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Torgny Sunnerhagen, Amanda Törnell, Maria Vikbrant, Bo Nilson, Magnus Rasmussen
Background: Non-beta-hemolytic streptococci (NBHS) are a common cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Echocardiography is used to diagnose IE, but it is not known which patients with NBHS bacteremia should undergo echocardiography. Method: Medical records of patients with NBHS bacteremia in southern Sweden from 2012-2014 were studied retrospectively. The patients were divided into two cohorts. In the first, correlations between the reported data and IE were studied...
October 10, 2017: Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
#2
Yuying Liang, Xiuyun Yin, Jianmin Xu, Shuiping Chen
E. moniliforme infections in humans have not been reported previously. We firstly described blood-stream infections caused by E. moniliforme in an elder woman with fractures of her left thigh. This study highlights the strategies to detect this anaerobic pathogen and the importance of investigating its molecular epidemiology in humans.
October 1, 2017: Clinical Laboratory
#3
Jean Philippe Brouland, Nathalie Sala, Selin Tusgul, Caterina Rebecchini, Enikö Kovari
Bacillus cereus is a widely-distributed, gram-positive or variable, rod-shaped bacterium frequently considered a contaminant in clinical specimens. It is recognized as a potential pathogen inducing self-limiting emetic or diarrheal food poisoning or localized infection in immunocompetent patients. True B. cereus bacteremia is uncommon and mainly observed in fragile patients, notably in immunocompromised individuals. We report clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of a 64-year-old patient with a history of acute myeloid leukemia who initially presented a fever while neutropenic after the induction of a second cycle of chemotherapy...
October 16, 2017: Clinical Neuropathology
#4
Kevin M Kremer, Megan E McDonald, Michael J Goodheart
Uterine gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens is a serious, often life-threatening infection that is rarely encountered in the practice of gynecologic oncology. However, the hypoxic nature of gynecologic cancers due to necrosis and/or prior radiation therapy creates a microenvironment optimal for proliferation of anaerobic bacteria such as the Clostridium species. Early recognition and aggressive treatment with IV antibiotics and surgical debridement remain the cornerstones of management in order to decrease morbidity and mortality...
November 2017: Gynecologic Oncology Reports
#5
Yuan-Hao Liu, Wei-Shiang Lin, Yi-Chang Lin, Chih-Yuan Lin, Chien-Sung Tsai, Yi-Ting Tsai
BACKGROUND: Cardiac device-related infective endocarditis is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication. Therefore, cardiac devices should be removed as soon as a device-related infection is suspected. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old male with a history of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) 7 years earlier and re-implantation of ICDs due to dysfunction 18 months ago presented with erosion of the ICD pocket with Pseudomonas bacteremia...
July 2017: Acta Cardiologica Sinica
#6
Erin L Conway, Ken Lin, John A Sellick, Kari Kurtzhalts, James Carbo, Michael C Ott, Kari A Mergenhagen
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a listed penicillin allergy on the time to first dose of antibiotic in a Veterans Affairs hospital. Additional clinical outcomes of patients with penicillin allergies were compared with those of patients without a penicillin allergy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of veterans admitted through the emergency department with a diagnosis of pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and sepsis from January 2006 to December 2015 was conducted...
October 9, 2017: Clinical Therapeutics
#7
Alexandre Bedet, Keyvan Razazi, Florence Boissier, Mathieu Surenaud, Sophie Hue, Stéphane Giraudier, Christian Brun-Buisson, Armand Mekontso Dessap
BACKGROUND: Thrombocytopenia is a common feature of sepsis and may involve various mechanisms often related to the inflammatory response. This study aimed at evaluating factors associated with thrombocytopenia during human septic shock. In particular, we used a multiplex analysis to assess the role of endogenous sepsis mediators. METHODS: Prospective, observational study. Thrombocytopenia was defined as an absolute platelet count <100 G/L or a 50% relative decrease in platelet count during the first week of septic shock...
October 12, 2017: Shock
#8
Luke Watson, Darryl Dunn, Grant Fraser-Kirk
Rib osteomyelitis is an infrequently occurring but important complication of breast implant surgery. Although prosthetic or surgical site infection (SSI) and rib osteomyelitis as separate entities are well described in the literature, only five cases of rib or sternal osteomyelitis related to implant placement have been reported globally. Historically patients who experience this complication have not demonstrated an identifiable prevalence of the traditional risk factors associated with SSI or rib osteomyelitis...
