keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33173040/structural-basis-of-ion-transport-and-inhibition-in-ferroportin
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yaping Pan, Zhenning Ren, Shuai Gao, Jiemin Shen, Lie Wang, Zhichun Xu, Ye Yu, Preetham Bachina, Hanzhi Zhang, Xiao Fan, Arthur Laganowsky, Nieng Yan, Ming Zhou
Ferroportin is an iron exporter essential for releasing cellular iron into circulation. Ferroportin is inhibited by a peptide hormone, hepcidin. In humans, mutations in ferroportin lead to ferroportin diseases that are often associated with accumulation of iron in macrophages and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia. Here we present the structures of the ferroportin from the primate Philippine tarsier (TsFpn) in the presence and absence of hepcidin solved by cryo-electron microscopy. TsFpn is composed of two domains resembling a clamshell and the structure defines two metal ion binding sites, one in each domain...
November 10, 2020: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33171091/amphipithecine-primates-are-stem-anthropoids-cranial-and-postcranial-evidence
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J-J Jaeger, C Sein, D L Gebo, Y Chaimanee, M T Nyein, T Z Oo, M M Aung, K Suraprasit, M Rugbumrung, V Lazzari, A N Soe, O Chavasseau
Since their discovery in 1927, the phylogenetic status of the Myanmar amphipithecines has been highly debated. These fossil primates are recognized either as anthropoids or as adapiform strepsirrhines. This uncertainty was largely the consequence of a limited fossil record consisting mostly of jaw fragments but lacking the critical cranial elements that might resolve this debate. We report here cranial remains associated with an ulna from a single individual pertaining to the amphipithecine Ganlea megacanina ...
November 11, 2020: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33110195/comparative-ace2-variation-and-primate-covid-19-risk
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda D Melin, Mareike C Janiak, Frank Marrone, Paramjit S Arora, James P Higham
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has caused over a million human deaths and massive global disruption. The viral infection may also represent a threat to our closest living relatives, nonhuman primates. The contact surface of the host cell receptor, ACE2, displays amino acid residues that are critical for virus recognition, and variations at these critical residues modulate infection susceptibility. Infection studies have shown that some primate species develop COVID-19-like symptoms; however, the susceptibility of most primates is unknown...
October 27, 2020: Communications Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32879944/conserved-ube3a-subcellular-distribution-between-human-and-mice-is-facilitated-by-non-homologous-isoforms
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabella F Zampeta, Monica Sonzogni, Eva Niggl, Bas Lendemeijer, Hilde Smeenk, Femke M S de Vrij, Steven A Kushner, Ben Distel, Ype Elgersma
The human UBE3A gene, which is essential for normal neurodevelopment, encodes three Ubiquitin E3 ligase A (UBE3A) protein isoforms. However, the subcellular localization and relative abundance of these human UBE3A isoforms are unknown. We found, as previously reported in mice, that UBE3A is predominantly nuclear in human neurons. However, this conserved subcellular distribution is achieved by strikingly distinct cis-acting mechanisms. A single amino-acid deletion in the N-terminus of human hUBE3A-Iso3, which is homologous to cytosolic mouse mUBE3A-Iso2, results in its translocation to the nucleus...
September 2, 2020: Human Molecular Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32857263/brainstem-encephalitis-in-neuroborreliosis-typical-clinical-course-and-distinct-mri-findings
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Pfefferkorn, Joachim Röther, Bernd Eckert, Hendrik Janssen
OBJECTIVE: In this retrospective observational study and referring to a historical case presented in 2009, we searched for typical clinical and imaging features of brainstem encephalitis in neuroborreliosis. METHODS: In addition to the historical case we describe five affected patients. RESULTS: All patients had a very similar prolonged clinical course with unspecific symptoms such as wasting, fatigue and headache. Brainstem signs were irregularly observed...
February 2021: Journal of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32681352/three-decades-of-philippine-nonhuman-primate-studies-research-gaps-and-opportunities-for-philippine-primatology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lief Erikson Gamalo, Brian Sabanal, Andie Ang
The Philippines is considered a megadiverse country. However, there are few published studies on its nonhuman primate (NHP) species (Carlito syrichta, Macaca fascicularis, and Nycticebus menagensis). Understanding the nature and extent of existing NHP research in the Philippines would help us to determine research gaps and opportunities. Thus, studies on NHPs of Philippine origin were retrieved from online databases including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Primate Lit, the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), and relevant authors...
July 17, 2020: Primates; Journal of Primatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32440276/vocal-individuality-and-rhythm-in-male-and-female-duet-contributions-of-a-nonhuman-primate
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dena J Clink, Johny S Tasirin, Holger Klinck
Duetting, or the stereotypical, repeated and often coordinated vocalizations between 2 individuals arose independently multiple times in the Order Primates. Across primate species, there exists substantial variation in terms of timing, degree of overlap, and sex-specificity of duet contributions. There is increasing evidence that primates can modify the timing of their duet contributions relative to their partner, and this vocal flexibility may have been an important precursor to the evolution of human language...
