CASUS

A clinical, evidence-based model to inform clients and their parents about the nature of stuttering is indispensable for the field. In this paper, we propose the Erasmus Clinical Model of Stuttering 2.0 for children who stutter and their parents, and adult clients. It provides an up-to-date, clinical model summary of current insights into the genetic, neurological, motoric, linguistic, sensory, temperamental, psychological and social factors (be it causal, eliciting, or maintaining) related to stuttering. First a review is presented of current insights in these factors, and of six scientific theories or models that have inspired the development of our current clinical model...

Hereditary connective tissue disorders are a broad group of congenital disorders that are characterized by a pathological weakness of the connective tissue as a result of an incorrect genesis, leading to multisystem complaints. We describe a 14-year-old patient with the hereditary connective tissue disorder Loeys-Dietz syndrome who was admitted to a child psychiatric crisis unit because of depressive and anxiety symptoms. A systematic literature search was carried out to analyze the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with hereditary connective tissue disorders Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome, to identify a possible association between these disorders and explanations for this...

OBJECTIVE: The most important casuse of cervical cancer incidence and high mortality rate is infection to the human papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of silencing HPV E6 oncogene on cervical cancer cells using specific siRNAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CaSki cervical cancer cells, carrying E6 gene, were cultured and then transfected with E6 targeting siRNAs. The cell viability through suppression of E6 expression was explored using MTT assay...

BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare Cardiac Surgery Score (CASUS) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scoring systems for predicting mortality in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Between January 2019 and March 2019, a total of 204 patients (166 males, 38 females; mean age: 60.5±0.7 years; range, 59.2 to 61.9 years) who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting and were monitored at least for 24 h in the intensive care unit postoperatively were included...

Unguis incarnatus (ingrown toenail) is a common problem in daily practice. Persons with unguis incarnatus stage two and three are often referred for surgical partial nail excision, however conservative treatment or minimal-invasive alternatives exist. In the latest Dutch guideline for ingrown toenails, there is minimal attention to these alternatives. A podiatrist can do a spiculectomy and places a bilateral orthonyxia (nail brace) or tamponnade afterwards. This treatment option was studied in a prospective cohort study in 88 persons with high risk for wound healing problems and was found to be a safe and effective treatment option...

Diffuse venous malformations (VMs) are relatively rare, especially the lesions locting special anatomical sites, and they are prone to casuse localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC). Diffuse VMs can also cause bleeding and life-threatening disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) from trauma, surgery, and improper treatments. Thus, the treatment of diffuse VMs with LIC is quite tough. We report of a diffuse VMs with severe LIC that was treated with the combined use of minimally invasive treatment and open surgery...

We describe a case of a geriatric patient with repeated hepatotoxicity after (re)start of atorvastatin. We also noticed an increased effect, a fast decline of LDL-cholesterol, after intake of atorvastatin. The intake of rosuvastatin or low dose lovastatin was not associated with hepatotoxicity. Multiple hypotheses were investigated and applied on the case. Genetic testing of statin transporters and CYP-enzymes and medication interactions could not explain the hepatotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: In undergraduate medical education virtual patients (VPs) are a suitable method to teach clinical reasoning and support the visualization of this thinking process in a safe environment. The aim of our study was to investigate differences in the clinical reasoning process and diagnostic accuracy of female and male medical students. METHODS: During the summer term 2020, we provided access to 15 VPs for undergraduate students enrolled in a medical school in Bavaria, Germany...

Background: Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the medical faculties in the Federal Republic of Germany converted their curricula to digital formats on a large scale and very quickly in spring 2020 as an emergency measure. At the same time, a start was made on the nationwide exchange of digital teaching/learning materials via the online platform "LOOOP share" in order to save local resources. Among other things, virtual patient cases (VP) were shared across faculties for case-based learning, through which students can acquire clinical decision-making skills...

BACKGROUND: A variety of factors influence bladder health, including environmental factors, life experiences, biologic foundations, and coexistent medical conditions. A biologically diverse microbial community exists in the urine that is likely influenced by the microbial inhabitants of the vagina. The relationship between the genitourinary (GU) microbiome and self-perceived bladder health is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To longitudinally define the GU microbiome in women with self-percieved bladder health sampled across multiple time points over a year...

