Seeing white spots

WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic (long-lasting) skin disease that leads to dry, itchy, and swollen red spots, which can also be painful and flare up at any time. Some people with AD have a high number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, which are associated with worse disease. Medicated creams and lotions, prescribed by health care providers, are meant to reduce the symptoms of AD. For some people, these creams and lotions do not work. Benralizumab injection is a medication that reduces and removes eosinophils...

Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata) samples were submitted by a nursery operation in Florida separately to the University of Florida Plant Diagnostic Center (UFPDC, Gainesville, FL) and to the North Carolina State University Plant and Pest Diagnostic Lab (NCSU PPDL, Raleigh, NC) in October 2021. Symptoms included tan spots on pinnules, some of which progressed into pinnule blight (Fig. S1). Bacterial streaming was noted from samples in both labs. Leaf spot margins were excised, macerated in sterile tap water, then streaked onto nutrient agar (NA) plates and incubated for 48 h at 27°C...

When single cones are stimulated with spots of 543-nm light presented against a white background, subjects report percepts that vary between predominately red, white, and green. However, light of the same spectral composition viewed over a large field under normal viewing conditions looks invariably green and highly saturated. It remains unknown what stimulus parameters are most important for governing the color appearance in the transition between these two extreme cases. The current study varied the size, intensity and retinal motion of stimuli presented in an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope...

The grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi ) is a citrus hybrid tree ( C. maxima & C. sinensis ). Due to nutritional value and its bioactive compounds, the fruits are recognized as a functional food, valued as promoting health. French grapefruit production is low (7.5 Kt/year) but is confined to a restricted area in Corsica and benefits from a quality label, the economic impact of its cultivation being therefore locally significant. Since 2015 previously unreported symptoms have been repeatedly observed on grapefruits in more than half of the orchards in Corsica, with an incidence of 30% of fruits altered...

Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.), a native small deciduous tree of China, is widely cultivated in China, Korea, India, Japan, Europe, and the United States (Chen et al. 2020). The fruit have been commonly consumed as healthy food supplements and traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years (Li et al. 2007). In August 2019, anthracnose-like leaf spot symptoms were observed on jujube plants in Xiaomenya Village, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China (36°27'39″N, 117°3'13″E), with over 30% leaf disease incidence...

Spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), invaded the eastern United States in 2014 and has since caused economic and ecological disruption. In particular, spotted lanternfly has shown itself to be a significant pest of vineyards and ornamental plants and is likely to continue to spread to new areas. Factors that have contributed to its success as an invader include its wide host range and high mobility, which allow it to infest a wide range of habitats, including agricultural, urban, suburban, and managed and natural forested areas...

Complicit is a comic that investigates cultures' limitations in identifying and investigating their own blind spots. In health care, for example, medicine is a culture not always well equipped to see its capacity to harm patients or to save itself from harm incursion mechanisms endemic to White supremacy, which medicine has long promoted, intentionally or not, throughout its history.

The morbidity and mortality caused by endometrial cancer (EC) is still rising worldwide. In recent years, a new system of tumor stratification has been proposed based on POLE-mutational status, TP53, and microsatellite stability status. The aim of the study was to analyze a vast panel on the genes potentially involved in the genesis of endometrial cancer in the Polish population. One hundred and three white female patients with confirmed endometrial cancer were enrolled on the study. We performed sequencing using the Hot Spot Illumina panel and microsatellite stability with immunohistochemistry...

Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. is an important conifer species widely planted in southern China. A top blight, with an incidence of 20% (40/200 seedlings), occurred on 1-year-old seedlings of C. lanceolata in a nursery, Luzhai, Guangxi, China in August 2021. The disease mainly occurred on shoot tips. The infected needles and shoots appeared brown to brownish red. White conidial tendrils oozed from pycnidia under wet-weather conditions. Lesion margins from fresh samples were cut into small pieces (n=100), which were sterilized according to Mao et al...

