Disinhibit eat

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) contribute significantly to global health burdens. Identifying disease markers for these comorbid disorders can increase understanding of pathogenesis and improve screening and intervention strategies. This study examined the association of physical health factors with MDD and MDD + GAD, across sexes. METHODS: Two samples of participants from the Tulsa-1000 study (exploratory cohort: N = 136; confirmatory cohort: N = 185) completed body composition measurements, eating behavior (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire [TFEQ], Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale [EDDS]), exercise questionnaires, and a blood draw...

BACKGROUND: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are often overlooked and under-identified symptoms associated with dementia, despite their significant impact on the prognosis of individuals living with the disease. The specific role of certain NPS in functional prognosis remains unclear. AIMS: To determine the association of different NPS with functional decline in people living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Lewy body dementia (LBD). METHODS: This is an analysis of data from the Dementia Study of Western Norway (DemVest) with 196 patients included of which 111 had AD and 85 LBD...

BACKGROUND: Previous data from a 2-year randomized controlled trial (CRAD001ADE12) indicated that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition by everolimus slowed cyst growth in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). During the trial, we noted body weight loss in some patients, particularly in women. We hypothesized that everolimus causes body weight reduction by reduced food intake and/or metabolic changes, which could lead to cachexia. METHODS: Within a sub-analysis of the CRAD001ADE12 trial, body weight course was investigated regarding sex-specific differences in 433 adult ADPKD patients (everolimus, n = 215; placebo, n = 218)...

Human musicality exhibits the necessary hallmarks for biological adaptations. Evolutionary explanations focus on recurrent adaptive problems that human musicality possibly solved in ancestral environments, such as mate selection and competition, social bonding/cohesion and social grooming, perceptual and motor skill development, conflict reduction, safe time-passing, transgenerational communication, mood regulation and synchronization, and credible signaling of coalition and territorial/predator defense. Although not mutually exclusive, these different hypotheses are still not conceptually integrated nor clearly derived from independent principles...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the influence of caregiver type (CT; ex. spouse, child, etc.) on the association among neuropsychiatric symptoms using the caregiver-endorsed Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and a sample from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database. METHOD: The selected sample (n = 12,337) includes those aged 50+ with complete baseline data for the NPI-Q and caregiver relationship. Included participants had ≥1 NPI-Q symptom(s) endorsed and a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia with Alzheimer's disease as the primary or contributing cause...

BACKGROUND: Various mental health and eating behavior variables have been independently associated with predicting weight loss in individuals with obesity. This study aims to investigate a mediation model that assesses the distinct contributions of these variables in predicting weight changes in patients with obesity following an outpatient behavioral weight loss intervention (BWLI). METHODS: General mental health (depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity), eating behavior (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger), eating disorder pathology, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed in a group of 297 patients with obesity at the admission of a BWLI program...

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate how the presence of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms in non-institutionalised patients with dementia is associated with caregiver burden of their informal caregivers, family members. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study on a total of 131 pairs of one informal caregiver family member and non-institutionalised patient with dementia in a family medicine practices in a city of Zagreb, Croatia. Caregiver measures included Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) whereas patient measures included Mini mental state examination (MMSE), Barthel index and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q)...

The vicious cycle model of obesity suggests that repeated habitual intake of a diet high in fat and sugar (HFS) results in impairment in hippocampal function which in turn increases impulsive behaviours, making it harder to resist unhealthy diet choices. Evidence from studies with rodents consistently show switching to a HFS diet impairs performance on hippocampally-sensitive memory tasks. The limited literature in humans also suggest impaired memory and increased impulsivity related to higher habitual HFS intake...

BACKGROUND: Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is an effective weight loss strategy. However, the accompanying changes in spontaneous neural activity are unclear, and the relationship among anthropometric measurements, biochemical indicators, and adipokines remains ambiguous. METHODS: Thirty-five obese adults were recruited and received a 2-month IER intervention. Data were collected from anthropometric measurements, blood samples, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at four time points...

There is individual variability in weight change in response to physical activity interventions. Secondary analyses explored whether there were differences in physical activity, dietary intake, and the domains of hunger, dietary disinhibition, or dietary restraint in response to different physical activity interventions and by pattern of weight change across 6 months of an intervention. Participants (N = 207; age: 44.8 ± 8.2 years; body mass index: 27.0 ± 1.7 kg/m2 ) were included in these secondary analyses...

