GRP

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to identify genetic features associated with immune cell infiltration in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) development through bioinformatics, with the goal of discovering diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: We obtained two datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs). These genes' functions were analyzed via Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)...

The objective of this research is to enhance the precision and efficiency of design concept assessments during the initial stages of new product creation. Design concept evaluation, which occurs at the end of the conceptual design phase, is a critical step in product development. The outcome of this evaluation significantly impacts the product's eventual success, as flawed design concepts are difficult to remedy in later stages. However, the evaluation of new product concepts is a procedure that encompasses elements of subjectivity and ambiguity...

The process of developing of new drugs is greatly hampered by their inadequate physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and intrinsic characteristics. In this regard, the selected chloro indolinone, (Z)-6-chloro-3-(2-chlorobenzylidene)indolin-2-one (C1), and nitro indolinone, (Z)-6-chloro-3-(2-nitrobenzylidene)indolin-2-one (C2), were subjected to SwissADME and density function theory (DFT) analysis. For compounds C1 and C2, the BOILED-Egg pharmacokinetic model predicted intestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and p-glycoprotein interaction...

BACKGROUND: Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (SPM), is derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It plays a key role in actively resolving inflammatory responses, which further reduces small intestinal damage. However, its regulation of the apoptosis triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells is still poorly understood. The intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were stimulated with tunicamycin to screen an optimal stimulation time and concentration to establish an ER stress model...

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer ranks first among malignant tumors worldwide and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women. Combining tumor marker testing is a strategy to screen individuals at high risk of pulmonary cancer and minimize pulmonary cancer mortality. Therefore, tumor marker screening is crucial. In this study, we analyzed combinations of tumor markers for lung cancer screening using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on patients diagnosed with lung cancer, as well as healthy and benign lung diseases, using data from the China Huludao Central Hospital database between January 2016 and July 2022...

One mechanism to regulate pathological vascular calcification (VC) is its active inhibition. Loss or inactivation of endogenic inhibitors is a major inductor of VC. Such inhibitors are proteins rich in gamma-glutamyl residues (Gla-proteins), whose function strongly depends on vitamin K. The current narrative review is focused on discussing the role of extrahepatic vitamin K-dependent Gla-proteins (osteocalcin, OC; matrix Gla-protein, MGP; Gla-rich protein, GRP) in cardio-vascular pathology. Gla-proteins possess several functionally active forms whose role in the pathogenesis of VC is still unclear...

BACKGROUND: Chronic viral infection results in impaired immune responses rendering viral persistence. Here, we compared the quality of T-cell responses among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals by examining the levels of expression of selected immune activation and exhaustion molecules on circulating MAIT cells and Tfh cells. METHODS: Cytokines were measured using a commercial Bio-plex Pro Human Cytokine Grp I Panel 17-plex kit (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA)...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder associated with brain inflammation. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to the activation of PI3K signaling in the inflamed brain of ASD. Multiple studies highlight the role of GRPR in regulating ASD like abnormal behavior and enhancing the PI3K signaling. However, the molecular mechanism by which GRPR regulates PI3K signaling in neurons of individuals with ASD is still unclear. In this study, we utilized a maternal immune activation model to investigate the effects of GRPR on PI3K signaling in the inflamed brain of ASD mice...

BACKGROUND: Tumor markers (TMs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules used in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of cancer patients. During neoplastic differentiation, cells can either directly synthesize or induce the synthesis of TMs, and the release of these molecules into the bloodstream allows their quantification in biological fluids. Although very small concentrations of TMs are usually present in the serum or plasma of healthy subjects, increased concentrations may also be found in the presence of benign diseases or due to technical interference, producing false positive results...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) comprises a complex network of neurons whereby a subset appears to be dopaminergic although the characteristics, roles, and implications in disease are less understood. Most investigations relating to enteric dopamine (DA) neurons rely on immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of DA. However, TH immunoreactivity is likely to provide an incomplete picture. This study herein provides a comprehensive characterization of DA neurons in the gut using a reporter mouse line, expressing a fluorescent protein (tdTomato) under control of the DA transporter (DAT) promoter...

