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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca van Grootveld, Judith van Paassen, Eric C J Claas, Laura Heerdink, Ed J Kuijper, Mark G J de Boer, Martha T van der Beek
The diagnostic performance of a prospective, systematic screening strategy for COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) during the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU were screened for CAPA twice weekly by collection of tracheal aspirate (TA) for Aspergillus culture and PCR. Subsequently, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampling was performed in patients with positive screening results and clinical suspicion of infection. Patient data were collected from April 2020-February 2022...
March 27, 2024: Medical Mycology
#22
Andrea Grassi, Claudia Cafarchia, Nicola Decaro, Wafa Rhimi, Vittoriana De Laurentiis, Giulia D'Annunzio, Andrea Luppi, Paola Prati
This study reports a peculiar case of systemic candidiasis infection associated with pulmonary aspergillosis in an apparently immunocompetent alpaca. A captive 7-year-old female alpaca exhibited respiratory symptoms, underwent treatment with benzylpenicillin and dexamethasone, and succumbed to the infection 40 days later. During the post-mortem examination, subcutaneous emphysema, widespread pneumonia with multiple suppurative foci, scattered necro-suppurative lesions throughout the renal and hepatic parenchyma were evident...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jesús Fortún, Elia Gómez-García de la Pedrosa, Alberto Martínez-Lorca, Patricia Paredes, Pilar Martín-Dávila, Alicia Gómez-López, María José Buitrago, Javier López-Jiménez, Francesca Gioia, Rosa Escudero, Maria Elena Alvarez-Alvarez, Cruz Soriano, Javier Moreno-García, Diana San Miguel, Noelia Vicente, Santiago Moreno
Although nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (NLAB) is being used in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) prophylaxis, no clinical trial has shown its efficacy as a therapeutic strategy. NAIFI is the inaugural randomized, controlled clinical trial designed to examine the safety and effectiveness of NLAB (dosage: 25 mg in 6 mL, three times per week for 6 weeks) against a placebo, in the auxiliary treatment of IPA. Throughout the three-year clinical trial, thirteen patients (six NLAB, seven placebo) were included, with 61% being onco-hematological with less than 100 neutrophils/μL...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benedetta Fumarola, Liana Signorini, Silvia Lorenzotti, Paola Lanza, Barbara Saccani, Evelyn Van Hauwermeiren, Alice Mulè, Simone Piva, Matteo Rota, Francesco Zuccalà, Francesco Antonio Rasulo, Matteo Filippini, Alberto Bertazzoli, Giovanni Del Fabro, Alberto Matteelli
PURPOSE: COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is common and linked with high fatality rates. To assess the impact on the incidence and outcome of CAPA of an antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) we compared two cohorts of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) in Brescia, Italy, from January to August 2021. METHODS: The study cohort included all mechanically ventilated patients observed between April 2021 and August 2021 with SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia, who received AFP with oral posaconazole (200 mg every 6 h) and nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (50 mg every 2 weeks) from ICU admission to 7 days after discharge or, if applicable, until tracheostomy removal...
March 26, 2024: Infection
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shaoqiang Li, Zhengtu Li, Penglei Wang, Yangqing Zhan, Jiaxing Xie, Feng Ye
OBJECTIVES: We assessed the efficacy of a 3-week primary or salvage caspofungin regimen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and concomitant proven or suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). METHODS: Forty-four patients were treated with an initial loading caspofungin dose of 70 mg, followed by a daily dose of 50 mg for 20 days. The main efficacy endpoint was clinical effectiveness. Secondary endpoints included the clinical efficacy of caspofungin after 1 week, therapeutic efficacy based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (EORTC/MSG) criteria, the sensitivity of different Aspergillus strains to caspofungin in vitro , and the safety of caspofungin...
March 2024: Journal of International Medical Research
#26
REVIEW
Ryotaro Yoneoka, Kenichiro Takeda, Hajime Kasai, Toshihiko Sugiura, Kohei Shikano, Mitsuhiro Abe, Takuji Suzuki
BACKGROUND Hemoptysis due to airway hemorrhage is treated with hemostatic agents, bronchial artery embolization (BAE), or surgical resection. We present the case of a 65-year-old man with refractory hemoptysis associated with chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis (CPPA) who failed to respond to combined endobronchial occlusion (EBO) with endobronchial Watanabe spigot (EWS) and BAE. CASE REPORT A 63-year-old man was diagnosed with CPPA in the right upper lung and presented to our hospital 2 years later for hemoptysis at age 65...