BACKGROUND: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is one of the most mortal cardiovascular diseases and requires urgent diagnosis and surgery. The patient's clinical findings, complications, and patient's history are closely related to mortality rates. Cardiac surgery score (CASUS) is a scoring system which is calculated by considering the special pathophysiological conditions of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and predicts post-operative results with high accuracy. METHODS: Following the ethical approval from institutional ethics committee (ID: 2021/7/496), the data of consecutive 50 ATAAD patients who underwent emergent surgery in our hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020, were evaluated...

Medical students generally express a low interest in Occupational Medicine. We aimed to assess the attitudes and changes in attitudes of students towards this area after completing a course on Occupational Medicine in two Medical Universities in Spain (Zaragoza and Castilla-La Mancha). The teaching method included blended learning as a model that used online virtual patient platforms (CASUS) and/or EMUTOM, as well as traditional methods such as face-to-face teaching. A total of 526 students (98 of whom attended the University of Castilla-La Mancha) participated during three academic years (2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018)...

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to look at the Cardiac Surgery Score (CASUS) assessment after cardiac surgery, and compare it with the intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and morbidity, in a racially diverse group of patients, in a single center. DESIGN: Clinical retrospective study analyzing data from 319 patients over a 1-year duration. SETTING: Cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU) of a tertiary care center. PARTICIPANTS: All patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 1 and December 31, 2017...

BACKGROUND: The Cardiac Surgery Score (CASUS) was developed to assist in predicting post-cardiac surgery mortality using parameters measured in the intensive care unit. It is calculated by assigning points to ten physiologic variables and adding them to obtain a score (additive CASUS), or by logistic regression to weight the variables and estimate the probability of mortality (logistic CASUS). Both additive and logistic CASUS have been externally validated elsewhere, but not yet in the United States of America (USA)...

Metal oxide-based materials are attractive anode candidates for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high theoretical capacity. However, these materials suffer from large volume expansion and poor stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the charge-discharge process, casusing rapid capacity degradation. Herein, we report that Li3 PO4 -rooted and intact SEI in situ formed on the phosphate-modified SnO2 /CNFs during cycling. The phosphate anions in the anode, could serve as the root to form Li3 PO4 by bonding with Li ions and participate in the formation of the SEI, thus firmly anchoring and stabilizing the SEI layer...

The review highlights the features of molecular, morphological and anatomical organization of the vitreous body in normal human eyes and in eyes with elongated anterior-posterior axis. The molecular structure of the vitreous consists of various types of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. The lowest concentration of collagen fibrils is in the central vitreous, so the structural changes of vitreous gel associated with attenuation of the vitreous body happen there much earlier and to a greater degree...

Although the manifestation of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is situated in adolescence and young adulthood, in clinical practice the diagnosis and treatment often get delayed until adulthood. Preliminary research shows good results for structured treatments in young people with BPD. Early intervention programs for BPD show promising results in improvement of the level of functioning. This case study of a fourteen-year-old girl with BPD illustrates early intervention within the program Helping Young People Early (HYPE)...

Los leiomiomas gástricos son tumoraciones submucosas benignas, poco comunes, que se originan del músculo liso. Clínicamente son asintomáticos, con buen pronóstico y con pocas complicaciones a largo plazo. Reportamos el caso de un joven de 16 años que se presenta a la clínica con melena y dolor abdominal. En la endoscopia se reporta una tumoración prepilórica, ulcerada y cubierta de fibrina. El estudio histopatológico mostró una neoplasia mesenquimal con positividad inmunohistoquimica para desmina y actina, así como negatividad para C-kit, DOG-1 y S-100, compatible con leiomioma gástrico...

Introduction . Cardiac Surgery Score (CASUS) was introduced in 2005 as the first postoperative scoring system specific for patients who had cardiac surgery. Prior to this, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) has been used preoperatively, while Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre Score (ICNARC) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, which are widely used in general intensive care unit population, have been used to score cardiac patients postoperatively...

Objective: ECG interpretation is prone to errors that can lead to relevant misdiagnoses and incorrect treatment. Prompts are one way in lectures to encourage learning from one's own mistakes and to reduce error rates. Prompts are measures such as questions, hints, and suggestions of content-related or metacognitive nature, which can lead to self-explanation in the learner and thus to a deeper understanding of an issue. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate whether the use of prompts can reduce the error rate in ECG interpretation among students...