Variants of the susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model of Kermack & McKendrick (1927) enjoy wide application in epidemiology, offering simple yet powerful inferential and predictive tools in the study of diverse infectious diseases across human, animal and plant populations. Direct transmission models (DTM) are a subset of these that treat the processes of disease transmission as comprising a series of discrete instantaneous events. Infections transmitted indirectly by persistent environmental pathogens, however, are examples where a DTM description might fail and are perhaps better described by models that comprise explicit environmental transmission routes, so-called environmental transmission models (ETM)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Spectral splitters, as well as solar concentrators, are commonly designed and optimized using numerical methods. Here, we present an experimental method to spectrally split and concentrate broadband light (420-875 nm) via wavefront shaping. We manage to spatially control white light using a phase-only spatial light modulator. As a result, we are able to split and concentrate three frequency bands, namely red (560-875 nm), green (425-620 nm), and blue (420-535 nm), to two target spots with a total enhancement factor of 715%...

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials and laboratory studies from around the world have shown that GC Tooth Mousse Plus® (TMP) is effective in protecting teeth from tooth decay and erosion, buffering dental plaque pH, remineralising white spot lesions and reducing dentine hypersensitivity. However, no other study has assessed the experiences of oral health, before, during and after individuals becoming regular users of TMP. The aim of this study was to identify how participants' oral health status changed after introducing TMP into their oral hygiene routine...

In January and March 2019, an inspection of 11 commercial 'Hass' avocado orchards in mid-North and Tauranga (New Zealand) was conducted by NZ Avocado Growers Association Inc. (NZAGA) and the samples were sent to Plant Diagnostics Limited for investigation of a newly observed fruit staining symptom termed "tannin stain". Fruit symptoms consisted of areas of minute small spots which coalesced into areas of tear staining associated with water movement over the fruit's surface (Supplementary Fig. 1). Up to seven trees per orchard were sampled targeting symptomatic fruit with the aim of determining the cause of the problem...

OBJECTIVES: We comparatively evaluated two HIV and syphilis blood sampling kits (dried blood spot (DBS) and mini tube (MT)) as part of an online STI postal sampling service that included tests for chlamydia and gonorrhoea. We aimed to see how the blood collection systems compared regarding sample return rates and result rates. Additionally, we aimed to observe differences in false-positive results and describe a request-to-result ratio (RRR)-the required number of kit requests needed to obtain one successful result...

The colors that people see depend not only on the surface properties of objects but also on how these properties interact with light as well as on how light reflected from objects interacts with an individual's visual system. Because individual visual systems vary, the same visual stimulus may elicit different perceptions from different individuals. #thedress phenomenon drove home this point: different individuals viewed the same image and reported it to be widely different colors: blue and black versus white and gold...

To call attention to the danger of extinction of the panda bear, the Lithuanian artist Ilja Klemencov created the artwork "They can disappear". The illustration is composed of black-and-white zigzagged lines, which form the famous panda logo of the World Wild Fund For Nature (WWF) when seen from a distance. If one is too close to the artwork, it is difficult to spot the bear, however, if one steps back or takes off one's glasses the panda suddenly appears. This led us to ask if the ability to see the panda is related to the visual acuity of the observer and if therefore, the panda illusion can be used to assess the spatial resolution of the eye...

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin that targets pigment-producing melanocytes and results in patches of depigmentation that are visible as white spots. Recent research studies have yielded a strong mechanistic understanding of this disease. Autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells engage melanocytes and promote disease progression through the local production of IFN-γ, and IFN-γ-induced chemokines are then secreted from surrounding keratinocytes to further recruit T cells to the skin through a positive-feedback loop...

A 59-year-old woman was diagnosed with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), with characteristic findings on capsule enteroscopy and confirmation by histopathological examination of biopsy specimens. We viewed the abnormal jejunal mucosa using a newly developed magnifying single-balloon enteroscope (SIF-Y0007). Conventional observation showed leakage of chyle. However, using this new scope, we could see scattered white villi, representing dilated lymphatic vessels within the intestinal villi protruding from the dilated submucosal lymphoid vessels (D2-40 positive) within an edematous jejunal lesion...

CASE REPORT: The case is presented of an 11 year-old girl referring to a one year history of photophobia and continuously seeing white spots in both eyes. The patient had a visual acuity of unity in both eyes, and a normal eye examination, and was referred to the Neuro-ophthalmology Unit. Once complete laboratory and imaging tests ruled out the possibility of any neurological pathology, she was diagnosed with visual snow (VS). DISCUSSION: VS is an isolated symptom, possibly part of the migraine aura, that is referred by patients reporting numerous and constant white dots moving in the visual field of BE...