keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37764334/a-novel-antimicrobial-peptide-dermaseptin-ss1-with-anti-proliferative-activity-isolated-from-the-skin-secretion-of-phyllomedusa-tarsius
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaonan Ma, Yuping Chen, Anmei Shu, Yangyang Jiang, Xiaoling Chen, Chengbang Ma, Mei Zhou, Tao Wang, Tianbao Chen, Chris Shaw, Lei Wang
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has severely increased the burden on the global health system, and such pathogenic infections are considered a great threat to human well-being. Antimicrobial peptides, due to their potent antimicrobial activity and low possibility of inducing resistance, are increasingly attracting great interest. Herein, a novel dermaseptin peptide, named Dermaseptin-SS1 (SS1), was identified from a skin-secretion-derived cDNA library of the South/Central American tarsier leaf frog, Phyllomedusa tarsius, using a 'shotgun' cloning strategy...
September 11, 2023: Molecules: a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37454197/distribution-and-abundance-of-peleng-tarsier-tarsius-pelengensis-in-banggai-island-group-indonesia
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fakhri Naufal Syahrullah, Un Maddus, Abdul Haris Mustari, Sharon Gursky, Mochamad Indrawan
The Peleng tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis) is poorly known primate, with a range limited to Banggai island-group, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. It was classified as "Endangered" by IUCN in 2017 based on extremely limited demographic and distributional data. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze data on the population and distribution of Peleng tarsiers. Surveys were conducted over approximately 5 months in 2017 and 2018 across Peleng and the neighboring islands of Banggai, Labobo, and Bangkurung...
July 15, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37282530/the-evolution-of-masturbation-is-associated-with-postcopulatory-selection-and-pathogen-avoidance-in-primates
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matilda Brindle, Henry Ferguson-Gow, Joseph Williamson, Ruth Thomsen, Volker Sommer
Masturbation occurs throughout the animal kingdom. At first glance, however, the fitness benefits of this self-directed behaviour are unclear. Regardless, several drivers have been proposed. Non-functional hypotheses posit that masturbation is either a pathology, or a byproduct of high underlying sexual arousal, whereas functional hypotheses argue an adaptive benefit. The Postcopulatory Selection Hypothesis states that masturbation aids the chances of fertilization, while the Pathogen Avoidance Hypothesis states that masturbation helps reduce host infection by flushing pathogens from the genital tract...
June 14, 2023: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36818731/an-immune-suppressing-protein-in-human-endogenous-retroviruses
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huan Zhang, Shengliang Ni, Martin C Frith
MOTIVATION: Retroviruses are important contributors to disease and evolution in vertebrates. Sometimes, retrovirus DNA is heritably inserted in a vertebrate genome: an endogenous retrovirus (ERV). Vertebrate genomes have many such virus-derived fragments, usually with mutations disabling their original functions. RESULTS: Some primate ERVs appear to encode an overlooked protein. This protein is homologous to protein MC132 from Molluscum contagiosum virus, which is a human poxvirus, not a retrovirus...
2023: Bioinform Adv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36550402/nsd1-gene-evolves-under-episodic-selection-within-primates-and-mutations-of-specific-exons-in-humans-cause-sotos-syndrome
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vanessa I Romero, Benjamin Arias-Almeida, Stefanie A Aguiar
BACKGROUND: Modern human brains and skull shapes differ from other hominids. Brain growth disorders as micro- (ASPM, MCPH1) and macrocephaly (NFIX, GLI3) have been highlighted as relevant for the evolution in humans due to the impact in early brain development. Genes associated with macrocephaly have been reported to cause this change, for example NSD1 which causes Sotos syndrome. RESULTS: In this study we performed a systematic literature review, located the reported variants associated to Sotos syndrome along the gene domains, compared the sequences with close primates, calculated their similarity, Ka/Ks ratios, nucleotide diversity and selection, and analyzed the sequence and structural conservation with distant primates...
