Inspectra

INTRODUCTION: Immobilization of patients utilizing rigid spine boards (RSBs) is standard practice in the management of trauma patients. Pressure ulcers have been associated with prolonged immobilization, and the possibility exists that formation may begin when the patient is initially immobilized on the RSB. The effects may not be fully recognized because of limited research on the direct tissue effects of prolonged immobilization. Near-infrared spectroscopy is an emerging tool to measure peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2))...

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous oxygen partial pressure is one of several determinants of surgical site infections (SSIs). However, tissue partial pressure is difficult to measure and requires invasive techniques. We tested the hypothesis that early postoperative tissue oxygen saturation (Sto(2)) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy predicts SSI. METHODS: We evaluated Sto(2) in 116 patients undergoing elective colon resection. Saturation was measured near the surgical incision, at the upper arm, and at the thenar muscle with an InSpectra™ tissue spectrometer model 650 (Hutchinson Technology Inc...

INTRODUCTION: To assess potential metabolic and microcirculatory alterations in critically ill patients, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used, in combination with a vascular occlusion test (VOT), for the non-invasive measurement of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), oxygen consumption, and microvascular reperfusion and reactivity. The methodologies for assessing StO2 during a VOT, however, are very inconsistent in the literature and, consequently, results vary from study to study, making data comparison difficult and potentially inadequate...

INTRODUCTION: Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and the vascular occlusion test (VOT) can identify tissue hypoperfusion in trauma and sepsis. However, the technique is neither standardized nor uses the same monitoring site. We hypothesized that baseline and VOT StO2 would be different in the forearm (F) and thenar eminence (TH) and that different minimal StO2 values during the VOT would result in different reoxygenation rates (ReO2). METHODS: StO2 and its change during the VOT were simultaneously measured in the F and TH, with 15 mm and 25 mm probes, using the 325 InSpectra monitor in 18 healthy, adult volunteers...

INTRODUCTION: The tissue hemoglobin index (THI) is a hemoglobin signal strength metric provided on the InSpectra StO2 Tissue Oxygenation Monitor, Model 650. There is growing interest regarding the physiologic meaning of THI and whether a clinically useful correlation between THI and blood hemoglobin concentration exists. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments was performed to evaluate whether THI has potential utility beyond its primary purpose of helping InSpectra device users optimally position a StO2 sensor over muscle tissue...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions on muscle tissue oxygenation, oxygen metabolism and microvascular reactivity in critically ill patients using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. METHODS: This prospective, observational study included 44 consecutive patients hospitalized in the 31-bed, medical-surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital with anemia requiring red blood cell transfusion...

BACKGROUND: : Near-infrared spectroscopy is a new noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen saturation at a tissue level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate new near-infrared tissue spectrometer InSpectra (Hutchinson Technology Inc.) in children and to determine preferable areas of the body to measure tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). METHODS: : Prospective study at a pediatric emergency department. Children aged 0 years to 17 years with no respiratory distress participated in this study...

BACKGROUND: The circulatory dysfunction associated with cirrhosis is well described. Reduced systemic vascular resistance and high cardiac output are the main features of the hyperdynamic state, but involvement of the peripheral microcirculation in this process is poorly understood. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to assess muscle tissue oxygenation (StO(2)) in haemorrhagic and septic shock. Vascular occlusion testing (VOT) can produce dynamic changes in StO(2) which represent tissue oxygen extraction, delivery, and hence, surrogate markers of microvascular function...

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that the microvascular dysfunction is the key element of the pathogenesis of septic shock. This study's purpose was to explore whether the outcome of septic shock patients after early resuscitation using early goal-directed therapy is related to their muscle tissue oxygenation. METHODS: Tissue oxygen saturation (Sto2) was monitored in septic shock patients using a tissue spectrometer (InSpectra Model 325; Hutchinson Technology, Hutchinson, MN)...

BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy technology has been utilized to monitor perfusion status in animal models of hemorrhagic shock and in human traumatic injury. To observe the effectiveness of such a device in a combat setting, an FDA-approved device was used in conjunction with standard resuscitation and therapy of wounded patients presenting to the 228th Combat Support Hospital (CSH), Company B, over a three-month period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These observations were performed on patients presenting to the 228th CSH, Co B, at Forward Operating Base Speicher, outside of Tikrit, Iraq, between the dates of June 15 and September 11, 2005...

