Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, COPD

BACKGROUND: A Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) phenotype is a single or group of disease characteristics that describe differences between individuals based on clinically important factors such as symptoms, exacerbations, morbidity, and treatment responses. Many studies estimated the prevalence of various phenotypes, but very few studies looked into their quality of life. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of different COPD phenotypes and their disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)...

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a medical condition that encompasses several chronic, progressive, and severe respiratory illnesses, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is the 4th most deadly disease in the world and its prevalence is expected to increase. Despite the abundance of information on the disease's etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment possibilities, it has long been underdiagnosed and underreported for a long time, particularly in developing countries. The symptoms of COPD result in significant impairments and significant impact on quality of life...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased globally, climate and environment also have important effects on respiratory or allergic diseases. However, population-based studies investigating the impact of tropical climates and environments on migratory-bird old people (MBOP) are lacking. METHODS/DESIGN: For this prospective cohort study, we recruited 756 participants from the community in Sanya City, Hainan Province, China. In addition to the completed baseline survey, a follow-up survey will be conducted during the periods of October-December and March-April for the next 3 years of MBEPs from northern China who spend the winter in Sanya...

BACKGROUND: Some literature indicates an association between exposure to cadmium and lead and the presence of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which are the two primary components of COPD. Understanding whether there is a potential association between cadmium and lead exposure and higher mortality rates in individuals with COPD could provide profound insights into the long-term effects of these two metal exposures on human health. METHODS: This study included 2024 patients with COPD in the US from the NHANES from 1999 through 2016 who were followed up to 2019...

COPD is a heterogeneous disease, and its acute exacerbation is a major prognostic factor. We used cluster analysis to predict COPD exacerbation due to subtypes of mild-moderate airflow limitation. In all, 924 patients from the Korea COPD Subgroup Study cohort, with a forced expiratory volume (FEV1) ≥ 50% and documented age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, smoking pack-years, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, predicted post-bronchodilator FEV1, were enrolled. Four groups, putative chronic bronchitis (n = 224), emphysema (n = 235), young smokers (n = 248), and near normal (n = 217), were identified...

AIM: To investigate the association between periodontal diseases, airflow limitation and incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a large-scale prospective UK Biobank cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our approach comprised a cross-sectional study and a prospective cohort. Periodontal diseases were determined based on the participants' self-reported dental symptoms, including painful gums, bleeding gums and loose teeth. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of periodontal diseases with airflow limitation and incident COPD in the cross-sectional study and the prospective cohort, respectively...

The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report includes relevant topics from the clinician's perspective and evidence published on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) since GOLD 2017. The World Health Organization (WHO) and GOLD 2023 have developed an updated definition of COPD as, "a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, expectoration, exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airway (bronchitis, bronchiolitis) and/or alveoli (emphysema) that cause persistent, often progressive, airflow obstruction...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with disabling respiratory symptoms including dyspnea, frequent exacerbations and chronic bronchitis. The currently available pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have limited efficacy, necessitating the development of interventional strategies, many of them endoscopic. STATE OF THE ART: Endoscopic lung volume reduction has markedly increased over recent years, principally as regards the endobronchial valves currently used in routine care...

BACKGROUND: Increasing studies have shown that the imbalance of the respiratory microbial flora is related to the occurrence of COPD, the severity and frequency of exacerbations and mortality.However, it remains unclear how the sputum microbial flora differs during exacerbations in COPD patients manifesting emphysema phenotype, chronic bronchitis with emphysema phenotype and asthma-COPD overlap phenotype. METHODS: Sputum samples were obtained from 29 COPD patients experiencing acute exacerbations who had not received antibiotics or systemic corticosteroids within the past four weeks...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease with no effective treatment that can reduce mortality or slow the disease progression. COPD is the third leading cause of global death and is characterized by airflow limitations due to chronic bronchitis and alveolar damage/emphysema. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure (CS) damages airway and alveolar epithelium and remains a major risk factor for the pathogenesis of COPD. We found that the expression of caveolin-1, tumor suppressor protein; p53, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), one of the downstream targets of p53, were markedly increased in airway epithelial cells (AECs) as well as in type II alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells from the lungs of patients with COPD or wild-type mice with CS-induced lung injury (CS-LI)...

