E-cig

PURPOSE: To explore the cytotoxic effect of a menthol-favored E-liquid on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), as well as the underlying mechanism of electronic cigarette (E-cig)-induced cell apoptosis. METHODS: PDLSCs were isolated and cultured from periodontal ligament tissues of healthy premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. Cells in passage 3 were used to detect the surface markers of stem cells by flow cytometry. Then the cells were exposed to different doses of menthol-favored E-liquid (at 59 mg/L nicotine concentration) in the culture median (the final nicotine concentrations were 0...

Background and Objectives : The widespread use of tobacco has evolved with the popularity of vapes, especially among young people, despite the lack of clarity in warnings about their risks. Studies indicate the need for more effective communication about the oral risks of vaping. In addition to systemic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects, vaping is associated with an increased risk of gingivitis and periodontal disease as well as reduced antioxidant capacity of saliva. The objectives of this narrative review are to summarize the existing information in the literature on the effects of vaping at the oral level and to bring together knowledge about the mechanism of action of vaping in oral tissues...

The use of E-cigarettes, often considered a safer alternative to traditional smoking, has been associated with high rates of cellular toxicity, genetic alterations, and inflammation. Neuroinflammatory impacts of cigarette smoking during pregnancy have been associated with increased risks of adverse childhood health outcomes; however, it is still relatively unknown if the same propensity is conferred on offspring by maternal vaping during gestation. Results from our previous mouse inhalation studies suggest such a connection...

As tobacco smoking prevalence is unacceptably high for the one in five Australians reporting a mental health condition in the past year, multiple cessation supports are needed to reduce tobacco-related disease. Nicotine vaping product (NVP)-facilitated smoking cessation is one option requiring a medical prescription in Australia. Yet, people easily obtain NVPs via non-prescription channels. As mental health impacts quitting intentions and health system engagement, this study examined how presence of anxiety and depression symptoms may be associated with perceived health risk of using NVPs from prescription or non-prescription sources for smoking cessation...

Tobacco smoking remains one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDSs) are proposed as a tool for smoking cessation. In the last few years, a growing number of different types of ENDSs were launched onto the market. Despite the manufacturing differences, ENDSs can be classified as "liquid e-cigarettes" (e-cigs) equipped with an atomizer that vaporizes a liquid composed of vegetable glycerin (VG), polypropylene glycol (PG), and nicotine, with the possible addition of flavorings; otherwise, the "heated tobacco products" (HTPs) heat tobacco sticks through contact with an electronic heating metal element...

Emerging data from clinical studies have shown pro-inflammatory effects associated with e-cigarette use. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a biomarker of pulmonary type 2 (T2) inflammation. The effect of chronic e-cigarette use on FeNO is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare FeNO levels in COPD ex-smokers who use e-cigarettes (COPDE + e-cig) to COPDE ex-smokers (COPDE) and COPD current smokers (COPDS). FeNO levels were significantly higher in COPDE + e-cig (median 16.2 ppb) and COPDE (median 18...

Smoking is an established risk factor for various pathologies including lung cancer. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have appeared on the market in recent years, but their safety or, conversely, their toxicity has not yet been demonstrated. This study aimed to compare the metabolome of human lung epithelial cells exposed to emissions of e-cigs, HTPs, or 3R4F cigarettes in order to highlight potential early markers of toxicity. BEAS-2B cells were cultured at the air-liquid interface and exposed to short-term emissions from e-cigs set up at low or medium power, HTPs, or 3R4F cigarettes...

CONTEXT: There has been a global increase in the use of electronic cigarettes (EC). However, to our knowledge, no review has summarized or categorized changes in inflammatory biomarkers after EC use in the extant literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in general, cardiopulmonary, and oxidative stress-related inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults who use ECs. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey and O'Malley framework...

The effect of electronic cigarette (E-cig) vaping on cardiac and vascular function during the healing phase of myocardial infarction (MI), and post-MI remodeling was investigated. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to left coronary artery ligation to induce MI. One week later, rats were randomized to receive either 12 weeks of exposure to purified air (n = 37) or E-cig vapor (15 mg/ml of nicotine) (n = 32). At 12 weeks, cardiac and vascular function, and post-MI remodeling were assessed...

BACKGROUND: Since electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs) were introduced to the United States (US) in 2007 its use has increased. Like other tobacco products, E-Cigs too pose health risks. Studies have shown a correlation between pain and tobacco use, with the association being bidirectional. However, there is limited data on the effect of E-Cig use on chronic pain, as well as its association with opioid use. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of tobacco products, including E-Cigs in a chronic pain population...