INTRODUCTION: Food Addiction (FA) is a promising construct regarding the multifactorial aetiology of obesity and the search for therapeutic approaches. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the overlap/differentiation with eating disorders and the classification as a substance- or behaviour-related addiction. Energy-dense foods, especially those combining carbohydrates and fat, are associated with addictive eating and suspected of playing a role in the genesis of FA. This study aims to further understand the clinical significance of FA and to identify possible therapeutic targets...

INTRODUCTION: Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is linked to binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms and reduced self-efficacy, yet it unknown how changes in these factors may interrelate. The current study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of BED with IWS and eating self-efficacy among treatment-seeking adults with high body weight. Disinhibited eating was explored as a mediator. METHODS: Seventy-one adults with high weight and elevated IWS were included in this secondary analysis of a clinical trial that provided 26 weeks of behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment with (versus without) an additional IWS intervention...

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is characterized by heterogeneous frontal, insular, and anterior temporal atrophy patterns that vary along left-right and dorso-ventral axes. Little is known about how these structural imbalances impact clinical symptomatology. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of frontotemporal asymmetry (right- or left-lateralization) and dorsality (ventral or dorsal predominance of atrophy) and to investigate their clinical correlates. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and structural images were analyzed for 250 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia...

BACKGROUND: The food addiction model of binge-eating postulates that hyperpalatable food can sensitize the reward processing system and lead to elevated cue-elicited motivational biases towards food, which eventually become habitual and compulsive. However, previous research on food reward conditioning in individuals with binge-eating is scarce. The present study examined the Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) effects in individuals with recurrent binge-eating. It was hypothesized that hyperpalatable food would elicit specific transfer effects, i...

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying genetic predisposition to higher body mass index (BMI) remain unclear. METHODS: We hypothesized that the relationship between BMI-genetic risk score (BMI-GRS) and BMI was mediated via disinhibition, emotional eating and hunger, and moderated by flexible (but not rigid) restraint within two UK cohorts: the Genetics of Appetite Study (GATE) (n = 2101, 2010-16) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (n = 1679, 2014-18)...

BACKGROUND: Dietary restraint has been linked to deficits in the ability to recall detailed memories of personally experienced events (referred to as autobiographical memory specificity). As priming with healthy foods increases the salience of restraint it would be expected to lead to greater deficits in memory specificity. OBJECTIVE: To determine if priming word cues with images of healthy or unhealthy foods would influence the specificity of memory retrieval, and if deficits in memory specificity would be more evident in those reporting higher levels of dietary restraint, or currently dieting...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is a large variability between individuals in the weight loss response to any given diet treatment, which fuels interest into personalized or precision nutrition. Although most efforts are directed toward identifying biological or metabolic factors, several behavioral and psychological factors can also be responsible for some of this interindividual variability. RECENT FINDINGS: There are many factors that can influence the response to dietary weight loss interventions, including factors related to eating behavior (emotional eating, disinhibition, restraint, perceived stress), behaviors and societal norms related to age and sex, psychological and personal factors (motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, self-concept), and major life events...

INTRODUCTION: Whether a late distribution of food intake impacts obesity through increased energy intake remains uncertain and the behavioural characterization of late eating needs to be further investigated. The first objective of this study was to assess the associations between late eating and body mass index (BMI) and total energy intake (TEI), and whether TEI mediates the association between late eating and BMI. The second objective was to assess the associations between late eating and eating behaviour traits or psychosocial factors and whether eating behaviour traits mediate the association between late eating and TEI...

Disinhibited eating involves overconsumption and loss of control over food intake, and underpins many health conditions, including obesity and binge-eating related disorders. Stress has been implicated in the development and maintenance of disinhibited eating behaviours, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. In this systematic review, we examined how the impact of stress on the neurobiological substrates of food-related reward sensitivity, interoception and cognitive control explains its role in disinhibited eating behaviours...

OBJECTIVE: To attempt to identify persistent associations between sleep quality, symptoms of emotional and behavioral disturbances, and characteristics of eating behavior in obese adolescents based on a network analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 194 adolescents, aged 12-17 years (76 girls, 118 boys), with a confirmed diagnosis of obesity due to excess calories (ICD-10 code E66.0). Sleep quality was studied on the basis of the Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale (ASWS), emotional and behavioral disturbances were assessed with the Achenbach Youth Self-Report for Ages 11-18 (YSR), eating behavior - with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ)...