"Digital x-ray"

BACKGROUND: The perforator flap has garnered significant interest since its inception due to its advantage of not needing a vascular network at the deep fascial level. Perforator flaps are commonly utilized in different flap transplant surgeries, and the thigh flap is presently the most widely used perforator flap. Is it possible for the calf to replace the thigh as a more suitable site for harvesting materials? Currently, there is a lack of relevant anatomical research. This study aims to address this question from an anatomical and imaging perspective...

BACKGROUND: A population-wide, systematic screening initiative for tuberculosis (TB) was implemented on Daru island in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, where TB is known to be highly prevalent. The initiative used a mobile van equipped with a digital X-ray device, computer-aided detection (CAD) software to identify TB-related abnormalities on chest radiographs, and GeneXpert machines for follow-on diagnostic testing. We describe the results of the TB screening initiative, evaluate its population-level impact and examine risk factors associated with TB detection...

Given that defect detection in weld X-ray images is a critical aspect of pressure vessel manufacturing and inspection, accurate differentiation of the type, distribution, number, and area of defects in the images serves as the foundation for judging weld quality, and the segmentation method of defects in digital X-ray images is the core technology for differentiating defects. Based on the publicly available weld seam dataset GDX-ray, this paper proposes a complete technique for fault segmentation in X-ray pictures of pressure vessel welds...

INTRODUCTION: Timor-Leste has one of the world's highest estimated tuberculosis (TB) incidences, yet the data which informs this estimate is limited and the true burden of TB disease is not known. TB prevalence surveys offer the best means of determining robust estimates of disease burden. This study aims to provide an estimate of the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB in Timor-Leste and provide additional insights into diagnostic coverage and health-seeking behaviour of persons with symptoms suggestive of TB...

OBJECTIVES: Children with cerebral palsy have weak muscles, which may impair postural adjustments. These postural adjustments are required for gait and dynamic balance during the daily living activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Cobb's angle and Formetric 4D surface topography system in evaluating spinal and pelvic deformity in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: One hundred children with spastic diplegia (6 to 8 years old) diagnosed as cerebral palsy participated in this study and selected from the Outpatient Clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy...

BACKGROUND: Digital X-ray imaging is essential for diagnosing osteoporosis, but distinguishing affected patients from healthy individuals using these images remains challenging. OBJECTIVE: This study introduces a novel method using deep learning to improve osteoporosis diagnosis from bone X-ray images. METHODS: A dataset of bone X-ray images was analyzed using a newly proposed procedure. This procedure involves segregating the images into regions of interest (ROI) and non-ROI, thereby reducing data redundancy...

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the image quality of chest radiographs obtained using a camera-type portable X-ray device is appropriate for clinical practice by comparing them with traditional mobile digital X-ray devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients who visited our emergency department and underwent endotracheal intubation, central venous catheterization, or nasogastric tube insertion were included in the study. Two radiologists scored images captured with traditional mobile devices before insertion and those captured with camera-type devices after insertion...

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the practicality of handheld digital X-ray in determining the position of the electrode array following Cochlear implantation (CI). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 11 patients (12 ears) who underwent intraoperative imaging via handheld X-ray (MINE ALNU®, OTOM, Gwangju, South Korea) post-CI between December 2021 and January 2023. Immediate confirmation of the correct electrode array placement in the cochlea was achieved, with subsequent comparisons made to C-arm image and postoperative transorbital view X-ray...

OBJECTIVE: The noise characteristics of digital X-ray imaging devices are determined by contributions such as photon noise, electronic noise, and fixed pattern noise, and can be evaluated from measuring the noise power spectrum (NPS), which is the power spectral density of the noise. Hence, accurately measuring NPS is important in developing detectors for acquiring low-noise digital X-ray images. To make accurate measurements, it is necessary to understand NPS, identify problems that may arise, and know how to process the obtained X-ray images...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Even though the Gaza Strip is a low pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) burden region, it is well-known that TB is primarily a socioeconomic problem associated with overcrowding, poor hygiene, a lack of fresh water, and limited access to healthcare, which is the typical case in the Gaza Strip. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the accuracy of the automatic software computer-aided detection for tuberculosis (CAD4TB) in diagnosing pulmonary TB on chest radiography and compare the CAD4TB software reading with the results of geneXpert...

