Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Individuals living with psychosis are often underserved in the United States, partly due to the dearth of providers trained in evidence-based practices for this population. One such practice is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis, which the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has identified as a standard of care for this population. The explosion of telehealth, in large part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to increased opportunities for virtual psychotherapy. Telehealth offers a number of benefits, such as the ability to address service inequities, including lack of access to a local provider well-trained in the modality of therapy needed...

BACKGROUND: Self-awareness impairment is common following acquired brain injury and can impact rehabilitation outcomes. Knowledge of factors associated with impaired self-awareness may assist with rehabilitation planning. OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with self-awareness and determine predictors of self-awareness impairment for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of rehabilitation inpatients was conducted by medical record audit...

BACKGROUND: People with life-threatening diseases and their family caregivers confront psychosocial and spiritual issues caused by the persons' impending death. Reviews of death education interventions in the context of life-threatening diseases are scarce and limited to certain intervention types. AIMS: This study aims to ascertain existing evidence on death education interventions for the population of adults with advanced diseases and/or their family caregivers and identify gaps for future research...

BACKGROUND: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) due to an X-linked OTC mutation, is responsible for moderate to severe hyperammonemia (HA) with substantial morbidity and mortality. About 80% of females with OTCD remain apparently "asymptomatic" with limited studies of their clinical characteristics and long-term health vulnerabilities. Multimodal neuroimaging studies and executive function testing have shown that asymptomatic females exhibit limitations when stressed to perform at higher cognitive load and had reduced activation of the prefrontal cortex...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its prevalence increases with progressive loss of kidney function. MCI is characterized by a decline in cognitive performance greater than expected for an individual age and education level but with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living. Deterioration can affect one or several cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive functions, language, and perceptual motor or social cognition). Given the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, more and more people with CKD will also develop MCI causing an enormous disease burden for these individuals, their relatives and society...

Metabolomics provides powerful tools that can inform about heterogeneity in disease and response to treatments. In this study, we employed an electrochemistry-based targeted metabolomics platform to assess the metabolic effects of three randomly-assigned treatments: escitalopram, duloxetine, and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in 163 treatment-naïve outpatients with major depressive disorder. Serum samples from baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment were analyzed using targeted liquid chromatography-electrochemistry for metabolites related to tryptophan, tyrosine metabolism and related pathways...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral infarction often results in post-stroke cognitive impairment, which impairs the quality of life and causes long-term disability. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, have a crucial role in cerebral ischemia and neuroinflammation. We explored the possible advantages of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a powerful pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by astrocytes, for post-stroke cognitive function. METHODS: Mendelian randomization was applied to analyze the GWAS database of stroke patients, obtaining a causal relationship between IL-6 and stroke...

Fears and phobias are a common mental health concern for youth, and particularly for autistic youth. The following review briefly summarizes the extant literature on specific phobias and specific phobias in autistic youth. The evidence base is briefly highlighted pointing to the strong base behind behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments and techniques. A broad discussion of key evidence-based treatment findings is presented, leading up to the impactful work of Thomas H. Ollendick in researching Öst's One-Session Treatment (OST) with children and adolescents...

Pathogenic variants in SLC6A8, the gene which encodes creatine transporter SLC6A8, prevent creatine uptake in the brain and result in a variable degree of intellectual disability, behavioral disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder), epilepsy, and severe speech and language delay. There are no treatments to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for creatine transporter deficiency (CTD). In this spotlight, we summarize recent advances in innovative molecules to treat CTD, with a focus on dodecyl creatine ester, the most promising drug candidate...

Research suggests that individuals with obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) with lower insight show a poorer response to cognitive behavioral therapy and might benefit from alternative treatments. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature regarding the definition and measurement of insight. This study endeavored to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Obsessional Insight Scale (COGINS), a novel self-report measure of cognitive insight in OCRDs. The sample comprised 166 participants with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder or body dysmorphic disorder enrolled in clinical trials...

