Isotonic

Introduction and aims Mildly hypertonic saline is more effective in relieving symptoms of nasal congestion compared to placebo or isotonic saline. Recently, a unique device, delivering a soft mist of 2.3% hypertonic sea-salt saline (Nasoclear PureHaleTM ; Zydus Healthcare Ltd., India) has been introduced in India. The device uses a power-less manual technique to release the saline as a soft mist at 1 ml/min. Methods This is a retrospective, multi-centric, single-arm study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 2...

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), one of the key ligaments in the knee, serves to prevent backward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. A simultaneous occurrence of a PCL avulsion fracture and a femur shaft fracture in a pediatric patient suggests a complex orthopedic injury resulting from significant trauma to the knee and thigh area. This study describes the rehabilitation process of a 12-year-old female involved in a road traffic accident, who suffered both a midshaft femur fracture and a PCL avulsion fracture...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), a term encompassing various disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, includes coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is primarily due to the development of atherosclerotic plaques that disrupt blood flow, oxygenation, and nutrient delivery to the myocardium. Risk factors contributing to CAD progression include smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia, and obesity. While aerobic exercise (AE) has shown promising results in controlling CVD risk factors, the impact of resistance training (RT) has not been extensively investigated...

Objective: To study the curative effect of rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside capsules and the role of mitochondrial autophagy on nucleos(t)ide drug-induced renal injury. Methods: Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) was used to construct a hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mouse model for renal injury. Renal function was measured in each group at one and two weeks of modeling. Mitochondrial autophagy indicators were measured at two weeks of modeling in renal tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect mitochondrial autophagy phenomena in renal tissue...

We consider an important problem in scientific discovery, namely identifying sparse governing equations for nonlinear dynamical systems. This involves solving sparse ridge regression problems to provable optimality in order to determine which terms drive the underlying dynamics. We propose a fast algorithm, OKRidge, for sparse ridge regression, using a novel lower bound calculation involving, first, a saddle point formulation, and from there, either solving (i) a linear system or (ii) using an ADMM-based approach, where the proximal operators can be efficiently evaluated by solving another linear system and an isotonic regression problem...

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the difference in serum chloride levels between children receiving 5% Dextrose in Ringer's Lactate (RLD5) vs. 5% Dextrose Normal Saline (DNS) and to estimate the incidence of dyselectrolytemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (HCMA), acute kidney injury (AKI) and all-cause mortality in both groups. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in non-critically ill children aged 6 mo to 14 y, admitted between August 2021 and July 2022, requiring intravenous fluids...

Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) typically manifests as a polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, in which normonatremia is generally maintained through the polydipsia. A 53-year-old woman presented with diabetic ketosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Her medical history included herpes meningoencephalitis, which was associated with confusion and amnesia. On physical examination, she was apyretic, confused, and had signs of extracellular dehydration. Her capillary glucose concentration was high and her urine was positive for ketones...

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is the most common in the musculoskeletal disease. Dry needling techniques and ischemic compression are the most common applications. We aimed to compare the efficacy of dry needling and ischemic compression methods on pain, cervical range of motion and disability in myofascial pain syndrome. This is a randomized, controlled study. 98 patients with MPS were randomly assigned into three groups. Group1 received dry needling (n=33), group 2 (n=33) received ischemic compression and group 3 (n=32) received combined with dry needling and ischemic compression inventions...

The abrupt cessation of ovarian hormone release is associated with declines in muscle contractile function, yet the impact of gradual ovarian failure on muscle contractility across peri-, early- and late-stage menopause remains unclear. In this study, a 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced ovarian failure mouse model was used to examine time course changes in muscle mechanical function. Plantar flexors of female mice (VCD: n = 10; CON: n = 8) were assessed at 40 (early perimenopause), 80 (late perimenopause), 120 (menopause onset) and 176 (late menopause) days post-initial VCD injection...

Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy (IV-MFT) is probably the most prescribed drug in paediatric hospital care. Recently paediatric societies have produced evidence-based practice guidelines that recommend the use of balanced isotonic fluid when prescribing IV-MFT in both acute and critical paediatric care. Unfortunately, the applicability of these guidelines could be called into question when a ready-to-use glucose-containing balanced isotonic fluid is not available. The main objective of this study was to describe the availability of glucose-containing balanced isotonic fluids in European and Middle Eastern paediatric acute and critical care settings...

