fexofenadine

Fexofenadine is a newly introduced oral non-sedating agent used for allergic diseases. We sought to investigate the effects of the use of fexofenadine on the salivary gland of adult male albino rats. 30 adult male albino rats were classified randomly into 3 groups, as follows: Group A (control group) which consisted of 10 healthy rats. Group B (treated group) which consisted of 10 rats received FEX 5mg/kg/day, and Group C (treated group) which consisted of 10 rats received FEX 10mg/kg/day. Blood samples were obtained to assess serum levels of Thioredoxin reductase (TRX) and malondialdehyde (MDA)...

Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer an efficient alternative technology for removing emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) from wastewater. Optimizing CW performance requires understanding the impact of CW configuration on EOC removal and microbial community dynamics. This study investigated EOC removal and microbial communities in horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs over a 26-month operational period. Comparison between tuff-filled and gravel-filled CWs highlighted the superior EOC removal in tuff-filled CWs during extended operation, likely caused by the larger surface area of the tuff substrate fostering microbial growth, sorption, and biodegradation...

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is increasingly prevalent in India, affecting a significant portion of the population and adversely impacting their quality of life. This nationwide survey aimed to explore the perceptions and clinical preferences of Indian physicians regarding the perceived prevalence, common symptoms, and various available treatments for AR. METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational, digital questionnaire-based survey was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023, involving physicians sharing insights on prevalence rates, diagnostic approaches, medication preferences, and immunotherapy practices in AR management...

The current study aimed to explore the impact of buffer species on the dissolution behavior of orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) containing a basic polymer and its influence on bioequivalence (BE) prediction. Fexofenadine hydrochloride ODT formulations were used as the model formulations, Allegra® as the reference formulation, and generic formulations A and B as the test formulations. Allegra® , generic A, and generic B are ODT formulations that contain aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymers E (Eudragit® E, EUD-E), a basic polymer commonly used to mask the bitter taste of drugs...

IMPORTANCE: Allergic rhinitis affects an estimated 15% of the US population (approximately 50 million individuals) and is associated with the presence of asthma, eczema, chronic or recurrent sinusitis, cough, and both tension and migraine headaches. OBSERVATIONS: Allergic rhinitis occurs when disruption of the epithelial barrier allows allergens to penetrate the mucosal epithelium of nasal passages, inducing a T-helper type 2 inflammatory response and production of allergen-specific IgE...

Multiple human-induced environmental stressors significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Climate warming and chemical pollution are two widespread stressors whose impact on freshwaters is likely to increase. However, little is known about the combined effects of warming on the bioaccumulation of environmentally relevant mixtures of emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in freshwater biota. This study investigated the bioaccumulation of a mixture of 15 selected PhACs at environmentally relevant concentrations in common freshwater macroinvertebrate taxa, exposed to ambient temperatures and warming (+4 °C) during the warm and cold seasons in two outdoor mesocosm experiments...

PURPOSE: Wet granulation (WG) is one of the most versatile processes to improve blend properties for processing. However, due to its need for moisture and heat, it is often considered not amenable to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) prone to forming hydrates. Despite this claim, little literature exists evaluating the extent to which polymorphic form conversions occur for such API when processed with WG. This work sets out to explore two common WG methods, high-shear (HSG) and fluid-bed (FBG), and two drying processes, tray-drying (TD) and fluid-bed drying (FBD), and evaluate the risk they pose to hydrate form conversion...

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and costly progressive neurodegenerative disease of unclear etiology. A disease-modifying approach that can directly stop or slow its progression remains a major unmet need in the treatment of PD. A clinical pharmacology-based drug repositioning strategy is a useful approach for identifying new drugs for PD. METHODS: We analyzed claims data obtained from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), which covers a significant portion of the South Korean population, to investigate the association between antihistamines, a class of drugs commonly used to treat allergic symptoms by blocking H1 receptor, and PD in a real-world setting...

The targeting and mucoadhesive features of chitosan (CS)-linked solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were exploited to efficiently deliver fexofenadine (FEX) into the colon, forming a novel and potential oral therapeutic option for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. Different FEX-CS-SLNs with varied molecular weights of CS were prepared and optimized. Optimized FEX-CS-SLNs exhibited 229 ± 6.08 nm nanometric size, 36.3 ± 3.18 mV zeta potential, 64.9 % EE, and a controlled release profile...