Many studies have explored the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and Internet addiction (IA), yet the research findings on the association between them are inconclusive. We conducted a systematic search on 7 databases to identify the relevant studies published until January 2023, and analyzed the findings from 37 studies across 12 countries involving 45,364 participants aged 8 to 67 years (51 % women). Results indicated a positive correlation (r = 0.21) was found between ACE and IA around the world, which differed among continents...

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain affects approximately 8 million Canadians (~20%), impacting their physical and mental health while burdening the health care system with costs of upwards of US $60 billion a year. Indeed, patients are often trialed on numerous medications over several years without reductions to their symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new therapies for chronic pain to improve patients' quality of life, increase the availability of treatment options, and reduce the burden on the health care system...

Adolescence is a vulnerable period for mental health. It is not easy to make a precise diagnosis during this period, as young people may present attenuated forms of psychiatric pathology, or on the contrary, a combination of several types of difficulties. Adopting a transdiagnostic and dimensional approach, based on clinical stages, and thus proposing interventions adapted to the severity of symptoms, is pertinent. As emotional dysregulation lies at the heart of many pathologies, it is a prime target for early intervention...

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are common and debilitating which is why treatment is so important. According to the guidelines, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has the highest level of effectiveness among psychotherapeutic treatments and is the recommended procedure. However, not everyone responds well or at all to CBT which makes a wider range of therapy options valuable. Positive Psychotherapy (PPT) comes to mind as an alternative with its strength-based approach focusing on enhancing well-being and life satisfaction...

BACKGROUND: Fear of cancer recurrence is one of the psychological distresses that seriously affects the quality of life of breast cancer patients. However, the evidence for cognitive behavioral therapy on fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer is limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing breast cancer patients' fear of cancer recurrence. METHODS: Seven databases were searched for randomized controlled studies on cognitive behavioral therapy for fear of cancer recurrence in cancer patients from the inception of the database to April 30, 2023, with no language restrictions...

Sleeping problems are prevalent among children and adolescents, often leading to frequent consultations with pediatricians. While cognitive-behavioral therapy has shown effectiveness, especially in the short term, there is a lack of globally endorsed guidelines for the use of pharmaceuticals or over-the-counter remedies in managing sleep onset insomnia. An expert panel of pediatric sleep specialists and chronobiologists met in October 2023 to develop practical recommendations for pediatricians on the management of sleep onset insomnia in typically developing children...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are high rates of comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Evidence-based trauma-focused psychotherapies such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) are a first-line treatment for PTSD. Veterans with OUD are treated primarily in substance use disorder (SUD) clinics where the standard of care is drug counseling; they often do not have access to first-line PTSD treatments. This study tested whether CPT can be conducted safely and effectively in veterans with comorbid OUD treated with buprenorphine...

Insomnia disorder is a common condition that is considered a risk factor for multiple physical and mental disorders, contributing to reduced quality of life and increased healthcare expenditures. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is typically recommended as the primary intervention, its accessibility is hindered by limited resources, prompting the prevalent use of pharmacological interventions as the primary treatment in clinical settings. This study reviews the benefits and risks of current pharmacological treatments for insomnia, with special reference to the orexinergic system as a novel therapeutic target for treatment...

Family accommodation might play a crucial role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous systematic reviews on family accommodation in OCD have focused on specific populations or variables or are outdated. We conducted a preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis on family accommodation in adults, children, and adolescents with OCD (CRD42021264461). We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords "family accommodation" and "obsessive-compulsive disorder. One hundred-eight studies involving 8,928 individuals with OCD were included...

IMPORTANCE: Physical diseases co-occur with late-life depression (LLD). The influence of physical diseases and the subjective perception of physical health (PPH) on treatment outcome in LLD, however, is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of physical diseases and PPH with the outcomes of 2 different types of psychotherapy in LLD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This post hoc secondary analysis of a multicenter, observer-blinded, controlled, parallel-group randomized clinical trial assessed participants 60 years or older with moderate to severe depression recruited at 7 psychiatric-psychotherapeutic outpatient trial sites in Germany from October 1, 2018, to November 11, 2020...