Depression and work impairment

Impaired long-term memory, a complication of traumatic stress including hemorrhage shock and resuscitation (HSR), has been reported to be associated with multiple neurodegenerations. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) participates in both learned appetitive and aversive behaviors. In addition to being prospective targets for the therapy of addiction, depression, and other stress-related diseases, VTA glutamatergic neurons are becoming more widely acknowledged as powerful regulators of reward and aversion. This study revealed that HSR exposure induces memory impairments and decreases the activation in glutamatergic neurons, and decreased β power in the VTA...

Research investigating whether depression is an adaptation or a disorder has been hindered by the lack of an experimental paradigm that can test causal relationships. Moreover, studies attempting to induce the syndrome often fail to capture the suite of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that characterize depression. An experimental paradigm for triggering depressive symptoms can improve our etiological understanding of the syndrome. The present study attempts to induce core symptoms of depression, particularly those related to rumination, in a healthy, nonclinical sample through a controlled social experiment...

Shift workers support critical 24-hr operations; their health can be impaired by disrupted circadian rhythms and dysfunctional sleep. Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a prevalent condition with significant psychological consequences. Nurse leaders have not yet implemented effective policies to prevent SWSD and optimize shift workers' mental health. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine research about SWSD within the context of neurobiological, sociological, and psychological perspectives that can inform policy changes...

IMPORTANCE: Identifying factors contributing to sustained physical functioning is critical for the health and well-being of the aging population, especially as physical functioning may precede and predict subsequent health outcomes. Prior work suggests optimism may protect health, but less is known about the association between optimism and objective physical functioning measures as individuals age. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the longitudinal association between optimism and 3 physical functioning measures...

Whether individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) are at a higher risk for cognitive decline than those with MCI alone is still not clear. Previous work suggests that a reduction in prefrontal cortical theta phase-gamma amplitude coupling (TGC) is an early marker of cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether using a TGC cutoff is better at separating individuals with MCI or MCI with remitted MDD (MCI+rMDD) on cognitive performance than their clinical diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Visual impairment (VI) with comorbid mental disorders (MDs) are expected to have a major impact on people's daily functioning, for which tailored support is needed. However, this has been barely investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) determine the impact of VI and comorbid MDs on functioning in essential life domains, (2) gain insight into best-practices that are currently used to support this target group, and (3) determine strategies to optimize care in the future...

BACKGROUND: Apathy and depression are common neuropsychiatric symptoms across neurodegenerative disorders and are associated with impairment in several cognitive domains, yet little is known about the influence of sex on these relationships. OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between these symptoms with neuropsychological performance across a combined cohort with mild or major neurodegenerative disorders, then evaluated the impact of sex. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a cohort analysis of participants in the COMPASS-ND study with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), vascular MCI, Alzheimer's disease, mixed dementia, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and cognitively unimpaired (CU) controls...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently caused a global pandemic, resulting in more than 702 million people being infected and over 6.9 million deaths. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may suffer from diarrhea, sleep disorders, depression, and even cognitive impairment, which is associated with long COVID during recovery. However, there remains no consensus on effective treatment methods. Studies have found that patients with COVID-19 have alterations in microbiota and their metabolites, particularly in the gut, which may be involved in the regulation of immune responses...

The growing number of people aging with HIV represents a group vulnerable to the symptom burdens of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Among younger groups, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has been shown to help people living with HIV manage HIV-related and other life stress, and although there is some theoretical and empirical evidence that it may be effective among those with cognitive deficits, the approach has not been studied in older populations with HAND. Participants (n = 180) 55 years or older with HIV and cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to either an 8-week MBSR arm or a waitlist control...

Anxiety disorders affect millions of people worldwide and impair health, happiness, and productivity on a massive scale. Developmental research points to a connection between early-life behavioral inhibition and the eventual development of these disorders. Our group has previously shown that measures of behavioral inhibition in young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) predict anxiety-like behavior later in life. In recent years, clinical and basic researchers have implicated the central extended amygdala (EAc)-a neuroanatomical concept that includes the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST)-as a key neural substrate for the expression of anxious and inhibited behavior...

OBJECTIVE: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index (IBD-DI) was developed according to WHO standards and has been validated in population-based cohorts. However, there are limited data on its relationship to various psychosocial and economic variables or its relevance to hospital clinical practice. The study aims were to determine the validity and reliability of the IBD-DI in an English-speaking hospital out-patient population and to evaluate its association with short and long-term disease activity...

