keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34299291/hidden-role-of-gut-microbiome-dysbiosis-in-schizophrenia-antipsychotics-or-psychobiotics-as-therapeutics
#21
REVIEW
Nayla Munawar, Khansa Ahsan, Khalid Muhammad, Aftab Ahmad, Munir A Anwar, Iltaf Shah, Ahlam Khalifa Al Ameri, Fadwa Al Mughairbi
Schizophrenia is a chronic, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that has complex symptoms and uncertain etiology. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of genetics and epigenetic disturbances, alteration in gut microbiome, immune system abnormalities, and environmental influence in the disease, but a single root cause and mechanism involved has yet to be conclusively determined. Consequently, the identification of diagnostic markers and the development of psychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia faces a high failure rate...
July 18, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34201279/stress-modifies-the-expression-of-glucocorticoid-responsive-genes-by-acting-at-epigenetic-levels-in-the-rat-prefrontal-cortex-modulatory-activity-of-lurasidone
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paola Brivio, Giulia Sbrini, Letizia Tarantini, Chiara Parravicini, Piotr Gruca, Magdalena Lason, Ewa Litwa, Chiara Favero, Marco Andrea Riva, Ivano Eberini, Mariusz Papp, Valentina Bollati, Francesca Calabrese
Epigenetics is one of the mechanisms by which environmental factors can alter brain function and may contribute to central nervous system disorders. Alterations of DNA methylation and miRNA expression can induce long-lasting changes in neurobiological processes. Hence, we investigated the effect of chronic stress, by employing the chronic mild stress (CMS) and the chronic restraint stress protocol, in adult male rats, on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. We focused on DNA methylation specifically in the proximity of the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) of the GR responsive genes Gadd45 β , Sgk1, and Gilz and on selected miRNA targeting these genes...
June 8, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34069407/regulatory-effects-of-cannabidiol-on-mitochondrial-functions-a-review
#23
REVIEW
John Zewen Chan, Robin Elaine Duncan
Cannabidiol (CBD) is part of a group of phytocannabinoids derived from Cannabis sativa. Initial work on CBD presumed the compound was inactive, but it was later found to exhibit antipsychotic, anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and antiepileptic effects. In recent decades, evidence has indicated a role for CBD in the modulation of mitochondrial processes, including respiration and bioenergetics, mitochondrial DNA epigenetics, intrinsic apoptosis, the regulation of mitochondrial and intracellular calcium concentrations, mitochondrial fission, fusion and biogenesis, and mitochondrial ferritin concentration and mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity regulation...
May 19, 2021: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34049235/toward-personalized-medicine-in-schizophrenia-genetics-and-epigenetics-of-antipsychotic-treatment
#24
REVIEW
Amanda J Lisoway, Cheng C Chen, Clement C Zai, Arun K Tiwari, James L Kennedy
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder where genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in disease onset, course of illness, and treatment outcome. Pharmaco(epi)genetic research presents an important opportunity to improve patient care through prediction of medication side effects and response. In this narrative review, we discuss the current state of research and important progress of both genetic and epigenetic factors involved in antipsychotic response, over the past five years. The review is largely focused on the following frequently prescribed antipsychotics: olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and clozapine...
June 2021: Schizophrenia Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33716817/optimizing-and-individualizing-the-pharmacological-treatment-of-first-episode-schizophrenic-patients-study-protocol-for-a-multicenter-clinical-trial
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingmei Xiao, Jing Huang, Yujun Long, Xiaoyi Wang, Ying Wang, Ye Yang, Gangrui Hei, Mengxi Sun, Jin Zhao, Li Li, Tiannan Shao, Weiyan Wang, Dongyu Kang, Chenchen Liu, Peng Xie, Yuyan Huang, Renrong Wu, Jingping Zhao
Introduction: Affecting ~1% of the world population, schizophrenia is known as one of the costliest and most burdensome diseases worldwide. Antipsychotic medications are the main treatment for schizophrenia to control psychotic symptoms and efficiently prevent new crises. However, due to poor compliance, 74% of patients with schizophrenia discontinue medication within 1.5 years, which severely affects recovery and prognosis. Through research on intra and interindividual variability based on a psychopathology-neuropsychology-neuroimage-genetics-physiology-biochemistry model, our main objective is to investigate an optimized and individualized antipsychotic-treatment regimen and precision treatment for first-episode schizophrenic patients...