October 12, 2017: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
#9
Xia Zheng, Jian-Feng Wang, Wang-Lan Xu, Jun Xu, Juan Hu
BACKGROUND: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) and carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (CSKp) bloodstream infections (BSIs), and to study the risk factors for development of CRKp BSI and K. pneumoniae BSI-related mortality. METHODS: A retrospective case control study of patients with K. pneumoniae BSI was conducted in the intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical of College, Zhejiang University from January 2013 to December 2014...
2017: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
#10
Thomas J Marrie, Gregory J Tyrrell, Sumit R Majumdar, Dean T Eurich
BACKGROUND: There are many case reports of septic arthritis complicating invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD); however, no study has compared patients with IPD with septic arthritis to those who didn't develop septic arthritis Thus, we aimed to determine the rates of, and risk factors for, septic arthritis in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). METHODS: Socio-demographic, clinical, and serological data were captured on all patients with IPD in Northern Alberta, Canada from 2000 to 2014...
October 12, 2017: BMC Infectious Diseases
#11
Bharat Maraj, Annsa Huang, Sajan Patel
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 9, 2017: American Journal of Medicine
#12
Léna Pasquier, Christian Chuard
Listeria monocytogenes infections are caused by food ingestion. They are not only transmitted by animal products, but also by secondarily contaminated fruits and vegetables. They preferentially affect pregnant women, patients of extreme ages and the immu-nocompromised, and manifest as a gastroenteritis, bacteremia, meningo-encephalitis or maternal-fetal infection. Diagnosis is achieved by culture of usually sterile sites. The preferred treatment is amoxicillin with or without gentamicin. For patients at risk, prevention is based on avoiding at-risk food or cooking it when possible...
October 11, 2017: Revue Médicale Suisse
#13
Toru Kawakami, Hideyuki Nakazawa, Yukifumi Kurasawa, Hitoshi Sakai, Sayaka Nishina, Noriko Senoo, Yasushi Senoo, Fumihiro Ishida
Eculizumab is the complement inhibitor administered to ameliorate intravascular hemolysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Whether or not the inhibitory mechanism may also increase the susceptibility to non-Neisserial infection is unclear. A 73-year old woman presented with bacteremia, cholecystitis and liver abscess with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although she had been neutropenic for 21 years, she had no history of severe infection before eculizumab had been administered. The infection with P. aeruginosa was successfully controlled with antibiotics, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and cholecystectomy...
October 11, 2017: Internal Medicine
#14
Ravi S Keshari, Robert Silasi, Cristina Lupu, Fletcher B Taylor, Florea Lupu
Sepsis concurrently activate both coagulation and complement systems. While complement activation by bacteria is well-documented, work in mice and in vitro suggests that coagulation proteases can directly cleave complement proteins. We aimed to determine if generation of coagulation proteases in vivo can activate the complement cascade in two highly coagulopathic models. We compared temporal changes in activation biomarkers of coagulation (thrombin-antithrombin, TAT), fibrinolysis (plasmin-antiplasmin, PAP) and complement (C3b, C5a, C5b-9) in baboons infused with factor Xa and phospholipids (FXa/PCPS) vs...
October 11, 2017: Blood
#15
Jun Suzuki, Teppei Sasahara, Masaki Toshima, Yuji Morisawa
BACKGROUND: Tsukamurella pulmonis is an aerobic gram-positive and rod-shaped organism that causes central catheter-related bloodstream infections in immunocompromised hosts. However, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related bloodstream infections due to this organism have not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a 48-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and diffuse large B cell lymphoma who received five courses of chemotherapy including rituximab , cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin hydrochloride , vincristine , and prednisone via a PICC...
