Phosphocreatine

Dengue virus infection in humans, ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe infection with ∼2.5% overall disease fatality rate. Evidence of neurological manifestations is seen in the severe form of the disease, which might be due to the direct invasion of the viruses into the CNS system, but is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the aged AG129 mice are highly susceptible to dengue serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4, and following the adaptation, resulted in the generation of neurovirulent strains that showed enhanced replication, aggravated disease severity, increased neuropathogenesis, and high lethality in both adult and aged AG129 mice...

BACKGROUND: Phosphocreatine dynamics provide the gold standard evaluation of in-vivo mitochondrial function and is tightly coupled with oxygen availability. Low mitochondrial oxidative capacity has been associated with health issues and low exercise performance. METHODS: To evaluate the relationship between near-infrared spectroscopy-based muscle oxygen dynamics and magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based energy-rich phosphates, a systematic review of the literature related to muscle oxygen dynamics and energy-rich phosphates was conducted...

OBJECTIVES: The role played by medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the pathophysiology and the treatment of major depression (MD) is increasingly recognized. Although measurements of MPFC GABA and Glu have been shown to be sensitive to physiological fluctuations of female hormones, none of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) investigations of MPFC Glu and GABA in MD have controlled for possible bias effect of the reproductive stage of the women included...

PURPOSE: Previous studies investigating sinusoidal exercise were not devoted to an analysis of its energetics and of the effects of fatigue. We aimed to determine the contribution of aerobic and anaerobic lactic metabolism to the energy balance and investigate the fatigue effects on the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to sinusoidal protocols, across and below critical power (CP). METHODS: Eight males (26.6 ± 6.2 years; 75.6 ± 8...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, causing damage to the delicate retinal capillaries and potentially leading to visual impairment. While the exact underlying cause of DR remains elusive, compelling research suggests that mitochondrial energy deficiency and the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in its pathogenesis. Recognizing that controlling hyperglycemia alone fails to reverse the defects in retinal mitochondria induced by diabetes, current strategies seek to restore mitochondrial function as a means of safeguarding against DR...

AIM: We compared muscular metabolic stress during exercise performed at multiple intensities, from very low to moderate, with blood flow restriction (BFR) adjusted by the same work volume. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy young adults performed unilateral plantar flexion at 1 repetition/2 s in a magnetic resonance system. The BFR exercise protocols were as follows: (A) exercise with 10% of one repetition maximum (1-RM) for 360 s, (B) 15% 1-RM for 240 s, (C) 20% 1-RM for 180 s, (D) 30% 1-RM for 120 s, and (E) 40% 1-RM for 90 s...

Creatine is a nutritional compound that potentially influences cognitive processing and neuroprotection. Recent evidence has demonstrated that similar to neurotransmitters, creatine is released in an excitotoxic and action potential-dependent manner and acts as a neuromodulator. Creatine deficiency syndromes are characterized by severe mental and developmental disorders. Studies have reported that brain creatine content could be enhanced with creatine supplementation. Nevertheless, there is still limited knowledge about the effects of creatine on the central nervous system...

The overlapping peaks of the target chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) solutes and other unknown CEST solutes affect the quantification results and accuracy of the chemical exchange parameters-the fractional concentration, <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$$ {f}_{\mathrm{b}} $$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> , exchange rate, <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

BACKGROUND: Only few studies have focused on the metabolite differences between asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) and cognitively normal people living with HIV (PLWH). The current study aims to examine whether brain metabolisms in basal ganglia (BG) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were potential to discriminate ANI from cognitively normal PLWH. METHODS: According to neuropsychological (NP) test, 80 PLWH (37.4 ± 10.2 years) were divided into ANI group (HIV-ANI, n = 31) and NP normal group (HIV-normal, n = 49)...

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), the KRAS G12D -NRF2 axis controls cellular functions such as redox homeostasis and metabolism. Disruption of this axis through suppression of NRF2 leads to profound reprogramming of metabolism. Unbiased transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that PDAC cells with disrupted KRAS G12D -NRF2 signaling ( NRF2 -/- cells) shift from aerobic glycolysis to metabolic pathways fed by amino acids. Metabolome, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed a blockade of the urea cycle, making NRF2 -/- cells dependent on exogenous arginine for survival...