April 2020: Current Zoology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32214331/identifying-genetic-relationships-among-tarsier-populations-in-the-islands-of-bunaken-national-park-and-mainland-sulawesi
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thalita Christiani Pingkan Sumampow, Myron Shekelle, Paul Beier, Faith M Walker, Crystal M Hepp
Eastern tarsiers (Tarsius tarsier complex) are small nocturnal primates endemic to Sulawesi Island and small adjacent islands of Indonesia. In 2004, the hybrid biogeography hypothesis predicted this species complex might contain 16 or more taxa, each corresponding to a region of endemism, based on: 1) geological evidence of the development of the archipelago, 2) biological evidence in the form of concordant distributions of monkeys and toads, and 3) the distribution of tarsier acoustic groups. Since then, 11 tarsier species have been recognized, potentially leaving more to be described...
2020: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32043166/living-in-small-spaces-forest-fragment-characterization-and-its-use-by-philippine-tarsiers-tarsius-syrichta-linnaeus-1758-in-mindanao-island-philippines
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simeon Gabriel F Bejar, Mariano Roy M Duya, Melizar V Duya, John Michael M Galindon, Bonifacio O Pasion, Perry S Ong
The Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) is a charismatic species that is threatened by illegal hunting and deforestation. Although they occur in forest and disturbed habitats, ecological information about them is still considerably lacking, which consequently hampers our ability to effectively protect tarsiers from further endangerment. Here, we characterized a 36-ha forest fragment in Mindanao Island where a population of tarsiers persist, and assessed the factors that could have influenced their distribution within the area...
February 10, 2020: Primates; Journal of Primatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31802627/comparative-dental-anatomy-in-newborn-primates-cusp-mineralization
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelsey Paddock, Larissa Zeigler, Brianna Harvey, Kristen A Prufrock, Jordan M Liptak, Courtney M Ficorilli, Russell T Hogg, Christopher J Bonar, Sian Evans, Lawrence Williams, Christopher J Vinyard, Valerie B DeLeon, Timothy D Smith
Previous descriptive work on deciduous dentition of primates has focused disproportionately on great apes and humans. To address this bias in the literature, we studied 131 subadult non-hominoid specimens (including 110 newborns) describing deciduous tooth morphology and assessing maximum hydroxyapatite density (MHD). All specimens were CT scanned at 70 kVp and reconstructed at 20.5 to 39 μm voxels. Grayscale intensity from scans was converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) density (mg HA/cm3 ) using a linear conversion of grayscale values to calibration standards of known HA density (R2  = 0...
December 4, 2019: Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31797447/successful-breeding-attempt-of-a-pair-of-philippine-tarsier-tarsius-syrichta-in-a-conservation-center-in-bilar-bohol-philippines-and-recommendations-for-tarsier-husbandry
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Milada Řeháková
The Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) belongs to the least known nocturnal primates. Tarsiers and remaining biodiversity of the Philippines are under tremendous threats from increasing human expansion, with habitat loss and illegal pet trade being the main reasons for tarsier population decline. In addition, even though the attempts were made by western and local facilities, tarsiers have not survived well in captivity. In this paper, I present an example of successful breeding of the Philippine tarsier in captive conditions but in natural climate...
December 2019: Zoo Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31762327/social-behavior-of-a-reproducing-pair-of-the-philippine-tarsier-tarsius-syrichta-in-captivity
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filip J Wojciechowski, Katarzyna A Kaszycka, Milada Řeháková
Social interactions of the nocturnal primates are not well studied. One of the species for which social behavior is scarcely known is the Philippine tarsier ( Tarsius [= Carlito ] syrichta ). We observed a reproducing pair of captive individuals over two mating seasons for two consecutive years. The tarsiers spent approximately 4% of their activity budget on social interactions; ca. 20% of time in 0-1 m proximity to each other; and shared sleeping sites for half of the study time. The majority of the animals' social interactions were peaceful: affiliative and sexual (83%), and the smallest component of the behavior was agonistic (17%)...
November 25, 2019: Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science: JAAWS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31416091/echolocation-in-a-nocturnal-primate
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharon Gursky
Recently it has been noted that Gursky's spectral tarsier emits ultrasonic calls. Because high-frequency sounds are capable of travelling only short distances, their function is limited by the distance the sound can be discerned. One possible function for these short-distance, high-frequency sounds is that they might be used by the tarsiers to navigate throughout their environment. I conducted this study at Tangkoko Nature Reserve in Sulawesi, Indonesia, from May to August 2017. Using the focal follows, I recorded the start of each locomotor activity to the nearest second...
August 15, 2019: Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31416071/cryptic-communication-in-a-montane-nocturnal-haplorhine-tarsius-pumilus
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nanda Bess Grow
Crypsis, including visual and auditory concealment, usually manifests in primates as an antipredator strategy. Other factors may also influence cryptic communication style, including habitat structure and phylogenetic history. Compared to less cryptic lowland Sulawesian tarsiers, montane pygmy tarsiers (Tarsius pumilus) exhibit a communication style that lacks scent marks and lower-frequency vocalisations. This study examines why auditory crypsis occurs in montane tarsiers more so than in larger tarsier species and presents the only known spectrograms of T...