March 13, 2024: American Journal of Case Reports
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jayabharathi Palanivel, Madhusmita Mohanty Mohapatra, Manju Rajaram, Debasis Gochhait, Sunitha Vellathussery Chakkalakkoombil, Rakesh Singh
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients often experience acute exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Recently, attention has focused on Aspergillus sensitization in the airways of these COPD patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in COPD patients with acute exacerbations and identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research from January 2021 to June 2022...
March 21, 2024: Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matteo Bassetti, Daniele R Giacobbe, Christina Agvald-Ohman, Murat Akova, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Elie Azoulay, Stijn Blot, Oliver A Cornely, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, Dylan W de Lange, Francesco G De Rosa, Jan J De Waele, George Dimopoulos, Jose Garnacho-Montero, Martin Hoenigl, Souha S Kanj, Philipp Koehler, Bart J Kullberg, Frédéric Lamoth, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Johan Maertens, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Patricia Muñoz, Garyphallia Poulakou, Jordi Rello, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Fabio S Taccone, Jean-François Timsit, Antoni Torres, Jose A Vazquez, Joost Wauters, Erika Asperges, Andrea Cortegiani, Cecilia Grecchi, Ilias Karaiskos, Clément Le Bihan, Toine Mercier, Klaus L Mortensen, Maddalena Peghin, Chiara Rebuffi, Sofia Tejada, Antonio Vena, Valentina Zuccaro, Luigia Scudeller, Thierry Calandra
PURPOSE: The aim of this document was to develop standardized research definitions of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in non-neutropenic, adult patients without classical host factors for IFD, admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: After a systematic assessment of the diagnostic performance for IFD in the target population of already existing definitions and laboratory tests, consensus definitions were developed by a panel of experts using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method...
March 21, 2024: Intensive Care Medicine
#29
Fumihiro Kashizaki, Kenji Konishi, Chihiro Yamada, Shunsuke Okazaki, Hao Chen, Atsushi Miyasaka, Nanami Tsuchiya, Akitomo Kikuchi, Kentaro Yumoto, Yui Kojima, Hiroyuki Osawa, Harumi Koizumi, Kenichi Takahashi, Takeshi Kaneko
Inflammatory endobronchial polyps (IEPs) are rare, benign bronchial tumors posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges owing to limited data. A 55-year-old man, receiving treatment for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, presented with a one-week history of fever and purulent sputum. Diagnosed with pneumonia, he received antimicrobial treatment. However, because of persistent symptoms, an endobronchial tumor was suspected on computed tomography. IEP was confirmed through flexible bronchoscopy with forceps biopsy, and polyp removal improved symptoms, lung function, and imaging...
2024: Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
#30
REVIEW
Afzal Azim, Armin Ahmed
Invasive fungal diseases pose a significant threat to non-neutropenic ICU patients, with Candida and Aspergillus infections being the most common. However, diagnosing these infections in the ICU population remains challenging due to overlapping clinical features, poor sensitivity of blood cultures, and invasive sampling requirements. The classical host criteria for defining invasive fungal disease do not fully apply to ICU patients, leading to missed or delayed diagnoses. Recent advancements have improved our understanding of invasive fungal diseases, leading to revised definitions and diagnostic criteria...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chris Kosmidis, Mahmoud Achira, Jeremy Yong, Chris Harris, Rohit Bazaz
BACKGROUND: Aspergillus nodules are classified as a subset of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. The optimal management approach is not known as their natural evolution following biopsy, the rate of progression to chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) and the effect of antifungal treatment have not been described. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical course of patients diagnosed with Aspergillus nodules and the effect of antifungal treatment. PATIENTS/METHODS: We present a series of 23 patients with histologically confirmed Aspergillus nodules and describe serial imaging, antifungal treatment and progression to other diagnoses...
March 2024: Mycoses
#32
Qiong-Fang Yang, Cai-Min Shu, Qiao-Ying Ji
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis with variable clinical manifestations. Pulmonary diffuse hemorrhagic leptospirosis often occurs rapidly and, when not promptly diagnosed and treated, it can be life-threatening. Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic fungus that is commonly seen in immunosuppressed patients. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis also progresses rapidly. This case study describes a patient with severe pneumonia caused by pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis combined with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
#33
David C Rinker, Thomas J C Sauters, Karin Steffen, Adiyantara Gumilang, Huzefa A Raja, Manuel Rangel-Grimaldo, Camila Figueiredo Pinzan, Patrícia Alves de Castro, Thaila Fernanda Dos Reis, Endrews Delbaje, Jos Houbraken, Gustavo H Goldman, Nicholas H Oberlies, Antonis Rokas
Fungal pathogens exhibit extensive strain heterogeneity, including variation in virulence. Whether closely related non-pathogenic species also exhibit strain heterogeneity remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively characterized the pathogenic potentials (i.e., the ability to cause morbidity and mortality) of 16 diverse strains of Aspergillus fischeri , a non-pathogenic close relative of the major pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus . In vitro immune response assays and in vivo virulence assays using a mouse model of pulmonary aspergillosis showed that A...