December 22, 2022: BMC Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35757846/tarsier-islands-exploring-patterns-of-variation-in-tarsier-duets-from-offshore-islands-of-north-sulawesi
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dena J Clink, Isabel A Comella, Johny S Tasirin, Holger Klinck
Acoustic signals provide a model system for investigating the evolutionary processes that shape phenotypic diversity. Here we aim to investigate patterns of variation in tarsier duet phrases recorded from two mainland sites and eight offshore islands in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. We extracted features from the spectrograms of tarsier duet phrases and used a two-pronged approach to investigate patterns of variation in our data set. Previous work on other tarsier groups indicates that differences in duet features are related to species differentiation and our data set contained recordings from at least four genetically distinct tarsier groups...
June 27, 2022: American Journal of Primatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35560613/follow-your-nose-ontogeny-of-the-olfactory-duct-in-primates
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura K Haynes, Katheryn P Franklin, Timothy D Smith, Valerie B DeLeon
Most primates are characterized by orbital convergence, the displacement of the orbits toward the rostral midline. In platyrrhine primates and tarsiers, this convergence is so extreme that orbits meet in the midline at the apical interorbital septum. This produces a spatial separation of the anterior cranial fossa and the nasal cavity. The olfactory bulbs of the brain pass dorsal and then rostral to the orbits to reach the nasal cavity via a bony tube, the olfactory duct. Nerves are expected to constrain growth of musculoskeletal structures...
May 2022: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35556878/subarcuate-fossa-anatomy-as-an-indicator-of-future-locomotor-behavior-in-newborn-primates
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Molly L Militello, Emily R Bryson, Timothy D Smith, Valerie B DeLeon
Previous studies have demonstrated a link between subarcuate fossa size and locomotor behavior in primates. This fossa contains the petrosal portion of the paraflocculus, a portion of the brain associated with mobility and motor control. Studies have determined that the size of the fossa is larger in primate species that have more complex forms of locomotion. This study tested whether size of the subarcuate fossa in newborns predicts adult locomotor behavior. The sample included adult and newborn individuals of species representing strepsirrhine, tarsier, and platyrrhine primates...
May 2022: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35556083/brain-shape-provides-a-structural-mechanism-for-postorbital-septation-in-primates
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valerie B DeLeon, Katheryn P Franklin, Andreana S Cunningham, Siobhan A Summers, Emily R Bryson, Christopher J Vinyard, Timothy D Smith
Postorbital septation is a character that unites haplorhine primates. As a result, evidence of postorbital septation is expected for fossil primates that may be ancestral to both modern tarsiers and modern anthropoids. Our previous work on newborn primates has indicated that postorbital septation in tarsiers is secondary to growth of their large eyes. If this is the case, postorbital septation is convergent in tarsiers and anthropoids, and therefore should not be expected in their fossil ancestors. Here, we used morphometric analysis of the cranium and endocast of newborn and adult primates to show that postorbital septation in the order Primates may be explained by shape of the brain...
May 2022: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35552551/an-ancestral-genomic-sequence-that-serves-as-a-nucleation-site-for-de-novo-gene-birth
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas Delihas
The process of gene birth is of major interest with current excitement concerning de novo gene formation. We report a new and different mechanism of de novo gene birth based on the finding and the characteristics of a short non-coding sequence situated between two protein genes, termed a spacer sequence. This non-coding sequence is present in genomes of Mus musculus, the house mouse and Philippine tarsier, a primitive ancestral primate. The ancestral sequence is highly conserved during primate evolution with certain base pairs totally invariant from mouse to humans...
