sperm antibodies

Brentuximab vedotin (BV), an anti-CD30 antibody with monomethyl auristatin E conjugate, has shown clinical effects against relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and hence is widely used in the clinical setting. We report a special clinical case of successful pregnancy and fetal outcome in a patient with cHL who achieved long-term remission with BV for early relapse after an autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT). A 27-year-old woman with advanced cHL achieved complete response (CR) after six cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) regimen...

RESEARCH QUESTION: How, and to what extent, do anticentromere antibodies (ACA) reduce live birth outcomes after ICSI? STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of infertile women aged 30-43 years who underwent ICSI between September 2016 and March 2021. Women with a history or current diagnosis of symptomatic connective tissue disease were excluded. Immunofluorescence staining detected antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Staining pattern and titre (cut-off, 1:160) were used to divide infertile women into three groups: positive for ACA (ACA+) (n = 28); positive for ANA other than ACA (ANA+) (n = 77); and negative for both ACA and ANA (control) (n = 3723)...

BACKGROUND: Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 1 (Siglec-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in the sialic acid (Sia)-dependent regulation of the immune system. Siglec-1 expression has recently been identified in the male reproductive tract (MRT) of several species, including humans, cattle, horses, and sheep, and may play a role in modulating fertility in a Sia-dependent manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of Siglec-1 was conducted to identify associated network protein conservation, and the expression of Siglec-1 in the MRT of mice and rats, including their accessory sex glands and spermatozoa was determined by immunostaining...

STUDY QUESTION: Are sperm phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) profiles linked to the quality of embryogenesis and pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER: Sperm PLCζ levels in both mouse and humans correlate with measures of ideal embryogenesis whereby minimal levels seem to be required to result in successful pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: While causative factors underlying male infertility are multivariable, cases are increasingly associated with the efficacy of oocyte activation, which in mammals occurs in response to specific profiles of calcium (Ca2+) oscillations driven by sperm-specific PLCζ...

The freeze-thawing process induces osmotic changes that may affect the membrane domain location of aquaporins' (AQP) in spermatozoa. Recent studies suggest that changes in AQP3 localization allows better sperm osmo-adaptation, improving the cryoresistance. Ultra-rapid freezing is an alternative cryopreservation technique that requires less equipment than conventional freezing, and it is faster, simpler and can be used in the field. This study aimed to determine the influence of freezing-thawing rates (slow (control) vs...

Conventional, brightfield-microscopic semen analysis provides important baseline information about sperm quality of an individual; however, it falls short of identifying subtle subcellular and molecular defects in cohorts of "bad", defective human and animal spermatozoa with seemingly normal phenotypes. To bridge this gap, it is desirable to increase the precision of andrological evaluation in humans and livestock animals by pursuing advanced biomarker-based imaging methods. This review, spiced up with occasional classic movie references but seriously scholastic at the same time, focuses mainly on the biomarkers of altered male germ cell proteostasis resulting in post-testicular carryovers of proteins associated with ubiquitin-proteasome system...

Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) is a well-known sperm selection technique, which is able to remove apoptotic spermatozoa from semen samples using the classic annexinV based method. Leukocytes and erythrocytes in semen samples or in testicular tissue processed for in vitro fertilization (IVF) could exert detrimental effects on sperm. In the current study, we rethought the aforementioned technique and used magnetic microbeads conjugated with anti-CD45/CD235a antibodies to eliminate contaminating leukocytes and erythrocytes from leukocytospermic semen samples and testicular tissue samples gained via testicular sperm extraction (TESE)...

PURPOSE: Despite the significant role of varicocele in the pathogenesis of male infertility, its association with anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aims to investigate the frequency of ASA positivity in men with varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This SRMA is conducted in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. We investigated the frequency of ASA positivity in ejaculates or serum of men with varicocele as compared to men without varicocele (controls)...

Sialic acids are negatively charged carbohydrates that are components of saccharide chains covalently linked to macromolecules. Sialylated glycoproteins are important for most biological processes, including reproduction, where they are associated with spermatogenesis, sperm motility, immune responses, and fertilization. Changes in the glycoprotein profile or sialylation in glycoproteins are likely to affect the quality of ejaculate. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the degree of sialylation between normozoospermic ejaculates and ejaculates with a pathological spermiogram using two lectins, Sambucus nigra (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAL II/MAA) recognizing α-2,6 or α-2,3 linkage of Sia to galactosyl residues...

BACKGROUND: Cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) is considered as the most important endpoint for assessing the probability of having a baby in a complete in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment cycle. Many previous studies have focused on the association between thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and live birth rate after first embryo transfer cycle, however, evidence on whether the presence of TAI affects the CLBR is lacking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of TAI on the CLBR in a complete IVF/ICSI cycle...