2021: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33407853/developmental-cannabidiol-exposure-increases-anxiety-and-modifies-genome-wide-brain-dna-methylation-in-adult-female-mice
#26
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Nicole M Wanner, Mathia Colwell, Chelsea Drown, Christopher Faulk
BACKGROUND: Use of cannabidiol (CBD), the primary non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis, has recently risen dramatically, while relatively little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of its effects. Previous work indicates that direct CBD exposure strongly impacts the brain, with anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and other effects being observed in animal and human studies. The epigenome, particularly DNA methylation, is responsive to environmental input and can direct persistent patterns of gene regulation impacting phenotype...
January 6, 2021: Clinical Epigenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33344724/long-term-effects-of-stress-early-in-life-on-microrna-30a-and-its-network-preventive-effects-of-lurasidone-and-potential-implications-for-depression-vulnerability
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annamaria Cattaneo, Matthew Suderman, Nadia Cattane, Monica Mazzelli, Veronica Begni, Carlo Maj, Ilari D'Aprile, Carmine M Pariante, Alessia Luoni, Alessandra Berry, Katharina Wurst, Leif Hommers, Katharina Domschke, Francesca Cirulli, Moshe Szyf, Andreas Menke, Marco A Riva
Exposure to early life stress can interfere with neurodevelopmental trajectories to increase the vulnerability for psychiatric disorders later in life. With this respect, epigenetic mechanisms play a key role for the long-lasting changes in brain functions that may elicit and sustain psychopathologic outcomes. Here, we investigated DNA methylation changes as possible epigenetic mechanism mediating the effect of prenatal stress (PNS), an experimental paradigm associated with behavioral and molecular alterations relevant for psychiatric disorders...
November 2020: Neurobiology of Stress
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33234676/brd2-regulation-of-sigma-2-receptor-upon-cholesterol-deprivation
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongtao Shen, Jing Li, Xiujie Xie, Huan Yang, Mengxue Zhang, Bowen Wang, K Craig Kent, Jorge Plutzky, Lian-Wang Guo
The sigma-2 receptor (S2R) has long been pharmacologically targeted for antipsychotic treatment and tumor imaging. Only recently was it known for its coding gene and for its role implicated in cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional control of S2R by the Bromo/ExtraTerminal epigenetic reader family (BETs, including BRD2, 3, and 4) upon cholesterol perturbation. Cholesterol deprivation was induced in ARPE19 cells using a blocker of lysosomal cholesterol export. This condition up-regulated S2R mRNA and protein, and also SREBP2 but not SREBP1, both transcription factors key to cholesterol/fatty acid metabolism...
January 2021: Life Science Alliance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32579259/subacute-cannabidiol-alters-genome-wide-dna-methylation-in-adult-mouse-hippocampus
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole M Wanner, Mathia Colwell, Chelsea Drown, Christopher Faulk
Use of cannabidiol (CBD), the most abundant non-psychoactive compound found in cannabis (Cannabis sativa), has recently increased as a result of widespread availability of CBD-containing products. CBD is FDA-approved for the treatment of epilepsy and exhibits anxiolytic, antipsychotic, prosocial, and other behavioral effects in animal studies and clinical trials, however, the underlying mechanisms governing these phenotypes are still being elucidated. The epigenome, particularly DNA methylation, is responsive to environmental input and can govern persistent patterns of gene regulation affecting phenotype across the life course...
November 2020: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32068120/epigenetic-histone-modulations-of-ppar%C3%AE-and-related-pathways-contribute-to-olanzapine-induced-metabolic-disorders
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yueqing Su, Xuemei Liu, Jiamei Lian, Chao Deng
The antipsychotic drug olanzapine is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar and other mental disorders; however, it causes serious metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia. Our previous studies have identified that olanzapine activated expression of the sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1) gene, a key transcriptional factor for lipogenesis in the liver and adipocytes. SREBP-1 has been reported to positively regulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a master regulator in the process of adipogenesis...