BACKGROUND: The burden of migraine goes beyond the pain and associated symptoms. We aimed to describe the impact of migraine in healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), work productivity, and mood disorders, as well as its economic cost. METHODS: Case-control study nested in a cross-sectional analysis of patient-reported data collected between 30/12/2019 and 20/04/2020 as part of the National Health and Wellness Survey, from respondents located in Spain. Adults (≥ 18 years old) who reported a physician diagnosis of migraine and ≥ 1 monthly headache days (MHD) in the previous 30 days were included...

IMPORTANCE: Patients with induced laryngeal obstruction (ILO) present with a variety of behavioral health profiles. Identifying these profiles is crucial in that behavioral health conditions may affect treatment duration and outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the prevalence of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and physical somatic symptoms in adult and pediatric patients with ILO and determine the factors associated with anxiety, depression, PTSD, and physical somatic symptoms in patients with ILO? DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study included a nonprobability sample of 83 adult and 81 pediatric patients diagnosed with ILO at outpatient adult and pediatric otolaryngology clinics between 2021 and 2023...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Research on driving ability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that they might be at risk for unsafe driving due to MS-related motor, visual, and cognitive impairment. Our first aim was to investigate differences in driving ability and performance between people with MS (PwMS) and those without any neurologic or psychiatric disease ("controls"). Secondly, we determined disease-related factors influencing driving ability in PwMS. METHODS: We prospectively compared standardized performance in a driving simulator between 97 persons with early MS [mean (SD) = 6...

OBJECTIVE: This study examined etiological factors and symptom triggers of functional motor symptoms (FMS) or functional seizures (FS) and assessed potential relationships with relevant clinical features (i.e., functional symptoms, quality of life, and general functioning). METHODS: Seventeen participants with FMS or FS and 17 healthy control participants underwent an in-depth clinical interview and completed questionnaires assessing adverse life events, psychological and physical symptoms, alexithymia, autistic traits, illness perceptions, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and work and social functioning...

BACKGROUND: With a prevalence of 0.5-2%, vitiligo is one of the most common skin disorders worldwide with loss of pigment. The skin disease has a disfiguring, often stigmatising character and is often associated with psychosocial distress. OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the psychosocial impairment, disease burden and resulting health care needs of patients with vitiligo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Narrative review based on a literature search in PubMed for the years 1996-2022 on disease burden, quality of life and stigmatization is provided...

Late-life depression (LLD) is a highly prevalent mood disorder occurring in older adults and is frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment (CI). Studies have shown that LLD may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the heterogeneity of presentation of geriatric depression suggests that multiple biological mechanisms may underlie it. Current biological research on LLD progression incorporates machine learning that combines neuroimaging data with clinical observations. There are few studies on incident cognitive diagnostic outcomes in LLD based on structural MRI (sMRI)...

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) are a risk factor for more severe impairment, non-response to various treatments, and a chronic course. In this study, we investigated the effects of DP/DR symptoms in patients with clinically significant depressive symptoms on clinical characteristics and various outcomes in a representative population-based sample with a 5-year follow-up. METHODS: The middle-aged sample comprised n = 10,422 persons at baseline, of whom n = 9,301 were free from depressive and DP/DR symptoms...

Adult cytogenesis, the continuous generation of newly-born neurons (neurogenesis) and glial cells (gliogenesis) throughout life, is highly impaired in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), impacting negatively on cognitive and emotional domains. Despite playing a critical role in brain homeostasis, the importance of gliogenesis has been overlooked, both in healthy and diseased states. To examine the role of newly formed glia, we transplanted Glial Restricted Precursors (GRPs) into the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), or injected their secreted factors (secretome), into a previously validated transgenic GFAP-tk rat line, in which cytogenesis is transiently compromised...

Using the 2018-2021 National Health Interview Survey data, we examined the associations between healthcare cost burden and depressive/anxious feelings in older adults. Nearly12% reported healthcare cost burden and 18% daily/weekly depressive/anxious feelings. Healthcare cost burden was higher among women, racial/ethnic minorities, those with chronic illnesses, mobility impairment, and those with Medicare Part D, but lower among individuals with Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility, Medicare Advantage, VA/military insurance, and private insurance...