INSTITUTIONS: STONY BROOK MEDICAL CENTERRATIONALE: Lung Cancer screening for the high-risk smoking population has been proven to save lives. However, in 2022, 20% of newly diagnosed lung cancers (47,300) were in nonsmokers. These patients were found to be diagnosed at later stages. This may be at least partly due to not meeting criteria for and participating in current lung cancer screening. This study aims to describe characteristics of a never smoker patient population to help identify common risk factors which might merit inclusion in lung cancer screening and thus improve patient outcomes...

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) production, upregulated by inflammatory cytokines and mediators in central and peripheral airways, can be easily and non-invasively detected in exhaled air in asthma and other respiratory conditions as a promising tool for disease monitoring. The American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society released recommendations that standardize the measurement of the fractional exhaled NO (FeNO). In asthma, increased FeNO reflects eosinophilic-mediated inflammatory pathways and, as a biomarker of T2 inflammation can be used to identify asthma T2 phenotype...

Background and Objective: Presenting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients frequently report concurrent symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Few studies have shown a correlation between GERD and COPD. We aimed to examine the correlation between GERD and COPD as well as secondary related reflux complications, such as esophageal stricture, esophageal cancer, and Barrett's esophagus. Methods : This population-based analysis included 7,159,694 patients. Patients diagnosed with GERD with and without COPD were compared to those without GERD...

Cigarette smoke is one of the leading causes of oxidative stress due to high levels of free radicals, which in turn leads to the degradation of alveolar cell walls and development of emphysema. Cigarette smoking has been linked to chronic bronchitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and lung cancer as well. The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on TNF-α and MMPs mediated mucus hypersecretion in A549 cell line. The MTT experiments showed that CSE caused a dose-dependent decline in the level of viability of A549 cells...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is now the third cause of death worldwide and COVID-19 infection has been reported as an exacerbation factor of them. In this study, we report that the intratracheal administration of the keratan sulfate-based disaccharide L4 mitigates the symptoms of an elastase-induced emphysema in a mouse model. To know the molecular mechanisms, we performed a functional analysis of a C-type lectin receptor, langerin, a molecule that binds L4...

Objective: To understand the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Suzhou cohort, and explore the risk factors for the development of COPD in Suzhou, and provide a scientific basis for COPD prevention. Methods: This study was based on the China Kadoorie Biobank project in Wuzhong District, Suzhou. After excluding individuals with airflow obstruction and self-reported chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or pulmonary heart disease at baseline, 45 484 individuals were finally included in the analysis...

Whereas COPD is currently defined as the presence of spirometric obstruction, the pathologic changes in individuals at risk including chronic mucus hypersecretion and emphysema have been recognized for centuries. At the same time, we have struggled to define criteria that would help us identify patients at an early stage, prior to the development of pulmonary function abnormality. The concept of GOLD 0 was introduced in the hopes that symptoms would help to identify those at greatest risk for progression. While symptoms are a risk factor, in particular chronic bronchitis, the term was abandoned as the majority of individuals at risk who progress to COPD do not have symptoms...

Many patients suffer from complaints of dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, clinical symptoms that hallmark the structural abnormalities that are present in patients with COPD. Although pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic medical therapies help reduce these symptoms, many of these symptoms, especially dyspnea, remain unchecked and contribute to the burden of disease in patients with COPD. Over the last 3 decades, several surgical and interventional treatments delivered via a bronchoscopic approach have been developed to complement medical therapies and show promise to improve patient outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Identifying correlates of cause-specific mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may aid the targeting of therapies to reduce mortality. We determined factors associated with causes of death in a primary care COPD population. METHODS: Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum was linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and death certificate data. People with COPD alive between 1 January 2010 and 1 January 2020 were included...

The term GETomics has been recently proposed to illustrate that human health and disease are actually the final outcome of many dynamic, interacting and cumulative gene (G) - environment (E) interactions that occur through the lifetime (T) of the individual. According to this new paradigm, the final outcome of any GxE interactions depends on both the age of the individual at which such GxE interaction occurs as well as on the previous, cumulative history of previous GxE interactions through the induction of epigenetic changes and immune memory (both lasting overtime)...