PURPOSE: Provision of healthcare support at mass gathering sporting events is of paramount importance for the success of the event. Many of such events, like motorsports, have been increasingly taking place in remote and austere environments. In these settings, the use of first-line diagnostic tools, such as point of care ultrasound and portable X-ray, could aid in definitive care on the field for patients with minor trauma while also ensuring fast access to the appropriate level of care for patients requiring hospitalization...

OBJECTIVE: The cosmetically good coverage of skull defects is a challenge in neurosurgical clinics. In addition, the skull treated with implants and the underlying structures must remain radiologically assessable. In this examination, the postoperative courses of patients after implantation of CranioTop is described. Digital x-ray, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images after implantation of CranioTop were evaluated with regard to their assessability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2018 and 2020, 23 titanium cranioplasties (CranioTop) were implanted to 21 patients...

BACKGROUND: Extremities fractures are a leading cause of death and disability, especially in the elderly. Avulsion fracture are also the most commonly missed diagnosis, and delayed diagnosis leads to higher litigation rates. Therefore, this study evaluates the diagnostic efficiency of the artificial intelligence (AI) model before and after optimization based on computed tomography (CT) images and then compares it with that of radiologists, especially for avulsion fractures. METHODS: The digital X-ray photography [digital radiography (DR)] and CT images of adult limb trauma in our hospital from 2017 to 2020 were retrospectively collected, with or without 1 or more fractures of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle, and foot...

Exposure to ionizing radiation is an occupational risk for veterinarians due to the potential for carcinogenesis, reproductive disorders, cataracts, and hereditary genetic changes. This survey study aimed to identify the radiological protection practices routinely used by veterinarians who work with portable digital X-ray equipment in horses in Brazil and assess their knowledge regarding current legislation. A total of 120 voluntary participation questionnaires were sent to veterinarians who used portable digital radiographic equipment in horses nationwide...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3D)-printed hemi-pelvic prosthesis for revision of aseptic loosening or screw fracture of modular hemi-pelvic prosthesis. METHODS: Between February 2017 and January 2020, 11 patients with aseptic loosening or screw fracture of modular hemi-pelvic prosthesis were revised using 3D-printed hemi-pelvic prostheses. There were 7 males and 4 females with an average age of 44 years (range, 25-60 years). In the first operation, all patients underwent total tumor resection, modular hemi-pelvic prosthesis reconstruction, and autologous femoral head transplantation...

BACKGROUND: Accurately measuring the Cobb angle on radiographs is crucial for diagnosis and treatment decisions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, manual Cobb angle measurement is time-consuming and subject to measurement variation, especially for inexperienced clinicians. AIM: This study aimed to validate a novel artificial-intelligence-based (AI) algorithm that automatically measures the Cobb angle on radiographs. DESIGN: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study...

INTRODUCTION: The proportion of diagnostic images not applied for diagnostic purposes is an indicator of image quality, safety, and efficiency in radiography. Despite increased awareness, image reject is still a substantial problem and needs continued observation and targeted measures. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to estimate the extent, variation, and characteristics of image rejects, in order to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency in radiography. METHODS: All skeletal images at two digital X-ray rooms at two public hospitals in Norway were reviewed for four weeks in 2020...

SETTING: KNCV Nigeria implements seven key TB case-finding interventions. It was critical to evaluate the efficiency of these interventions in terms of TB yield to direct future prioritisation in the country. OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficiency of active case-finding (ACF) interventions for TB in Nigeria. DESIGN: Data from the 2020-2022 implementing period were analysed retrospectively. Intervention efficiencies were analysed using the number needed to screen (NNS), the number needed to test (NNT) and the true screen-positive (TSP) rate...

INTRODUCTION: The advancement of human spaceflight has made urgent the need to develop medical imaging technology to ensure a high level of in-flight care. To date, only ultrasound has been used in spaceflight. Radiography has multiple advantages over ultrasound, including lower operator dependence, more rapid acquisition, typically higher spatial resolution, and characterization of tissue with acoustic impedance precluding ultrasound. This proof-of-concept work demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of performing human radiographs in microgravity...