2022: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35350878/small-odd-and-old-the-mysterious-tarsius-pumilus-is-the-most-basal-sulawesi-tarsier
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Hagemann, Nanda Grow, Yvonne E-M B Bohr, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah, Yulius Duma, Sharon L Gursky, Stefan Merker
In this study, we present the first genetic evidence of the phylogenetic position of Tarsius pumilus, the mountain tarsier of Sulawesi, Indonesia . This mysterious primate is the only Eastern tarsier species that occurs exclusively in cloud forests above 1800 m.a.s.l. It exhibits striking morphological peculiarities-most prominently its extremely reduced body size, which led to the common name of 'pygmy tarsier'. However, our results indicate that T. pumilus is not an aberrant form of a lowland tarsier, but in fact, the most basal of all Sulawesi tarsiers...
March 2022: Biology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34679832/the-tongue-in-three-species-of-lemurs-flower-and-nectar-feeding-adaptations
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan Francisco Pastor, Magdalena Natalia Muchlinski, Josep Maria Potau, Aroa Casado, Yolanda García-Mesa, Jose Antonio Vega, Roberto Cabo
The mobility of the primate tongue allows for the manipulation of food, but, in addition, houses both general sensory afferents and special sensory end organs. Taste buds can be found across the tongue, but the ones found within the fungiform papillae on the anterior two thirds of the tongue are the first gustatory structures to come into contact with food, and are critical in making food ingestion decisions. Comparative studies of both the macro and micro anatomy in primates are sparse and incomplete, yet there is evidence that gustatory adaptation exists in several primate taxa...
September 27, 2021: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34533866/redefining-varicose-projection-astrocytes-in-primates
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carmen Falcone, Erin L McBride, William D Hopkins, Patrick R Hof, Paul R Manger, Chet C Sherwood, Stephen C Noctor, Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
Varicose projection astrocytes (VP-As) are found in the cerebral cortex and have been described to be specific to humans and chimpanzees. To further examine the phylogenetic distribution of this cell type, we analyzed cortical tissue from several primates ranging from primitive primates to primates evolutionary closer to human such as apes. We specifically analyzed tissue from four strepsirrhine species, one tarsier, six species of platyrrhine monkeys, ten species of cercopithecoid monkeys, two hylobatid ape species, four to six cases each of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan, and thirteen human...
September 17, 2021: Glia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34450623/parallel-independent-losses-of-g-type-lysozyme-genes-in-hairless-aquatic-mammals
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoqing Zhang, Hai Chi, Gang Li, David M Irwin, Shuyi Zhang, Stephen J Rossiter, Yang Liu
Lysozyme enzymes provide classic examples of molecular adaptation and parallel evolution, however, nearly all insights to date come from c-type lysozymes. G-type lysozymes occur in diverse vertebrates, with multiple independent duplications reported. Most mammals possess two g-type lysozyme genes (Lyg1 and Lyg2), the result of an early duplication, although some lineages are known to have subsequently lost one copy. Here we examine g-type lysozyme evolution across > 250 mammals, and reveal widespread losses of either Lyg1 or Lyg2 in several divergent taxa across the mammal tree of life...
August 27, 2021: Genome Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34232824/tarsier-anterior-chamber-cell-grading-improving-the-sun-grading-scheme-with-a-visual-analog-scale
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marc D de Smet, Daphne Haim-Langford, Ron Neumann, Michal Kramer, Emmett Cunningham, Lisa Deutsch, Zohar Milman
Purpose : To compare an analog visual scale in grading anterior chamber cells (ACC) to a modified Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) ACC scale. Method: A graphical representation of anterior chamber cells as a reference and a test set was created and shown to two groups of experienced uveitis experts. Group 1 was given the analog scale in written format, while group two was given the reference images for comparison. Each test subject was asked to provide the best approximation for each grade. Results: Eleven graders participated in phase 1...