IgG Fc N -glycosylation is necessary for effector functions and is an important component of quality control. The choice of antibody manufacturing platform has the potential to significantly influence the Fc glycans of an antibody and consequently alter their activity and clinical profile. The Human Contraception Antibody (HCA) is an IgG1 antisperm monoclonal antibody (mAb) currently in clinical development as a novel, non-hormonal contraceptive. Part of its development is selecting a suitable expression platform to manufacture HCA for use in the female reproductive tract...

BACKGROUND: <u>S</u>perm <u>a</u>crosomal <u>S</u>LLP<u>1 b</u>inding (SAS1B) protein is found in oocytes, which is necessary for sperm-oocyte interaction, and also in uterine and pancreatic cancers. Anti-SAS1B antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) arrested growth in these cancers. However, SAS1B expression in cancers and normal tissues has not been characterized. We hypothesized that SAS1B is expressed on the surface of other common solid cancer cells, but not on normal tissue cells, and might be selectively targeted therapeutically...

Good laboratory practice minimizes the biological hazard posed by potentially infectious casework samples. In certain scenarios, when the casework sample is contaminated with highly contagious pathogens, additional safety procedures such as disinfection might be advised. It was previously proven that ozone gas treatment does not hamper STR analysis, but there is no data on how the disinfection affects other steps of the forensic analysis. In this study, we aimed to assess the interference of ozone disinfection with forensic tests used to identify biological stains...

Transforming acidic acid coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3) and cytoskeleton associated protein 5 (cKAP5; or colonic hepatic tumor overexpressed gene, chTOG) are vital for spindle assembly and stabilization initiated through TACC3 Aurora-A kinase interaction. Here, TACC3 and cKAP5/chTOG localization with monospecific antibodies is investigated in eGFP-centrin-2- expressing mouse meiotic spermatocytes. Both proteins bind spermatocyte spindle poles but neither kinetochore nor interpolar microtubules, unlike in mitotic mouse fibroblasts or female meiotic oocyte spindles...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the association between mild elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and pregnancy outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments in women with the first fresh embryo transfer. METHODS: Large single-center retrospective cohort study of 15,728 patients from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled in the analyses. Clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, miscarriage rates, and ectopic pregnancy rates were compared between the TSH levels < 2...

Spermatogenesis is the process of proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells to meiotic and post-meiotic stages and sperm generation. Normal spermatogenesis occurs in vivo at 34 °C to 35 °C, and high temperatures are known to cause male infertility. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of temperature (35 °C compared to 37 °C) on the viability/apoptosis of developed cells, on the development of different stages of spermatogenesis in 3D in vitro culture conditions, and the functionality of Sertoli cells under these conditions...

BACKGROUND: PRAME constitutes one of the largest multi-copy gene families in Eutherians, encoding cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) with leucine-rich repeats (LRR) domains, highly expressed in cancer cells and gametogenic germ cells. This study aims to elucidate genetic interactions between two members, Pramex1 and Pramel1, in the mouse Prame family during gametogenesis using a gene knockout approach. RESULT: Single-gene knockout (sKO) of either Pramex1 or Pramel1 resulted in approximately 7% of abnormal seminiferous tubules, characterized by a Sertoli-cell only (SCO) phenotype, impacting sperm count and fecundity significantly...

Mucin-16 (MUC16) is a target for antibody-mediated immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) amongst other malignancies. The MUC16 specific monoclonal antibody AR9.6 has shown promise for PDAC immunotherapy and imaging. Here, we report the structural and biological characterization of the humanized AR9.6 antibody (huAR9.6). The structure of huAR9.6 was determined in complex with a MUC16 SEA (Sea urchin sperm, Enterokinase, Agrin) domain. Binding of huAR9.6 to recombinant, shed, and cell-surface MUC16 was characterized, and anti-PDAC activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo...

The immunological sexing method using antibodies offers cost-effective, high-volume production but faces challenges in terms of X-sperm purity in sexed semen. This research aimed to produce sexed bull semen using highly specific recombinant antibodies in magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), evaluate sperm quality and kinematic parameters, and verify the sex ratio of sperm, embryos, and live calves. Fresh semen from two Angus bulls was separated into two equal groups: conventional (CONV) semen and semen sexed using MACS with Y-scFv antibody conjugation to separate two fractions, i...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if early spermatocytes can be enriched from a human testis biopsy using fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). DESIGN: Potential surface markers for early spermatocytes were identified using bioinformatics analysis of single cell RNA sequenced (scRNAseq) human testis tissue. Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) samples from 3 participants with normal spermatogenesis were digested into single cell suspensions and cryopreserved. 2-4 million cells were obtained from each and sorted by FACS as separate biological replicates using antibodies for the identified surface markers...