Nutrition in critical carr

Early childhood is a critical time of development. Caregiver feeding style, including of child care providers, has been implicated in influencing children's food preferences and obesity. A better understanding of the determinants of child care providers' feeding styles is important as children increasingly receive daily care and nutrition in child care centers. Valid instruments to measure provider feeding styles specifically for infants are needed. This study's objective was to validate, for use with child care providers, the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire (IFSQ), an instrument originally designed for parents of infants and toddlers...

Patients with septic shock are under an intense inflammatory burden, which is closely associated with increased oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants such as vitamin C. We hypothesized that patients with septic shock would present with elevated oxidative stress (assessed as F2 -isoprostanes) and that administration of parenteral vitamin C to these patients would attenuate F2 -isoprostane concentrations. We recruited 40 critically ill patients with septic shock into a randomized placebo-controlled trial and assessed the effect of short-term (4-day) parenteral vitamin C administration (100 mg/kg/d) on 8-isoprostane F2α concentrations, which were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays...

There are limited proven therapies for COVID-19. Vitamin C's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects make it a potential therapeutic candidate, both for the prevention and amelioration of COVID-19 infection, and as an adjunctive therapy in the critical care of COVID-19. This literature review focuses on vitamin C deficiency in respiratory infections, including COVID-19, and the mechanisms of action in infectious disease, including support of the stress response, its role in preventing and treating colds and pneumonia, and its role in treating sepsis and COVID-19...

The first line therapy for Lyme disease is treatment with doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime. In endemic regions, the persistence of symptoms in many patients after completion of antibiotic treatment remains a major healthcare concern. The causative agent of Lyme disease is a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi , an extreme auxotroph that cannot exist under free-living conditions and depends upon the tick vector and mammalian hosts to fulfill its nutritional needs. Despite lacking all major biosynthetic pathways, B...

BACKGROUND: Acute skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Continuous feeding may suppress muscle protein synthesis as a result of the muscle-full effect, unlike intermittent feeding, which may ameliorate it. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does intermittent enteral feed decrease muscle wasting compared with continuous feed in critically ill patients? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a phase 2 interventional single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 121 mechanically ventilated adult patients with multiorgan failure were recruited following prospective informed consultee assent...

Nutrition is critically important in the first 1000 days, and while most American babies are fed commercial baby foods, there is little or no evidence from nationally representative data to understand the implications of such consumption. We used 24-hour dietary recall data for 505 infants from The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study to describe food consumption patterns and micronutrient density of complementary foods consumed by infants fed commercially prepared baby food fruit, vegetables, and dinners and compared with those eaten by nonconsumers of these products...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient which cannot be synthesised or stored by humans. It is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immune-supportive roles. Previous research has indicated that vitamin C levels are depleted in critically ill patients. In this study we have assessed plasma vitamin C concentrations in critically ill patients relative to infection status (septic shock or non-septic) and level of inflammation (C-reactive protein concentrations)...

Organisms must execute metabolic defenses to survive nutrient deprivation. We performed a genome-wide RNAi screen in Caenorhabditis elegans to identify fat regulatory genes indispensable for starvation resistance. Here, we show that opposing proteostasis pathways are principal determinants of starvation survival. Reduced function of cytoplasmic aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS genes) increases fat mass and extends starvation survival, whereas reduced proteasomal function reduces fat and starvation survival. These opposing pathways converge on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as the critical effector of starvation defenses...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acquisition of knowledge and skills in the care of surgical patients is defined as an essential element of training by the Pediatric Residency Review Committee. The pediatric-surgical comanagement model of care is increasingly utilized, yet its impact on residency training has not been described. The goal of this study was to describe a 5-year experience with a co-management model in a pediatric residency program. METHODS: We describe the planning and implementation of a surgical co-management model in a pediatric residency program and report on case volume and diversity from 2005 to 2010...

AIMS: To assess the impact of a simple computer-based decision-support system (computer help) on the quality of nutrition support orders and patients' outcome in Intensive-Care Unit (ICU). METHODS: This quality-improvement study was carried out in a 16-bed medical-surgical ICU in a French university hospital. All consecutive patients who stayed in ICU more than 10 days with non-oral feeding for more than 5 days were retrospectively included during two 12-month periods...

BACKGROUND: Over- and underfeeding critically ill patients have significant clinical consequences. These patients are often given a combination of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN), potentially increasing their risk of overfeeding. No published protocol describing the process for weaning from parenteral to enteral feeding and its effects on over- and underfeeding exists. This study aimed to evaluate the introduction of such a protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, 2-phase observational study was performed in a 10-bed medical/surgical intensive care unit on patients ventilated for >72 hours and receiving EN and/or PN...

OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization convened a panel of experts to rank the evidence for medical countermeasures for management of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in a hypothetical scenario involving the hospitalization of 100 to 200 victims. The goal of this panel was to achieve consensus on optimal management of ARS affecting nonhematopoietic organ systems based upon evidence in the published literature. METHODS: English-language articles were identified in MEDLINE and PubMed...

Nutritional supplementation is becoming the standard of practice in equine medicine, although there are minimal data on nutritional support in critically ill horses and its association or effect on morbidity and mortality or length of hospital stay. Horses can be fed orally and when that is not possible, intravenously or parenterally. Enteral feeding is less expensive, more physiologic, improves immunity, and is easier and safer. This article reviews available information on the development of a nutritional plan for critically ill horses, and describes methods for and complications of enteral and parenteral feeding...

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationships between levels of physical activity, health attitudes and behaviors, and specific health indicators in women attending college. DATA SOURCES: A convenience sample of 116 college women, ages 18 to 24 years, participated in this research study at a moderate-sized midwestern university. The data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire; trained technicians collected physiological measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The young women in this study had, on average, normal body mass indexes (BMIs) and reported activity levels consistent with or greater than the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American College of Sports Medicine guidelines...