July 7, 2021: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34203920/insights-into-the-role-of-the-discontinuous-tm7-helix-of-human-ferroportin-through-the-prism-of-the-asp325-residue
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marlène Le Tertre, Ahmad Elbahnsi, Chandran Ka, Isabelle Callebaut, Gérald Le Gac
The negatively charged Asp325 residue has proved to be essential for iron export by human (HsFPN1) and primate Philippine tarsier (TsFpn) ferroportin, but its exact role during the iron transport cycle is still to be elucidated. It has been posited as being functionally equivalent to the metal ion-coordinating residue His261 in the C-lobe of the bacterial homolog BbFpn, but the two residues arise in different sequence motifs of the discontinuous TM7 transmembrane helix. Furthermore, BbFpn is not subject to extracellular regulation, contrary to its mammalian orthologues which are downregulated by hepcidin...
June 15, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33862059/parasite-community-structure-in-sympatric-bornean-primates
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liesbeth Frias, Hideo Hasegawa, Tock H Chua, Symphorosa Sipangkui, Danica J Stark, Milena Salgado-Lynn, Benoit Goossens, Kenneth Keuk, Munehiro Okamoto, Andrew J J MacIntosh
Parasites are important components of ecosystems, influencing trophic networks, competitive interactions and biodiversity patterns. Nonetheless, we are not nearly close to disentangling their complex roles in natural systems. Southeast Asia falls within global areas targeted as most likely to source parasites with zoonotic potential, where high rates of land conversion and fragmentation have altered the circulation of wildlife species and their parasites, potentially resulting in altered host-parasite systems...
April 13, 2021: International Journal for Parasitology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33719332/pinpointing-the-prdm9-prdm7-gene-duplication-event-during-primate-divergence
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sacha Heerschop, Zahra Fagrouch, Ernst J Verschoor, Hans Zischler
Studies on the function of PRDM9 in model systems and its evolution during vertebrate divergence shed light on the basic molecular mechanisms of hybrid sterility and its evolutionary consequences. However, information regarding PRDM9 -homolog, PRDM7 , whose origin is placed in the primate evolutionary tree, as well as information about the fast-evolving DNA-binding zinc finger array of strepsirrhine PRDM9 are scarce. Thus, we aimed to narrow down the date of the duplication event leading to the emergence of PRDM7 during primate evolution by comparing the phylogenetic tree reconstructions of representative primate samples of PRDM orthologs and paralogs...
2021: Frontiers in Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33674876/identifying-primate-ace2-variants-that-confer-resistance-to-sars-cov-2
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maloyjo Joyraj Bhattacharjee, Jinn-Jy Lin, Chih-Yao Chang, Yu-Ting Chiou, Tian-Neng Li, Chia-Wei Tai, Tz-Fan Shiu, Chi-An Chen, Chia-Yi Chou, Paromita Chakraborty, Yan Yuan Tseng, Lily Hui-Ching Wang, Wen-Hsiung Li
SARS-CoV-2 infects humans through the binding of viral S-protein (spike protein) to human ACE2 (angiotensin I converting enzyme 2). The structure of the ACE2-S-protein complex has been deciphered and we focused on the 27 ACE2 residues that bind to S-protein. From human sequence databases, we identified 9 ACE2 variants at ACE2-S-protein binding sites. We used both experimental assays and protein structure analysis to evaluate the effect of each variant on the binding affinity of ACE2 to S-protein. We found one variant causing complete binding disruption, two and three variants, respectively, strongly and mildly reducing the binding affinity, and two variants strongly enhancing the binding affinity...
March 1, 2021: Molecular Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33391812/adherence-to-menzerath-s-law-is-the-exception-not-the-rule-in-three-duetting-primate-species
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dena J Clink, Allison R Lau
Across diverse systems including language, music and genomes, there is a tendency for longer sequences to contain shorter constituents; this phenomenon is known as Menzerath's Law. Whether Menzerath's Law is a universal in biological systems, is the result of compression (wherein shortest possible strings represent the maximum amount of information) or emerges from an inevitable relationship between sequence and constituent length remains a topic of debate. In non-human primates, the vocalizations of geladas, male gibbons and chimpanzees exhibit patterns consistent with Menzerath's Law...
November 2020: Royal Society Open Science
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