Strabismus, squint, amblyopia, strabismus surgery

BACKGROUND: Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a developmental disorder of unknown etiology. The classical features include: 1) a supravalvular aortic stenosis, 2) "elfin" facies and 3) mental deficiency. Ocular findings can be irisabnormalities (stellate, pattern), tortuositas vasorum and, though not essential for diagnosis, strabismus is commonly found. Three cases of WBS with convergent squint which underwent surgical treatment are presented. Biopsy and histological studies were performed in two cases...

The results of squint surgery in 118 children with non-paralytic childhood esotropia are analysed. A 'favourable outcome', defined as a final alignment within +/- 10 dioptres of straight, or within +/- 20 dioptres of straight if there was evidence of binocular single vision, was achieved in 86 (72.9%) children. The factors affecting the final outcome are discussed, including age of onset, age at the time of surgery, pre-operative and post-operative amblyopia, refractive error, anisometropia, the surgical procedures used, and post-operative ocular alignment...

PURPOSE: To follow the development of strabismic amblyopia longitudinally by comparing mean amplitudes and the visual spatial resolving ability of retinal and cortical pattern responses at various stages of postnatal development in unilateral iatrogenic convergent strabismic kittens. METHODS: Surgery to produce iatrogenic convergent strabismus was performed on 20 kittens at 3 weeks of age; three kittens were used for controls. The monocular transient pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) were recorded simultaneously on the 23 kittens throughout development...

The results of squint surgery in 42 children with primary, non-paralytic, childhood exotropia are analysed. A 'favourable outcome', defined as a final alignment for near and distance within +/- 10 dioptres of straight, or within +/- 20 dioptres of straight with evidence of binocular single vision, was achieved in 39 (93%) children. The factors affecting the final outcome are discussed, including age of onset, age at the time of surgery, preoperative and post-operative amblyopia, refractive error, anisometropia, the surgical procedures used, and postoperative ocular alignment...

PURPOSE: To answer the question, whether it is possible to achieve a functional improvement after strabismus surgery in adults. METHODS: The study comprised 71 patients, aged 13-53, in whom after strabismus surgery, deviation was reduced to +/- 4 degrees. The degree of binocular vision was examined with weak and strong dissociating tests. RESULTS: Complete binocular vision was achieved in 25% of cases, partial with peripheral fusion in 51%...

Case report of a now 9-year-old boy with a pronounced persistent pupillary membrane in both eyes combined with amblyopia and eccentric fixation in the right eye and a convergent squint. After surgery removing the persistent pupillary membrane in both eyes at the age of 4 years, pleoptics and orthoptics were applied. Visual acuity and eccentric fixation did not improve. Strabismic surgery was carried out with good cosmetic result. Aetiologically, one can assume a deprivation by the persisting pupillary membrane...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Four siblings in a family of five were found to be affected with hypermetropia in differing degrees and with differing effects. These were unilateral hypermetropia, producing amblyopia; hypermetropia inducing an accommodative esotropia with minimal amblyopia and fully controlled with glasses; hypermetropia producing an accommodative esotropia with a high AC/A ratio, fully controlled with bifocals; and hypermetropia producing esotropia which was only partially corrected with glasses, therefore partially accommodative, with a residual squint which required surgery...

Seventeen per cent of 216 cases of simple congenital ptosis developed amblyopia and 19% had a squint. Of those patients with amblyopia, 14% had amblyopia attributable to stimulus deprivation, 21% had anisometropic amblyopia and 51% had strabismic amblyopia. Early refraction, orthoptic assessment and treatment and, where the pupillary axis is occluded, surgery to prevent stimulus deprivation amblyopia are recommended.

The results of squint surgery in 40 children with congenital esotropia are analysed. A 'favourable outcome' was achieved in 23 (57.5%) children. The factors affecting the final outcome including ocular alignment in the immediate postoperative period, age at the time of surgery, amblyopia, associated inferior oblique overaction, dissociated vertical deviation, latent or manifest latent nystagmus, and the surgical procedures used are discussed.

Postoperative diplopia in cases of congenital strabismus or early onset occured in 5% of patients operated on in 1977. We cannot calculate the frequency of diplopia in children operated on up to the age of 9 years old (290 cases) since no child suffered from diplopia. Its incidence-5% (9 out of 177 cases) relates to patients older than 9 years at the time of surgery, 6 patients out of 20 cases with consecutive exotropia complained of diplopia (following revision surgery). Amblyopia - foveal or eccentric fixation-alone seems to be a less important risk than consecutive exotropia...