hepatitis guidelines

Bioaccumulation predictions can be substantially improved by combining in vitro metabolic rate measurements derived from rainbow trout hepatocytes and/or hepatic S9 fractions with quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling approaches. Compared with in vivo testing guidelines Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 305 and Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP; an office of the US Environmental Protection Agency) 850.1730, the recently adopted OECD test guidelines 319A and 319B are in vitro approaches that have the potential to provide a time- and cost-efficient, humane solution, reducing animal use while addressing uncertainties in bioaccumulation across species...

PURPOSE: Delayed or improper identification of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) during cancer treatment can impact time to receive proper treatment. This study describes rates of IRAE recognition and appropriate treatment in adult patients with cancer at a community teaching hospital. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study evaluated rates of proper IRAE treatment in conjunction with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Secondary outcomes included time from presentation to IRAE diagnosis and hospital readmissions/repeat emergency department (ED) visits following initial admission for IRAE...

BACKGROUND: Camrelizumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibiting antibody, has demonstrated efficacy in various malignancies and received approval in multiple countries. Despite its therapeutic benefits, camrelizumab is associated with a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse effects (irAEs), predominantly reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP). However, visceral manifestations of such endothelial proliferations, particularly hepatic cavernous hemangiomas, have not been extensively documented...

Introduction Sharp object injuries in the medical field present a considerable occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), encompassing a spectrum of consequences from immediate discomfort to enduring health consequences. These injuries may expose HCWs to potential infections. Despite efforts to control sharp object injuries in healthcare environments, they are present at every stage involving using or disposing of medical sharp instruments. In Jordan, limited research has focused on sharp object injuries, with most data included from studies concentrating on practicing nurses or nursing students...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Malignant ascites (MA) is common in patients with advanced cancer, and about 60% of patients with MA experience distressing symptoms. In addition, MA has been identified as a poor prognostic factor, therefore, making the management of MA an important issue. We aimed to review literature describing MA provide a narrative synthesis of relevant studies. METHODS: A literature search of articles published between 1971 and May 2023 was performed in PubMed, and Cochrane library using the words "ascites/malignant ascites" and the theme of each section...

A simple, rapid, and low-cost technique was developed to allow reliable analysis of the anti-hepatitis C drug sofosbuvir in bulk, tablet form, and spiked human plasma. This method depends on the ability of sofosbuvir to quench the fluorescence of the newly synthesized 2-amino-3-cyano-4,6-dimethylpyridine (reagent 3). Elemental analysis and spectral data were used to validate the structure of the synthesized reagent. The newly synthesized reagent exhibited a satisfactory level of fluorescence emission at 365 nm after excitation at 247 nm...

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the reliability of ChatGPT's answers to medical questions, including those sourced from patients and guide recommendations. The focus was on evaluating ChatGPT's accuracy in responding to various types of infectious disease questions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted using 200 questions sourced from social media, experts, and guidelines related to various infectious diseases like urinary tract infection, pneumonia, HIV, various types of hepatitis, COVID-19, skin infections, and tuberculosis...

Background and study aims Symptomatic simple hepatic cysts require treatment, with several guidelines recommending laparoscopic deroofing. However, cysts located in the posterosuperior segments are considered poor candidates for this procedure. Gastrointestinal endoscopes are more flexible and able to reach less accessible areas than laparoscopes. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of endoscopic transgastric hepatic cyst deroofing (ETGHCD) for treatment of simple hepatic cysts. Patients and methods Seven patients with simple hepatic cysts were evaluated between June 2021 and October 2023...

BACKGROUND: Globally, viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death and is highly prevalent in Ethiopia. Military personnel are more vulnerable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and there are no data on such populations in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections and their associated factors among military personnel in military camps in Central Gondar, Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 277 military personnel from April to August 2022 at military camps in Central Gondar, Ethiopia...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) increases the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relative risk of CKD associated with increasing hepatic fibrosis, and consequent mortality risk, remains underexplored in real-world cohorts. In this study, we sought to establish whether hepatic fibrosis is associated with increased CKD risk and explore differences in mortality risk in a cohort of people living with MASLD, contingent on liver fibrosis and CKD status...