October 11, 2017: BMC Infectious Diseases
#16
Diana Averbuch, Gloria Tridello, Jennifer Hoek, Malgorzata Mikulska, Hamdi Akan, Lucrecia Yanez San Segundo, Thomas Pabst, Tülay Özçelik, Galina Klyasova, Irene Donnini, Depei Wu, Zafer Gülbas, Tsila Zuckerman, Aida Botelho de Sousa, Yves Beguin, Aliénor Xhaard, Emmanuel Bachy, Per Ljungman, Rafael de la Camara, Jelena Rascon, Isabel Ruiz Camps, Antonin Vitek, Francesca Patriarca, Laura Cudillo, Radovan Vrhovac, Peter J Shaw, Tom Wolfs, Tracey O'Brien, Batia Avni, Gerda Silling, Firas Al Sabty, Stelios Graphakos, Marja Sankelo, Henrik Sengeloev, Srinivas Pillai, Susanne Matthes, Frederiki Melanthiou, Simona Iacobelli, Jan Styczynski, Dan Engelhard, Simone Cesaro
Background: This intercontinental study aimed to study Gram-negative rods (GNR) resistance in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: GNR bacteremias occurring during six months post-HSCT (February/2014-May/2015) were prospectively collected, and analysed for rates and risk factors for resistance to fluoroquinolones, non-carbapenem anti-Pseudomonas beta-lactams (non-carbapenems), carbapenems and multidrug-resistance (MDR). Results: Sixty-five HSCT centers from 25 countries (Europe, Australia, Asia) reported data on 655 GNR episodes/704 pathogens in 591 patients (Enterobacteriaceae, 73%; non-fermentatives, 24% and 3% others)...
July 26, 2017: Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
#17
Christina N Canzoneri, Bobak J Akhavan, Zehra Tosur, Pedro E Alcedo Andrade, Gabriel M Aisenberg
Background: Bloodstream infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia is typically transient and usually resolves rapidly after the initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy and source control. The optimal duration of treatment and utility of follow-up blood cultures (FUBC) have not been studied in detail. Currently, the management of Gram-negative bacteremia is determined by clinical judgment. To investigate the value of repeat blood cultures, we analyzed 500 episodes of bacteremia to determine frequency of FUBC and identify risk factors for persistent bacteremia...
July 26, 2017: Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
#18
Corrado Girmenia, Alice Bertaina, Alfonso Piciocchi, Alessandra Carotti, Alessandra Algarotti, Alessandro Busca, Chiara Cattaneo, Anna Maria Raiola, Stefano Guidi, Anna Paola Iori, Anna Candoni, Giuseppe Irrera, Giuseppe Milone, Giampaolo Marcacci, Rosanna Scimè, Maurizio Musso, Laura Cudillo, Simona Sica, Luca Castagna, Paolo Corradini, Francesco Marchesi, Domenico Pastore, Emilio Paolo Alessandrino, Claudio Annaloro, Fabio Ciceri, Stella Santarone, Luca Nassi, Claudio Farina, Claudio Viscoli, Gian Maria Rossolini, Francesca Bonifazi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Gruppo Italiano
Background: Gram-negative bacteremia (GNB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) and updated epidemiological investigation is advisable. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the epidemiology of pre-engraftment GNB in 1,118 allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) and 1,625 autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT) among 54 transplant centers during 2014 (SIGNB-GITMO-AMCLI study). Using logistic regression methods we identified risk factors for GNB and evaluated the impact of GNB on the 4-month overall-survival after transplant...
August 3, 2017: Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
#19
Sara C Keller, Deborah Williams, Mitra Gavgani, David Hirsch, John Adamovich, Dawn Hohl, Ayse P Gurses, Sara E Cosgrove
Background: To better monitor patients on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), we need an improved understanding of risk factors for and timing of OPAT-associated adverse drug events (ADEs). Methods: We undertook an analysis of a prospective cohort of patients discharged from two academic medical centers on OPAT. Patients underwent chart abstraction and a telephone survey. Multivariable analyses estimated adjusted incident rate ratios (aIRR) between clinical and demographic risk factors and clinician-determined clinically significant ADEs...
August 17, 2017: Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
#20
Joshua C Eby, Morgan M Richey, James A Platts-Mills, Amy J Mathers, Wendy M Novicoff, Heather L Cox
Background: Nucleic acid microarray (NAM) testing for detection of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) and S. aureus resistance gene determinants can reduce time to targeted antibiotic administration. Evidence-based management of SAB includes bedside Infectious Diseases (ID) consultation. As a healthcare improvement initiative at our institution, with the goal of improving management and outcomes for subjects with SAB, we implemented NAM with a process for responding to positive NAM results by directly triggered, mandatory ID consultation...
August 17, 2017: Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
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