In the last few decades, green analytical chemistry (GAC) has become a smart magical solution for the qualification and quantification of many drugs. In the current study, a direct, sensitive, and green RP-HPLC method was used to separate three anti-histaminic combinations rupatadine/montelukast, desloratadine/montelukast, fexofenadine/montelukast, and finally a mixture of rupatadine and its metabolite; desloratadine in less than 20 min. The developed method was optimized by a 23 full factorial design to improve the chromatographic responses...

Pharmaceuticals are receiving increasing attention as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. Herein, we investigated the occurrence of 11 antidepressants, 6 antihistamines and 4 metabolites in treated wastewater effluents, rivers, stormwater, and seawater in Hong Kong, with special focus on chirality. The average levels of ∑pharmaceuticals ranged from 0.525 to 1070 ng/L in all samples and the total annual mass load of target pharmaceuticals in the marine environment of Hong Kong was 756 kg/y...

Intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity plays a crucial role in modulating the oral bioavailability of its substrates. Fexofenadine has commonly been employed as a P-gp probe, although it's important to note the involvement of other drug transporters like OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1. In vitro studies demonstrated an upregulation of P-gp protein in response to exposure to pregnancy-related hormones. The objective of this study was to investigate how intestinal P-gp activity is impacted by menopausal status...

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated disease. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression levels of class 4 semaphorins and their receptors in AR patients before and after treatment with budesonide and fexofenadine (B/F) compared to fluticasone propionate and fexofenadine (FP/F). METHODS: In this study, 29 AR patients (age 34.4 ± 1.2 years, 18 men and 11 women) were treated with B/F, and 24 AR patients (age 32...

For taste masking of fexofenadine hydrochloride (FXD), ethylcellulose (EC) microparticles with FXD were developed. The amounts of EC, Tween 80, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in the composition had little effect on initial drug release properties. Based on the results of the drug recovery and the drug release properties, FXD(EC200) was the optimal FXD microparticle formulation. From the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns of FXD(EC200), FXD amorphization in the microparticles and interaction between FXD and other components were suggested, and the formation of a solid dispersion of FXD was suggested...

An innovative, simple, accurate, sensitive, and eco-friendly synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of montelukast sodium (MON) and fexofenadine hydrochloride (FEX). The method relies on measuring the relative synchronous fluorescence intensity of both drugs using Δλ of 60 nm in methanol at 405 nm for MON and 288 nm for FEX. The experimental parameters influencing the developed method were investigated and optimized...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lorlatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer. This study assessed the effect of steady-state lorlatinib on the metabolic enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6, CYP2C9, and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter. METHODS: Thirty-two patients received a single oral dose of a probe drug on Day - 2 to determine the pharmacokinetics of the probe drug alone...

PURPOSE: Micro-segmental hair analysis (MSA), which enables detailed measurement of the distribution of drugs in a single hair strand, is useful for examining the day of death and drug use history of a person. However, corpses are often found in severe environments, such as soil and freezers, which affect the drug contents in hair. Therefore, we examined the effects of temperature, humidity, light, and soil on drug stability in hair as a preliminary study to estimate personal profiles using MSA of corpse hair...

Jabara juice and its component narirutin inhibit the activity of organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1A2 and OATP2B1, which are considered to play significant roles in the intestinal absorption of fexofenadine. In this study, we investigated the effects of jabara juice on the intestinal absorption of fexofenadine in mice and the inhibitory effects of jabara juice and narirutin on the permeation of fexofenadine using Caco-2 cell monolayers and LLC-GA5-COL300 cell monolayers. In the in vivo study, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of fexofenadine in mice was increased 1...

Cross-reactivity between mammalian proteins, such as that in Pork Cat Syndrome, remains a topic of great interest. This syndrome, characterized by an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response to porcine albumin triggered by sensitization through cat epithelium, has been sparsely documented. We discuss a 41-year-old female who developed a pruritic rash within 30 minutes of consuming pork. Notably, she exhibited elevated serum IgE levels with specific reactions to cat dander, dog dander, and pork. A skin prick test for pork was positive...

To gain a comprehensive overview of the landscape of clinical trials for the H1 -receptor antagonists (H1 R antagonists) cetirizine, levocetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, and fexofenadine and their potential use cases in drug repurposing (the use of well-known drugs outside the scope of the original medical indication), we analyzed trials from clincialtrials.gov using novel custom-coded software, which itself is also a key emphasis of this paper. To automate data acquisition from clincialtrials.gov via its API, data processing, and storage, we created custom software by leveraging a variety of open-source tools...