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OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate the accuracy of an MRI-based artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation cartilage model by comparing it to the natural tibial plateau cartilage. METHODS: This study included 33 patients (41 knees) with severe knee osteoarthritis scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). All patients had a thin-section MRI before TKA. Our study is mainly divided into two parts: (i) In order to evaluate the MRI-based AI segmentation cartilage model's 2D accuracy, the natural tibial plateau was used as gold standard...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary vein (PV) occlusion is crucial for adequate lesion formation during cryoballoon-guided pulmonary vein isolation (CB-PVI). PV occlusion is usually confirmed by angiographies over the inflated balloon device. The aim of our study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of pressure waveform-based PV occlusion assessment during CB-PVI utilizing a novel fully integrated pressure analysis tool. METHODS: Consecutive patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) scheduled for CB-PVI were prospectively enrolled for pressure waveform-based PV occlusion assessment...

BACKGROUND: Little data exists on the association of missed care opportunities (MCOs) in children referred for nuclear medicine/nuclear oncology imaging examinations and socioeconomic disparities. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of MCOs in children with lymphoma/leukemia scheduled for fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) and the impact of sociodemographic factors and Child Opportunity Index (COI)...

BACKGROUND: Circulating immune cells play a pathogenic role in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the role of specific lymphocyte subpopulations is not unveiled yet, especially in progressive stages. We aimed to investigate lymphocyte changes during siponimod treatment in active secondary progressive MS (aSPMS) and their associations with clinical outcomes. METHODS: We enrolled 46 aSPMS patients starting on siponimod treatment with at least 6 months of follow-up and two visits within the scheduled timeframes and 14 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs)...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: There has been limited progress made in improving the suboptimal outcomes delivered by conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (RT) for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A greater biological effect may be achieved using hypofractionated RT (HFRT), though the toxicity, tolerability and efficacy of this approach in OAC and OSCC is uncertain. METHODS: A systematic literature review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidance...

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization's (WHO) Immunization Agenda 2030 emphasises ensuring equitable access to vaccination across the life course. This includes placing an emphasis on migrant populations who may have missed key childhood vaccines, doses, and boosters due to disrupted healthcare systems and the migration process, or differing vaccination schedules in home countries. Guidelines exist in the UK for offering catch-up vaccinations to adolscent and adult migrants with incomplete or uncertain vaccination status (including MMR, Td-IPV, MenACWY, HPV), but emerging evidence suggests awareness and implementation in primary care is poor...

OBJECTIVE: To improve timely and equitable access to postpartum blood pressure (BP) monitoring in individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). METHODS: A quality improvement initiative was implemented at a large academic medical centre in the USA for postpartum individuals with HDP. The primary aim was to increase completed BP checks within 7 days of hospital discharge from 40% to 70% in people with HDP in 6 months. Secondary aims included improving rates of scheduled visits, completed visits within 3 days for severe HDP and unattended visits...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To compare the effects of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) treatment on axial length growth and refractive error changes in myopic and premyopic children. METHODS: Subjects were assigned randomly to four subgroups: myopia-RLRL group (M-RL), myopia-control group (M-C), premyopia-RLRL group (PM-RL) and premyopia-control group (PM-C). Subjects in the RLRL group completed a 12-month treatment composed of a 3 min RLRL treatment session twice daily, with an interval of at least 4 hours, for 7 days per week...

INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity constitute a major concern among patients treated at forensic psychiatric departments. The present clinical feasibility study aimed at investigating the extent to which glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment with once-daily liraglutide 3.0 mg could be a feasible pharmacological treatment of these conditions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders hospitalised in forensic psychiatry. METHODS: The 26-week, open-label feasibility study included participants aged 18-65 years diagnosed with a severe mental illness and hospitalised at a forensic psychiatric department...

A growing body of research indicates that β-caryophyllene (BCP), a constituent present in a large number of plants, possesses significant therapeutic properties against CNS disorders, including alcohol and psychostimulant use disorders. However, it is unknown whether BCP has similar therapeutic potential for opioid use disorders. In this study, we found that systemic administration of BCP dose-dependently reduced heroin self-administration in rats under an FR2 schedule of reinforcement and partially blocked heroin-enhanced brain stimulation reward in DAT-cre mice, maintained by optical stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons at high frequencies...

