...

BACKGROUND: Patients with COPD and other lung diseases are treated with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Portable oxygen sources are required to administer LTOT while maintaining patient autonomy. Existing portable oxygen equipment has limitations that can hinder patient mobility. A novel nasal interface is presented in this study, aiming to enhance breath detection and triggering efficiency of portable pulsed-flow oxygen devices, thereby improving patient mobility and independence. METHOD: To examine the effectiveness of the new interface, 8 respiratory therapists participated in trials using different oxygen sources (tank with oxygen-conserving device, SimplyGo Mini portable oxygen concentrator [POC], and OxyGo NEXT POC) and breathing types (nasal and oral) while using either the new nasal interface or a standard cannula...

BACKGROUND: Prospective registration of clinical trials is mandated by various regulations. However, clinical trial registries like ClinicalTrials.gov allow registry entries to be updated at any time, and key study elements, including the start date, may change before the first patient is enrolled. If a trial changes its start date after recruiting began, however, it may indicate a reason for concern. This study aimed to measure the rate of "retroactively prospective" trials. This refers to trials that are originally registered retrospectively, with the start date before the registration date, but that retroactively change their start date to be after the registration date, making them appear as if they were prospectively registered...

OBJECTIVE: Over 25% of the 27 million uninsured individuals in the United States are eligible for Medicaid. Many hospitals have insurance linkage programs that assist eligible patients with enrollment, but little is known about the impact of these programs on care utilization. This research assessed health care utilization and health outcomes among patients enrolled in Medicaid via a hospital-based insurance linkage program. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included adults aged 18-64 admitted to the hospital from 2016 to 2021...

BACKGROUND: Most research on the impact of medication reconciliation on patient safety focused on the retroactive model, with limited attention given to the proactive model. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare the proactive and retroactive models in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. METHODS: This prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted over six months, from June to November 2022, at the cardiology unit of an academic hospital in Iran...

The dataset contains information obtained during the analysis and evaluation of the contents of 100 Terms of Service (ToS) of online platforms from the point of view of the European Union consumer law. Each ToS has been assigned information regarding the presence and quality of remedy clauses, dispute resolution clauses, unilateral alteration clauses, rights to police the behavior of users, and regulatory requirements. In addition, descriptions of service features and parties' rights and duties have been pulled out...

Labels do not disclose the excess-free-fructose/unpaired-fructose content in foods/beverages. Objective was to estimate excess-free-fructose intake using USDA loss-adjusted-food-availability (LAFA) data (1970-2019) for high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and apple juice, major sources of excess-free-fructose, for comparison with malabsorption dosages (~ 5 g-children/ ~ 10 g-adults). Unlike sucrose and equimolar fructose/glucose, unpaired-fructose triggers fructose malabsorption and its health consequences...

Despite considerable health consequences from preterm births, their incidence remains unchanged over recent decades, due partially to limited screening methods and limited use of extant methods. Wearable technology offers a novel, noninvasive, and acceptable way to track vital signs, such as maternal heart rate variability (mHRV). Previous research observed that mHRV declines throughout the first 33 weeks of gestation in term, singleton pregnancies, after which it improves. The aim of this study was to explore whether mHRV inflection is a feature of gestational age or an indication of time to delivery...

While pesticide vapor and particles from agricultural spray drift have been reported to pose a risk to public health, limited baseline ambient measurements exist to warrant an accurate assessment of their impacts at community-to-county-wide scale. Here, we present an initial modeling investigation of the transport and deposition of applied pesticides in an agricultural county in Arizona (Yuma County), to provide initial estimates on the corresponding enhancements in ambient levels of these spray drifts downwind of application sites...

BACKGROUND: Previous pharmacovigilance studies and a retroactive review of cancer clinical trial studies identified that women were more likely to experience drug adverse events (i.e., any unintended effects of medication), and men were more likely to experience adverse events that resulted in hospitalization or death. These sex-biased adverse events (SBAEs) are due to many factors not entirely understood, including differences in body mass, hormones, pharmacokinetics, and liver drug metabolism enzymes and transporters...

UNLABELLED: Cometrics is a Microsoft Windows compatible clinical tool for the collection and recording of frequency- and duration-based target behaviors, physiological signals, and video data. This software package is designed to record in-vivo observational and physiological data. In addition, we have included features that allow observers to capture video from real-time camera feeds and import saved video for retroactive data collection. By using Microsoft Excel-based spreadsheets, also called keystroke files, assessment and treatment sessions are exported into a single document using the click of a button...

Background The WATCHMAN™ device is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved device that reduces the risk of stroke from atrial fibrillation (AF) in those who have a contraindication to taking oral anticoagulation. A key aspect of this device implantation is the choice of medical therapy in the months after device implantation with Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (OAC) being the mainstay of therapy but dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) poses as a potential alternative to patients who have a contraindication to OAC use...

Congenital myopathies are defined by early clinical onset, slow progression, hereditary nature and disease-specific myopathological lesions - however, with exceptions - demanding special techniques in regard to morphological diagnostic and research work-up. To identify an index disease in a family requires a muscle biopsy - and no congenital myopathy has ever been first described at autopsy. The nosographic history commenced when - in addition to special histopathological techniques in the earliest classical triad of central core disease, 1956, nemaline myopathy, 1963, and centronuclear myopathy, 1966/67, within a decade - electron microscopy and enzyme histochemistry were applied to unfixed frozen muscle tissue and, thus, revolutionized diagnostic and research myopathology...

BACKGROUND: In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, necessitating an understanding of factors influencing severe disease outcomes. High hospitalization rates for COVID-19 underscore the need for robust risk prediction tools to determine estimated risk for future hospitalization for outpatients with COVID-19. We introduced the "COVID-19 Risk Tier Assessment Tool" (CRTAT), designed to enhance clinical decision-making for outpatients. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess whether CRTAT offers more accurate risk tier assignments compared to medical provider insights alone...

AIM: This study aimed to use the micro-computed tomography to evaluate the interfacial adaptation and the presence of gaps of NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS, and MTA in the root-end cavities. METHODOLOGY: Thirty standardized bovine roots measuring 15 mm in length were selected. Chemical-mechanical preparation was performed up to instrument #80 and obturation with the cold lateral compaction technique with cement based on zinc oxide and eugenol. The roots were kept at 37°C for 7 days...

INTRODUCTION: A crowdsourcing resource used by patients with spinal disease has yet to be thoroughly investigated: the Internet. One such platform is Reddit, a virtual, anonymous meeting place. Analyzing how patients utilize spinal condition "subreddits" may enable a greater understanding of the questions patients do not ask their doctors. METHODS: Up to 50 posts in each subreddit's "hot" tab were retroactively screened from June 1, 2022. Posts are written by those who had the condition or those interested in knowing more were included...