OBJECTIVES: In Japan, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in children has changed with increased heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use. We clarified the status of home-based SHS exposure among children, including HTPs and e-cigs, as well as maternal perceptions on SHS avoidance and examined its association with health risks. METHODS: This cross-sectional questionnaire-survey-based study included 379 mothers who were raising children aged < 5 years...

Despite concerns over their safety, e-cigarettes (e-cigs) remain a popular tobacco product. Although nicotine and flavors found in e-cig liquids (e-liquids) can cause harm in the airways, whether the delivery vehicles propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) are innocuous when inhaled remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of e-cig aerosols generated from e-liquid containing only PG/VG on airway inflammation and mucociliary function in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and sheep...

BACKGROUND: Use of nicotine containing products like electronic cigarettes (e-Cig) and alcohol are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, resulting in the extracellular release of ATP, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mediating inflammatory responses. While nicotine effects on lungs is well-known, chronic alcohol (ETH) exposure also weakens lung immune responses and cause inflammation. Extracellular ATP (eATP) released by inflammatory/stressed cells stimulate purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7r) activation in adjacent cells...

Rapid brain accumulation is critical for the acute reinforcing effects of nicotine. Although nicotine formulation (free-base vs. protonated or salt) in electronic cigarette (E-cig) liquid affects user satisfaction, its impact on brain nicotine accumulation (BNA) from E-cig use has not been evaluated in comparison with traditional combustible cigarettes (C-cigs) using a within-subjects design. BNA was directly assessed with 29 adult dual users (13 females) of E-cigs and C-cigs, using [11 C]nicotine and positron emission tomography (PET)...

BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping has increased in the past decade in the US, and e-cig use is misleadingly marketed as a safe cessation for quitting smoking. The main constituents in e-liquid are humectants, such as propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerine (VG), but different flavoring chemicals are also used. However, the toxicology profile of flavored e-cigs in the pulmonary tract is lacking. We hypothesized that menthol and tobacco-flavored e-cig (nicotine-free) exposure results in inflammatory responses and dysregulated repair in lung fibroblast and epithelium...

Coumarin 7'-hydroxylase activity, a specific marker of CYP2A5 activity, and the protein level were measured in liver microsomes of male mice after chronic exposure to e-cigarettes (2.4% nicotine). After exposure for 240 min/day for 5 days, the activity and the protein level in preproenkephalin (ppENK) heterozygous (ppENK (+/-)) mice were significantly elevated ( p< 0.05) compared to the untreated control. This elevation was not due to deletion of the ppENK gene, because the activity did not differ among untreated ppENK (+/-), ppENK (-/-) and wildtype ppENK (+/+) controls...

INTRODUCTION: E-cigarette flavor bans could reduce or exacerbate population health harms. To determine how US e-cigarette flavor restrictions might influence tobacco use behavior, this study assesses responses to real-world and hypothetical flavor bans among young adults who use flavored e-cigarettes. METHODS: An online, national survey of young adults ages 18-34 who use flavored e-cigarettes was conducted in 2021 (n=1,253), oversampling states affected by e-cigarette flavor restrictions...

Our objective was to overview recent data on metabolic/endocrine disorders with respect to e-cigarette (e-cig) use. This is a narrative review; we researched English, full-length, original articles on PubMed (between January 2020 and August 2023) by using different keywords in the area of metabolic/endocrine issues. We only included original clinical studies (n = 22) and excluded case reports and experimental studies. 3 studies (N1 = 22,385; N2 = 600,046; N3 = 5101) addressed prediabetes risk; N1 showed a 1...

Since their introduction in the United States and Europe in 2007, electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs) have become increasingly popular among smokers. Nicotine, a key component in both tobacco and e-cigarettes, can exist in two forms: nicotine-freebase (FBN) and nicotine salts (NS). While nicotine salt is becoming more popular in e-cigarettes, the effect of nicotine salts on reinforcement-related behaviors remains poorly understood. This study aimed to compare the reinforcing effects of nicotine and nicotine salts in animal models of drug self-administration and explore potential mechanisms that may contribute to these differences...

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have become increasingly popular, especially among youth, raising concerns about their potential health risks. JUUL and Tank devices are two common types of e-cigs that deliver aerosols with varying nicotine levels and flavors. However, the differences in the aerosols generated from different devices and their corresponding cytotoxicity and pulmonary injury effects remain poorly understood. This study addresses these knowledge gaps by characterizing the aerosols of JUUL and Tank e-cig devices and testing their toxic effects on THP-1 and BEAS-2B human cell lines as well as the C57BL/6J mouse model...