May 2020: Pharmacological Research: the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32058614/antipsychotic-medications-and-dna-methylation-in-schizophrenia-and-bipolar-disorder-a-systematic-review
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kyle J Burghardt, Audrey S Khoury, Zaher Msallaty, Zhengping Yi, Berhane Seyoum
The pharmacoepigenetics of antipsychotic treatment in severe mental illness is a growing area of research that aims to understand the interface between antipsychotic treatment and genetic regulation. Pharmacoepigenetics may some day assist in identifying treatment response mechanisms or become one of the components in the implementation of precision medicine. To understand the current evidence regarding the effects of antipsychotics on DNA methylation a systematic review with qualitative synthesis was performed through Pubmed, Embase and Psychinfo from earliest data to June 2019...
April 2020: Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31798479/the-role-of-proopiomelanocortin-and-%C3%AE-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone-in-the-metabolic-syndrome-in-psychiatric-disorders-a-narrative-mini-review
#32
REVIEW
Stefan Raue, Dirk Wedekind, Jens Wiltfang, Ulrike Schmidt
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises abdominal obesity, preclinical or full diabetes type 2, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia and affects a significant proportion of the general population with a remarkably higher prevalence in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders. However, studies exploring the pathogenetic link between MetS and psychiatric diseases are rare. Here, we aim to narrow this gap in knowledge by providing a narrative review on this topic that focuses on two psychiatric diseases, namely on schizophrenia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since we assume them to be associated with two different main causalities of MetS: in schizophrenia, MetS evidently develops or aggravates in response to antipsychotic drug treatment while it assumingly develops in response to stress-induced endocrine and/or epigenetic alterations in PTSD...
2019: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31354789/the-potential-role-of-regulatory-genes-dnmt3a-hdac5-and-hdac9-in-antipsychotic-treatment-response-in-south-african-schizophrenia-patients
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin Sean O'Connell, Nathaniel Wade McGregor, Robin Emsley, Soraya Seedat, Louise Warnich
Despite advances in pharmacogenetics, the majority of heritability for treatment response cannot be explained by common variation, suggesting that factors such as epigenetics may play a key role. Regulatory genes, such as those involved in DNA methylation and transcriptional repression, are therefore excellent candidates for investigating antipsychotic treatment response. This study explored the differential expression of regulatory genes between patients with schizophrenia (chronic and antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients) and healthy controls in order to identify candidate genes for association with antipsychotic treatment response...
2019: Frontiers in Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30287754/dna-methylation-as-a-biomarker-of-treatment-response-variability-in-serious-mental-illnesses-a-systematic-review-focused-on-bipolar-disorder-schizophrenia-and-major-depressive-disorder
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charanraj Goud Alladi, Bruno Etain, Frank Bellivier, Cynthia Marie-Claire
So far, genetic studies of treatment response in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression have returned results with limited clinical utility. A gene × environment interplay has been proposed as a factor influencing not only pathophysiology but also the treatment response. Therefore, epigenetics has emerged as a major field of research to study the treatment of these three disorders. Among the epigenetic marks that can modify gene expression, DNA methylation is the best studied. We performed a systematic search (PubMed) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA guidelines for preclinical and clinical studies focused on genome-wide and gene-specific DNA methylation in the context of schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and major depressive disorder...
October 4, 2018: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30245571/behavioral-mechanisms-that-depend-on-dopamine-and-serotonin-in-caenorhabditis-elegans-interact-with-the-antipsychotics-risperidone-and-aripiprazole
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jaime Osuna-Luque, Ángel Rodríguez-Ramos, María Del Mar Gámez-Del-Estal, Manuel Ruiz-Rubio
The neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin participate in specific behavioral neuromuscular mechanisms in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Dopamine is involved in the gentle touch response and serotonin in the pharyngeal pumping rate. In its genome, the worm presents genes encoding dopamine and serotonin receptors orthologous to those of human genes. Risperidone and aripiprazole are a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics commonly used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism...