Amanita phalloides poisoning is known to be the most fatal case among mushroom poisoning cases. Its main mechanism of toxicity is that it leads to cell death by the irreversible binding of its toxins to the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II enzyme. This study was planned to analyze the effects of the CDP-choline molecule on Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning cases. The extract of the Amanita phalloides mushroom was taken and intraperitoneally administered to male Wistar Albino rats at a dose of 0.3 g/kg...

In rodent models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), cognitive deficits are implicated in impaired T-maze spatial reversal learning. Rat studies have indicated supplemental administration of choline during the developmental period of alcohol exposure can ameliorate spatial reversal deficits. This study tested whether beneficial effects of prenatal choline supplementation could be confirmed in a sheep model of binge exposure in the first trimester equivalent. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) alcohol exposure would produce deficits in reversal of a T-maze position discrimination; and 2) gestational dietary supplementation of choline would ameliorate those deficits...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the suprainguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (SFICB) has become more common in clinical practice. This assessor-blinded dose-finding study aimed to determine the minimum effective concentration (MEC90, MEC95) of bupivacaine for a single-injection SFICB in patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital (postoperative recovery room and ward)...

The use of natural pulmonary surfactants (PS) as a drug delivery vehicle for biologics is a more recent therapeutic modality. Herein, we tested different contents of PS regarding their physicochemical properties under stress conditions. The PS content of 12.25 mg/ml (Formulation B) showed desired properties such as an isotonic osmolality ∼300 mOsm/kg and an acceptable viscosity of 8.61 cSt, being lower than in commercially available PS solutions. Formulation B passed the specifications of surface lowering capacities of >80 % total lung capacity and physiologically desired formulation properties were independent of the antibody used in the composition...

We formulate the estimation of monotone response surface of multiple factors as the inverse of an iteration of partially ordered classifier ensembles. Each ensemble (called PIPE-classifiers) is a projection of Bayes classifiers on the constrained space. We prove the inverse of PIPE-classifiers (iPIPE) exists, and propose algorithms to efficiently compute iPIPE by reducing the space over which optimisation is conducted. The methods are applied in analysis and simulation settings where the surface dimension is higher than what the isotonic regression literature typically considers...

A central component of injury development after acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is the increased intracranial pressure and consecutive mechanical reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the role of different blood constituents in ASDH as additional lesioning factors remains unclear. This study examines the influence of blood components on neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and functional deficits in a rat model of ASDH. We infused corpuscular (whole blood, whole blood lysate, and red cell blood) and plasmatic (blood plasma, anticoagulated blood plasma, and aqueous isotonic solution) blood components into the subdural space while CBF was monitored...

BACKGROUND: A high proportion of patients who undergo surgery continue to suffer from moderate to severe pain in the early postoperative period despite advances in pain management strategies. Previous studies suggest that clonidine, an alpha2 adrenergic agonist, administered during the perioperative period could reduce acute postoperative pain intensity and opioid consumption. However, these studies have several limitations related to study design and sample size and hence, further studies are needed...

Mutations in cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) or titin may respectively lead to hypertrophic (HCM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies. The mechanisms leading to these phenotypes remain unclear because of the challenge of translating cellular abnormalities to whole-heart and system function. We developed and validated a novel computer model of calcium-contraction coupling incorporating the role of cMyBP-C and titin based on the key assumptions: 1) tension in the thick filament promotes cross-bridge attachment mechanochemically, 2) with increasing titin tension, more myosin heads are unlocked for attachment, and 3) cMyBP-C suppresses cross-bridge attachment...

Temperature and mineralization are among the most important environmental factors affecting all processes of aquatic ecosystems, including geographical distribution of water animals. Previously we showed that a brackish water population of Gammarus lacustris, a widespread amphipod, demonstrates substantially higher thermotolerance than a freshwater population. A possible reason for this difference is the fact that brackish water conditions are closer to internal media mineralization. Here we aimed to test this hypothesis and relate the observed effects in animal survival under the heat shock to the status of cellular defence systems...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) commonly occurs in patients with sinonasal dysfunction, but the prevalence and severity of olfactory issues in adolescents with cystic fibrosis (AwCF) is unclear. OD may contribute to dietary deficiencies and exacerbate nutritional challenges. We sought to review literature on the effectiveness of medical and surgical management of sinonasal symptoms in AwCF and the associated impact on olfactory function. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Ebsco CINAHL from 1980 to 2022 per PRISMA-ScR protocols to conduct a scoping review in an effort to compile data on study design, patient demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes, along with risk of bias...