The central nervous system (CNS) is home to neuronal and glial cells. Traditionally, glia was disregarded as just the structural support across the brain and spinal cord, in striking contrast to neurons, always considered critical players in CNS functioning. In modern times this outdated dogma is continuously repelled by new evidence unravelling the importance of glia in neuronal maintenance and function. Therefore, glia replacement has been considered a potentially powerful therapeutic strategy. Glial progenitors are at the center of this hope, as they are the source of new glial cells...

OBJECTIVES: In our study, we aimed to examine how δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration to hyperinsulinemia (HI) model rats would change endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue. METHODS: Rats were divided into four groups (n = 32): Control (C), THC, HI, and Treatment (Tre). Fructose (10%) in the drinking water was given to HI and Tre rats for 12 weeks. 1.5 mg/kg/d THC was given intraperitoneally to THC and Tre rats in the last 4 weeks of the experiment...

BACKGROUND: Older adults with cirrhosis have complex medical needs that are not satisfied by organ specific management. Interdisciplinary approach may mitigate comorbidity and improve patient satisfaction. METHODS: A pilot study consisted of dual specialist interdisciplinary referral pathway and mixed virtual care delivery model are prospectively evaluated in older adults (65 years and older) with cirrhosis during the COVID-19 pandemic between September and December 2022...

BACKGROUND: In this study, [64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-RGD-BBN was prepared and its preclinical assessments were evaluated for PET imaging of GRPR overexpressing tumors. METHODS: NODAGA-RGD-BBN heterodimer peptide was successfully labeled with cyclotronproduced copper-64 at optimized conditions. The radiochemical purity of the radiotracer was checked by HPLC and RTLC methods. The stability of the radiolabeled compound was assessed in PBS (4°C) and in human blood serum (37°C)...

Autoimmune cerebellar ataxia is a disease entity that affects the cerebellum and is induced by autoimmune mechanisms. The disease is classified into several etiologies, including gluten ataxia, anti-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) ataxia, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia and postinfectious cerebellar ataxia. The autoimmune response in the periphery cross-reacts with similar antigens in the cerebellum due to molecular mimicry. Breakdown of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) could potentially explain the vulnerability of the cerebellum during the development of autoimmune cerebellar ataxia, as it gives rise to the entry of pathogenic autoantibodies or lymphocytes into the cerebellum...

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) requires new neurobiological targets. Problematic drinking involves underactive indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) that subserve adaptive behavioral selection vs. overactive direct pathway MSNs (dMSNs) that promote drinking, with a shift from ventromedial to dorsolateral striatal (VMS, DLS) control of EtOH-related behavior. We hypothesized that inhibiting phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), enriched in striatal MSNs, would reduce EtOH self-administration in rats with a history of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure...

Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used medication for various cancers, yet its use is associated with adverse effects on organs, notably the lungs. Cannabidiol (CBD), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, was investigated for its potential protective effects against MTX-induced lung injury. Thirty-two female Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: control, MTX (single 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose), MTX + CBD (single 20 mg/kg MTX with 0.1 ml of 5 mg/kg CBD for 7 days intraperitoneally) and CBD only (for 7 days)...

Redox potentiometry has emerged as a new platform for in vivo sensing, with improved neuronal compatibility and strong tolerance against sensitivity variation caused by protein fouling. Although enzymes show great possibilities in the fabrication of selective redox potentiometry, the fabrication of an enzyme electrode to output open-circuit voltage ( E OC ) with fast response remains challenging. Herein, we report a concept of novel enzymatic galvanic redox potentiometry (GRP) with improved time response coupling the merits of the high selectivity of enzyme electrodes with the excellent biocompatibility and reliability of GRP sensors...

Deteriorating climatic conditions and increasing human population necessitate the development of robust plant varieties resistant to harsh environments. Manipulation of regulatory proteins such as transcription factors (TFs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) would be a beneficial strategy in this regard. Further, understanding the complex interconnections between different classes of regulatory molecules would be essential for the identification of candidate genes/proteins for trait improvement. Most studies to date have analysed the roles of TFs or RBPs individually, in conferring stress resilience...

Injectable colloidal solutions of lanthanide oxides (nanoparticles between 10 and 100 nm in size) have demonstrated high biocompatibility and no toxicity when the nanoparticulate units are functionalized with specific biomolecules that molecularly target various proteins in the tumor microenvironment. Among the proteins successfully targeted by functionalized lanthanide nanoparticles are folic receptors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and integrins associated with tumor neovasculature...