BACKGROUND: Clinicians have begun using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor tissue perfusion in hemorrhagic shock, as the technique allows continuous noninvasive monitoring of tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO(2)) and the tissue hemoglobin index (THI). We hypothesized that StO(2) measurements in patients with severe sepsis would be associated with the severity of their illness and would correlate with invasive hemodynamic measurements. METHODS: We measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum lactate concentration, blood hemoglobin concentration, StO(2), and THI in nine healthy volunteers and ten patients with septic shock in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU)...

INTRODUCTION: We assessed tissue O(2) saturation (StO(2)) and total hemoglobin (HbT) changes during a vascular occlusion test (VOT) as markers of O(2) consumption and cardiovascular reserve. METHODS: Using the non-invasive InSpectra near infrared spectrometer, we studied the effect of VOT to StO(2) < 40% then release on thenar eminence StO(2) and HbT in 15 normal volunteers (controls) and 10 trauma patients. We repeated the VOT four times in controls and twice in patients, with controls exercising during the last VOT, and correlated StO(2) with HbT changes by linear regression analysis...

Final results of an investigation into whether oxygen saturation of tissues (StO2, measured by spectrophotometry) could predict surgical site infections (SSI) after major abdominal surgery are presented. StO2 was measured on the arm and wound site pre-operatively and then at 12, 24 and 48 hours post-operatively. A Whitland Research RM200 was employed as the visible lightguide spectrophotometer. StO2 measurements using this machine were designated SSO2 (skin SO2). A Hutchinson Inspectra Model 325 was used for the near infrared spectroscopy (NIS) measurements...

There is a strong need for more studies devoted to the analysis of changes in physiological processes during the incremental bicycle exercise when increasing the intensity of physical activity, serious ischemic episodes in cardiac muscle occur. The aim of this study was a synchronous observation of physiological changes during bicycle ergometry. Participants of the study were 27 healthy male volunteers. All participants of the study performed a graded exercise test to maximal efforts. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded during exercise test and the first three minutes of recovery...

BACKGROUND: Despite normalization of vital signs, critically injured patients may remain in a state of occult underresuscitation that sets the stage for sepsis, organ failure, and death. A continuous, sensitive, and accurate measure of resuscitation after injury remains elusive. METHODS: In this pilot study, we evaluated the ability of two continuous measures of peripheral tissue oxygenation in their ability to detect hypoperfusion: the Licox polarographic tissue oxygen monitor (PmO2) and the InSpectra near-infrared spectrometer (StO2)...

A simple continuous wave near-infrared algorithm for estimating local hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue (%StO2) is described using single depth attenuation measurements at 680, 720, 760, and 800 nm. Second derivative spectroscopy was used to reduce light scattering effects, chromophores with constant absorption, baseline/instrumentation drift, and movement artifacts. Unlike previous second derivative methods which focused primarily on measuring deoxyhemoglobin concentration; a wide 40 nm wavelength gap used for calculating second derivative attenuation significantly improved sensitivity to oxyhemoglobin absorption...

OBJECTIVES: In patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), abnormal muscle metabolism and impaired oxygen delivery distal to the arterial occlusions may contribute to the exercise limitation observed in this population. Muscle tissue hemoglobin saturation (StO2), measured with near-infrared spectroscopy, reflects the relative contributions of oxygen delivery and oxygen use. Thus differences in the kinetics of StO2 in response to exercise may yield important insight into the potential mechanisms associated with the PAD exercise impairment...

OBJECTIVES: Near-infrared spectroscopy provides a noninvasive method of measuring tissue oxygen saturation and has been used to monitor extremity compartment syndrome. Tissue O(2) saturation (StO(2)) is potentially useful in assessing patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The purposes of this feasibility study are to (1) explore the diagnostic sensitivity of StO(2) in subjects with PAD and symptoms of intermittent claudication (IC) compared with normal subjects, and (2) correlate the change in StO(2) during and after exercise with the ankle brachial index (ABI) in patients with IC...