Monitoring the variation in phosphocreatine (PCr) levels following exercise provides valuable insights into muscle function. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has emerged as a sensitive method with which to measure PCr levels in muscle, surpassing conventional MR spectroscopy. However, existing approaches for quantifying PCr CEST signals rely on time-consuming fitting methods that require the acquisition of the entire or a section of the CEST Z-spectrum. Additionally, traditional fitting methods often necessitate clear CEST peaks, which may be challenging to obtain at low magnetic fields...

BACKGROUND: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant. Despite this, the effects of acute caffeine intake on brain metabolite levels remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of acute caffeine intake on brain metabolite concentrations in different caffeine consumption habit groups and to explore the association between metabolite changes and sleepiness. METHODS: Forty-five healthy adults were divided into groups based on their daily caffeine consumption: ≥1 cup/day, <1 cup/day, and no consumption...

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The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes and has been implicated in neural activity-dependent learning as well as anxiety. However, the role of this pathway in young children with abnormal cortical development is unknown. Cortical malformations at early development, behavioral abnormalities, and a susceptibility to seizures have been reported in rats prenatally exposed to methylazoxymethanol. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether we could improve the behavioral deficits in young rats with malformed cerebral cortices by modulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway...

The heterogenous aetiology of Parkinson's disease is increasingly recognized; both mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction have been implicated. Powerful, clinically applicable tools are required to enable mechanistic stratification for future precision medicine approaches. The aim of this study was to characterize bioenergetic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease by applying a multimodal approach, combining standardized clinical assessment with midbrain and putaminal 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and deep phenotyping of mitochondrial and lysosomal function in peripheral tissue in patients with recent-onset Parkinson's disease and control subjects...

This work compared the metabolic profile of a parental MDA-MB-231 cisplatin-sensitive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line with that of a derived cisplatin-resistant line, to characterize inherent metabolic adaptations to resistance, as a means for marker and new TNBC therapies discovery. Supported by cytotoxic, microscopic and biochemical characterization of both lines, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics was employed to characterize cell polar extracts for the two cell lines, as a function of time (0, 24 and 48 h), and identify statistically relevant differences both between sensitive and resistant cells and their time course behavior...

Pyrite and humic acid are common substances in nature, and the combined effects of pyrite and humic acid on arsenic phytotoxicity are more widespread in the actual environments than that of a single substance, but have received less attention. In this study, the interaction between pyrite and humic acid in arsenate solution was studied, and the effects of pyrite and humic acid on plant toxicity of arsenate were evaluated. The results showed that arsenate + pyrite + fulvic acid (V-PF) treatment immobilized more arsenic by forming chemical bonds such as AsS and Fe-As-O and reduced the migration of arsenic to plants...

In chordates, energy buffering is achieved in part through phosphocreatine, which requires cellular uptake of creatine by the membrane-embedded creatine transporter (CRT1/SLC6A8). Mutations in human slc6a8 lead to creatine transporter deficiency syndrome, for which there is only limited treatment. Here we used a combined homology modeling, molecular dynamics, and experimental approach to generate a structural model of CRT1. Our observations support the following conclusions: contrary to previous proposals, C144, a key residue in the substrate binding site, is not present in a charged state...

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that phosphocreatine (PCr), administered intravenously and as cardioplegia adjuvant in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with prolonged aortic cross clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, would decrease troponin I concentration after surgery. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study we included 120 patients undergoing double/triple valve repair/replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass in the cardiac surgery department of a tertiary hospital...

The creatine (Cr)-phosphocreatine shuttle is essential for ATP homeostasis. In humans, the absence of brain Cr causes significant intellectual disability, epilepsy, and language delay. Mutations of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) are the most common cause of Cr deficiency. In rodents, Slc6a8 deletion causes deficits in spatial learning, novel object recognition (NOR), as well as in contextual and cued freezing. The mechanisms that underlie these cognitive deficits are not known. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the brain, it is important to determine which systems are affected by a loss of Cr...