PURPOSE: The standard treatment schedule for unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy (60 Gy delivered in 30 fractions), although moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy (Hypo-RT) has also been considered as an alternative strategy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of moderately Hypo-RT with helical TomoTherapy versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (Con-RT) in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC receiving concurrent chemotherapy...

This study aims to investigate the specific effects of the EMDR Flash Technique on adolescents with depression. This follow-up study consists of 32 adolescents, 12-17 years of age ( M = 14.34, SD = 1.56), including 7 males and 25 females. They were evaluated with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Children Revised Impact of Event Scale-8 (Crıes-8). These were administered at baseline, at the end of the 4th and 12th weeks of treatment...

BACKGROUND: To date, there are no studies investigating the safety and outcomes of facial feminization surgery (FFS) as an outpatient procedure. This is the first study of its kind analyzing the outcomes of ambulatory FFS based on a comparison of complications, post-operative emergency department or urgent care (ED/UC) visits, and readmissions between patients who underwent FFS with admission versus same-day surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients who underwent FFS in a single integrated healthcare system...

BACKGROUND: Real-time prediction of the remaining surgery duration (RSD) is important for optimal scheduling of resources in the operating room. METHODS: We focus on the intraoperative prediction of RSD from laparoscopic video. An extensive evaluation of seven common deep learning models, a proposed one based on the Transformer architecture (TransLocal) and four baseline approaches, is presented. The proposed pipeline includes a CNN-LSTM for feature extraction from salient regions within short video segments and a Transformer with local attention mechanisms...

GOALS: We aimed to evaluate whether direct access colonoscopy (DAC) is noninferior to office-scheduled colonoscopy (OSC) for achieving successful colonoscopy. BACKGROUND: DAC may improve access to colonoscopy. We developed an algorithm assessing eligibility, risk for inadequate preparation, and need for nursing/navigator assistance. STUDY: This was a retrospective, single-center study of DAC and OSC patients from June 5, 2018, to July 31, 2019...

Oral health is a vital indicator of well-being that is influenced by various habits and lifestyles of individuals. Oral diseases are the bottleneck in the effective control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) due to chronic in nature and reciprocal relationship as sharing the common risk factors and habits such as sugar, tobacco, and alcohol consumption that increase the risk of developing various inevitable diseases. However, there is a lack of literature highlighting the relationship between risk factors for oral diseases and general health among individuals...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the widespread adoption of various preventive measures since the spread of COVID-19, there remains a lack of consensus on universally acknowledged best practices. However, the significance of vaccination has risen to prominence as a paramount preventive strategy. Numerous investigations have demonstrated vaccine effectiveness against the omicron strain in severe disease and symptomatic disease, however, the scope of research pertaining to vaccine effectiveness in preventing infection is presently limited...

The giant honeybee Apis dorsata (Fabricius, 1793) is an evolutionarily ancient species that builds its nests in the open. The nest consists of a single honeycomb covered with the bee curtain which are several layers of worker bees that remain almost motionless with their heads up and abdomens down on the nest surface, except for the mouth area, the hub between inner- and outer-nest activities. A colony may change this semi-quiescence several times a day, depending on its reproductive state and ambient temperature, to enter the state of mass flight activity (MFA), in which nest organisation is restructured and defense ability is likely to be suppressed (predicted by the mass-flight-suspend-defensiveness hypothesis)...

BACKGROUND: Observational evidence suggests the 4CMenB meningococcal vaccine may partially protect against gonorrhea, with one dose being two-thirds as protective as two. We examined the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) in England, with one- or two-dose primary vaccination. METHODS: Integrated transmission-dynamic health-economic modeling explored the effects of targeting strategy, first- and second-dose uptake levels, and duration of vaccine protection, using observational estimates of vaccine protection...

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementia in the United States has amplified the health care burden and caregiving challenges, especially for caregivers of people living with dementia. A web-based care planning tool, Olera.care, was developed to aid caregivers in managing common challenges associated with dementia care. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to preliminarily evaluate the quality and usability of the Olera...