March 10, 2024: bioRxiv
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pooja Sen, Mukund Vijay, Himanshu Kamboj, Lovely Gupta, Jata Shankar, Pooja Vijayaraghavan
Black Aspergillus species are the most common etiological agents of otomycosis, and pulmonary aspergillosis. However, limited data is available on their antifungal susceptibility profiles and associated resistance mechanisms. Here, we determined the azole susceptibility profiles of black Aspergillus species isolated from the Indian environment and explored the potential resistance mechanisms through cyp51A gene sequencing, protein homology modeling, and expression analysis of selected genes cyp51A, cyp51B, mdr1, and mfs based on their role in imparting resistance against antifungal drugs...
March 14, 2024: Scientific Reports
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emilie Janssens, Sammy Huygens, Ine Moors, Anke Delie, Tessa Kerre, Yannick Vande Weygaerde, Eva Van Braeckel, Jerina Boelens, Lieve Morbée, Alexander Schauwvlieghe
BACKGROUND: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a relatively common infection in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and is associated with high mortality rates. Optimising early detection is key to reduce the burden of IPA in this population. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the added value of baseline chest CT before start of classical induction chemotherapy. METHODS: Adult patients receiving first-line intensive chemotherapy for AML were included if a baseline chest CT scan was available (±7 days)...
March 2024: Mycoses
#36
REVIEW
Théo Ghelfenstein-Ferreira, Alexandra Serris, Maud Salmona, Fanny Lanternier, Alexandre Alanio
The complex interaction between viruses and fungi has profound implications, especially given the significant impact of these microorganisms on human health. While well-known examples such as HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 are recognized as risk factors for invasive fungal diseases, the relationship between viruses and fungi remains largely underexplored outside of these cases. Fungi and viruses can engage in symbiotic or synergistic interactions. Remarkably, some viruses, known as mycoviruses, can directly infect fungi, may influencing their phenotype and potentially their virulence...
March 28, 2024: Medical Mycology
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sergio García-Martín, Víctor M Mora-Cuesta, Sara Naranjo-Gozalo, Jose Javier Jiménez-Velasco, María Pía Roiz-Mesones, Victor Fernández-Lobo
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 11, 2024: Progress in Transplantation
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Rochard, J Bigot, V Balloy, C Hennequin, J Guitard
Aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant fungal species causing pulmonary aspergillosis. The present-day anti-aspergillosis arsenal is limited, with a number of molecules occasioning severe side effects (amphotericin B) or provoking significant drug interactions (azole derivatives). Moreover, the recent emergence of azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains is a cause for concern. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as a promising therapeutic approach and alternative or complement to conventional antifungals...
March 7, 2024: Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
#39
Nurul Aisyah Abd Rahman, Boon Hau Ng, Nik Nuratiqah Nik Abeed, Muhammad Ishamuddin Ismail, Mohamed Faisal Abdul Hamid, Andrea Ban Yu-Lin
A 37-year-old woman, 25 weeks pregnant, experienced sudden massive hemoptysis. She had a background history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and past pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Emergency intubation was necessary, and bronchoscopy revealed blood pooling in both main bronchi, with active bleeding from the right upper lobe bronchus. Urgent computed tomography (CT) angiography of the bronchial artery identified a bleeding source and was successfully embolized. Antifungal and anti-tuberculous therapy was initiated based on bronchoalveolar lavage results...
March 2024: Respirology Case Reports
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Santiago Ewig, Sören Gatermann, Stathis Phillipou, Christian Giesa, Erich Hecker
We report a patient with severe cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis and Aspergillus niger superinfection, whose only comorbidity was untreated diabetes mellitus. A. niger pneumonia was proven by PCR, sequencing and culture of pleural and respiratory secretions. The patient was successfully treated with a four-drug antituberculous regimen, liposomal amphotericin B (up to 5 mg/kg/d) and pleuro-pneumonectomy. Histology of the resected lung revealed destroyed lung tissue with inflammatory cells and fungal conidia...
September 2023: Pneumologie
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