Liver cancer currently represents the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The majority of liver cancer arises in the context of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been the guideline-recommended treatment options for decades. Despite enormous advances in the field of liver cancer therapy, an effective cure is yet to be found. Plant-derived polyphenols constitute a large family of phytochemicals, with pleiotropic effects and little toxicity. They can drive cellular events and modify multiple signaling pathways which involves initiation, progression and metastasis of liver cancer and play an important role in contributing to anti-liver cancer drug development...

OBJECTIVE: Hepatic infarction is a rare complication of pregnancy most often associated with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. The objective of this review is to identify risk factors, presenting signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and best management practices based on published case reviews. DATA SOURCES: PUBMED and MEDLINE: OVID databases were searched for citations regarding hepatic infarction in pregnancy or the postpartum period since database inception until the study date of December 18, 2023...

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This study assesses the association of short-term exposure to PM2.5 (particles ≤2.5 μm) on infectious diseases among Chinese children and adolescents. Analyzing data from 507 cities (2008-2021) on 42 diseases, it focuses on PM2.5 components (black carbon (BC), ammonium (NH4 + ), inorganic nitrate (NO3 - ), organic matter (OM), and sulfate (SO4 2- )). PM2.5 constituents significantly associated with incidence. Sulfate showed the most substantial effect, increasing all-cause infectious disease risk by 2...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Portal hypertension (PH) is a complex clinical challenge with severe complications, including variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. The gut microbiota (GM) and its interconnectedness with human health have emerged as a captivating field of research. This review explores the intricate connections between the gut and the liver, aiming to elucidate how alterations in GM, intestinal barrier function, and gut-derived molecules impact the development and progression of PH. A systematic literature search, following PRISMA guidelines, identified 12 original articles that suggest a relationship between GM, the gut-liver axis, and PH...

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are a subclass of biliary tract tumors that arise from the epithelial lining of bile ducts. They are subdivided broadly into intra- and extrahepatic CCA, with extrahepatic being the more common. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a form of liquid biopsy obtained from dying tumor cells in the peripheral blood. Assays may be tumor-informed or tumor-agnostic, with the former requiring tissue sampling to evaluate detectable mutations present in an individual patient's tumor. Here we present a case of intrahepatic CCA managed with hepatectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, with subsequent surveillance and management guided by tumor-informed ctDNA...

Coagulation management in the patient with cirrhosis has undergone a significant transformation since the beginning of this century, with the concept of a rebalancing between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors. The paradigm that patients with cirrhosis have a greater bleeding tendency has changed, as a result of this rebalancing. In addition, it has brought to light the presence of complications related to thrombotic events in this group of patients. These guidelines detail aspects related to pathophysiologic mechanisms that intervene in the maintenance of hemostasis in the patient with cirrhosis, the relevance of portal hypertension, mechanical factors for the development of bleeding, modifications in the hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors, and the changes in the reticuloendothelial system in acute hepatic decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure...

Portal vein gas accumulation and intestinal pneumatosis are uncommon signs indicating a high mortality risk in cases of intestinal ischemic necrosis. However, the widespread use of computed tomography has led to an increase in detection of benign lesions. We report a case of portal vein gas accumulation resulting from organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. A male patient was brought to the hospital in a comatose state with bilateral pupils that measured 1.0 mm, and he showed shortness of breath and wet rattles in the lungs...

Cirrhosis is considered a growing cause of morbidity and mortality, which represents a significant public health problem. Currently, there is no effective treatment to reverse cirrhosis. Treatment primarily centers on addressing the underlying liver condition, monitoring, and managing portal hypertension-related complications, and evaluating the potential for liver transplantation in cases of decompensated cirrhosis, marked by rapid progression and the emergence of complications like variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, malnutrition, and more...