August 15, 2019: Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31416062/nocturnal-primate-communication-ecology-evolution-and-conservation
#35
REVIEW
Sharon Gursky, K A I Nekaris
Auditory, visual and olfactory cues play varying roles in non-human primate communication, and these systems have been intensively studied over the last several decades. The use of vocalisations as a primary mode of communication has been the focus of much research, especially in attempts to understand the origins of human language, with a major focus on anthropoid primates and diurnal lemurs. Over the last decade, technological advances have allowed researchers to begin to conduct in-depth investigations into the communication systems exhibited by the nocturnal and cathemeral prosimian primates, including tarsiers, lemurs and lorises...
August 15, 2019: Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31321260/partial-mtdna-sequencing-data-of-vulnerable-cephalopachus-bancanus-from-the-malaysian-borneo
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhamad Aidil Zahidin, Norehan Abd Jalil, Nur Mukminah Naharuddin, Mohd Ridwan Abd Rahman, Millawati Gani, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah
Tarsier is an endangered nocturnal primate in the family Tarsiidae and is an endemic to Sundaic islands of Philippine ( Carlito syrichta ), Sulawesi ( Tarsius tarsier-complex) and Borneo ( Cephalopachus bancanus ). Recent records indicated that most molecular studies were done on the Eastern Tarsier and little information for the other group of tarsiers. Here, we present a partial cytochrome b data set of C. bancanus in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Standard mist nets were deployed at strategic locations in various habitat types...
August 2019: Data in Brief
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31148418/vertical-clinging-and-leaping-ahead-how-bamboo-has-shaped-the-anatomy-and-physiology-of-hapalemur
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Holden W Hemingway, Anne M Burrows, Kailey M Omstead, Sarah Zohdy, J Francisco Pastor, Magdalena N Muchlinski
Hapalemur sps. and Prolemur simus (bamboo lemurs, collectively) stand out among the relatively homogeneous lemurids because they are bamboo feeders and vertical clingers and leapers. This unique diet presents equally unique challenges, like its verticality, toughness, and toxicity. The bamboo lemurs share the generalized anatomy of the other lemurids, but also display some well-documented adaptations in their limb proportions to overcome the problems presented by bamboo. Soft tissue adaptations, however, remain largely unexplored...
May 30, 2019: Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30826810/activity-patterns-of-captive-philippine-tarsiers-tarsius-syrichta-differences-related-to-sex-and-social-context
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filip J Wojciechowski, Katarzyna A Kaszycka, Alexander M Wielbass, Milada Řeháková
Among tarsiers, nocturnal, obligatory faunivorous primates inhabiting islands of South-East Asia, the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius [= Carlito] syrichta) is one of the least studied. To date, activity patterns of this threatened species have not been the subject of any investigation. In the present study, we provide the first quantitative data on how captive male and female T. syrichta apportion their time for various activities in two social contexts: solitary and paired. We found that the sexes do not differ in activity budgets during the non-mating season, both spending most of their time scanning, resting, foraging and travelling...
March 1, 2019: Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30456442/genes-encoding-mammalian-oviductal-proteins-involved-in-fertilization-are-subjected-to-gene-death-and-positive-selection
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carla Moros-Nicolás, Sophie Fouchécourt, Ghylène Goudet, Philippe Monget
Oviductal proteins play an important role in mammalian fertilization, as proteins from seminal fluid. However, in contrast with the latter, their phylogenetic evolution has been poorly studied. Our objective was to study in 16 mammals the evolution of 16 genes that encode oviductal proteins involved in at least one of the following steps: (1) sperm-oviduct interaction, (2) acrosome reaction, and/or (3) sperm-zona pellucida interaction. Most genes were present in all studied mammals. However, some genes were lost along the evolution of mammals and found as pseudogenes: annexin A5 (ANXA5) and deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1) in tarsier; oviductin (OVGP1) in megabat; and probably progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) in tarsier, mouse, rat, rabbit, dolphin, and megabat; prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) in microbat; and plasminogen (PLG) in megabat...
December 2018: Journal of Molecular Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30221787/assessing-female-reproductive-status-of-spectral-tarsier-tarsius-tarsier-using-fecal-steroid-hormone-metabolite-analysis
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nanik Hidayatik, Muhammad Agil, Michael Heistermann, Entang Iskandar, Tuty L Yusuf, Dondin Sajuthi
The wild population of spectral tarsier is declining and attempts to breed the species in captivity have been of limited success. One possible reason for this is that information on the reproductive biology of Tarsius tarsier is extremely limited and data on the species reproductive physiology are completely lacking. We validated fecal estrogen (E-total) and progesterone metabolite (5-P-3OH) measurements for monitoring female ovarian activity and pregnancy. We used this approach to provide the first data on cycle and pregnancy length based on endocrine information in this species...
November 2018: American Journal of Primatology
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