2018: Journal of Experimental Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30099093/ezh1-is-an-antipsychotic-sensitive-epigenetic-modulator-of-social-and-motivational-behavior-that-is-dysregulated-in-schizophrenia
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea L Johnstone, Jiaqi J O'Reilly, Annika J Patel, Zhihong Guo, Nadja S Andrade, Marco Magistri, Lubov Nathanson, Rustam Esanov, Brooke H Miller, Gustavo Turecki, Shaun P Brothers, Zane Zeier, Claes Wahlestedt
BACKGROUND: With the capacity to modulate gene networks in an environmentally-sensitive manner, the role of epigenetic systems in mental disorders has come under intense investigation. Dysregulation of epigenetic effectors, including microRNAs and histone-modifying enzymes, may better explain the role of environmental risk factors and the observed heritability rate that cannot be fully attributed to known genetic risk alleles. Here, we aimed to identify novel epigenetic targets of the schizophrenia-associated microRNA 132 (miR-132)...
November 2018: Neurobiology of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30038413/chronic-clozapine-treatment-restrains-via-hdac2-the-performance-of-mglu2-receptor-agonism-in-a-rodent-model-of-antipsychotic-activity
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mario de la Fuente Revenga, Daisuke Ibi, Travis Cuddy, Rudy Toneatti, Mitsumasa Kurita, Maryum K Ijaz, Michael F Miles, Jennifer T Wolstenholme, Javier González-Maeso
Preclinical findings in rodent models pointed toward activation of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptors as a new pharmacological approach to treat psychosis. However, more recent studies failed to show clinical efficacy of mGlu2/3 receptor agonism in schizophrenia patients. We previously proposed that long-term antipsychotic medication restricted the therapeutic effects of these glutamatergic agents. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying the potential repercussion of previous antipsychotic exposure on the therapeutic performance of mGlu2/3 receptor agonists...
July 7, 2018: Neuropsychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29589131/recent-progress-in-pharmacogenomics-of-antipsychotic-drug-response
#38
REVIEW
Jian-Ping Zhang, Anil K Malhotra
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) of antipsychotic drug response is an active area of research in the past few years. We reviewed recent PGx studies with an emphasis of development of new methodologies and new research directions. RECENT FINDINGS: Traditional candidate gene approach continues to generate evidence to support the associations of antipsychotic response with genes coding for drug targets such as DRD2. Genome-wide association studies have found a few novel genes that may be associated with drug efficacy and adverse events...
March 27, 2018: Current Psychiatry Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29499474/dna-methylation-of-ankk1-and-response-to-aripiprazole-in-patients-with-acute-schizophrenia-a-preliminary-study
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Itaru Miura, Yasuto Kunii, Mizuki Hino, Hiroshi Hoshino, Junya Matsumoto, Keiko Kanno-Nozaki, Sho Horikoshi, Haruka Kaneko, Miki Bundo, Kazuya Iwamoto, Hirooki Yabe
Epigenetic modification including DNA methylation may affect pathophysiology and the response to antipsychotic drugs in patients with schizophrenia. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the DNA methylation of ANKK1 (ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1) on the response to aripiprazole and plasma levels of monoamine metabolites in antipsychotic-free acute schizophrenia patients. The subjects were 34 Japanese patients with schizophrenia who had been treated with aripiprazole for 6 weeks...
May 2018: Journal of Psychiatric Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29448178/modification-of-the-association-between-antipsychotic-treatment-response-and-childhood-adversity-by-mmp9-gene-variants-in-a-first-episode-schizophrenia-cohort
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathaniel McGregor, Nicole Thompson, Kevin Sean O'Connell, Robin Emsley, Lize van der Merwe, Louise Warnich
Antipsychotics remain the most effective, and wide used option for ameliorating the symptoms of schizophrenia. However, inter-individual differences in treatment outcome are vast and suggest a role for genetic and environmental factors in affording favourable outcomes. A notable epigenetic relationship which has gained considerable traction in recent literature is the way in which the severity of childhood trauma can modify associations seen between genetic variation and antipsychotic treatment response. A potential mechanism of action which may facilitate this relationship is synaptic plasticity...
April 2018: Psychiatry Research
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