thryoid

Observatios were made on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of the blood capillary endothelium, pericytes, and lymphatic endothelium in the course of studies of changes occurring in the thryoid gland during the development of thyroid hyperplasia. To induce the hyperplasia, Fischer rats were fed a goitrogen (thiouracil) an a low iodine diet for various time intervals from 3-100 days. Thyroid glands were fixed by perfusion with glutaryldehyde and embedded in Epon. A noticeable increase in the RER in the capillary endothelium was seen by 3 days...

Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed by decapitation at 5, 7, 12, 14, 22, 26, 32, and 40 days of age. Adult animals (175 to 225 g) were also studied. Serum-free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations rose rapidly between 5 and 12 days to levels similar to adult concentrations, whereas the percentage of FT4 was relatively high between 5 and 12 days before declining to adult values by 14 days. Serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations rose progressively to attain peak concentrations at 26 days and subsequently declined to adult levels by 40 days...

A thyroid tissue culture system has been established in which follicular morphology can be preserved for at least 30 days. The system is highly dependent on whether or not the medium supporting the cells is changed during the culture period. The high levels of TSH (40 mU/ml) normally used in thyroid culture systems enhance follicular morphology but are not a prerequisite for differentiation. In the absence of medium changes follicular morphology improves for up to 20 days after initiation of the culture. Thereafter, the cells die unless the medium is changed...

In 1976, a spontaneous outbreak of thyroid adenocarcinoma occurred in a captive population of kelp bass, Paralabrax clathratus. Of 180 adult fish that died over 18 months, more than 100 had thyroid lesions. Nodules varied in size, consisted microscopically of diffusely expansive sheets of thryoid-like follicles, were present in the gill filaments, and projected from the floor of the pharynx into the buccal cavity. Although few of the morphologic criteria for malignancy existed in individual cells, the metastatic nature of the neoplasms was evidenced by the focal presence of follicles within the internal organs of many fish...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Using commercially available test kits, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSIg), microsomal thryoid antibodies (MAK) und antibodies against thyroglobulin (TAK) were measured in sera of 201 patients. Over 13% inhibition of TSH-binding to TSH receptor (TSIg) was found in 18 of 25 (72%) patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, in 18 of 61 (30) patients with Graves' disease who have become euthyroid, in 4 of 33 (15%) patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, in one of 20 patients with hyperthyroid multinodular goitre or with iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, and in 2 of 55 patients with nontoxic goitre but in none of 7 patients with congenital hyperthyroidism...

Controversy exists concerning the management of solitary thryoid nodules because of conflicting information converning the high clinical incidence of thyroid nodules, the varying incidence of cancer reported in those surgically excised and the infrequency of death from thyroid cancer. During the past several years, a plan for evaluating patients with dominant thyroid masses has evolved. The objective is to avoid unnecessary operations by identifying patients with a high risk of cancer. The criteria which are used are the age and sex of the patient, the duration of the mass, 125I or 99mTc scans, 75Selenomethionine scans, B-mode ultrasonography and the response of the mass to suppressive therapy...

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In the course of studies on the occurrence of antithyroid antibodies in various thyroid disorders, serum antibodies to microsome of thyroid epithelial cells, as well as circulating antibodies to thyroglobulin, are demonstrated by tanned red cell hemaggulutination. These thyroglobulin and microsome-coated tanned red blood cells can be efficiently demonstrated with a commercially prepared reagent. (Fuji-Zoki Co.) The sera of 2,350 normal subjects were tested by these thryoid autoantibodies tests. Fifty-one (2...

Qualitative and quantitative studies of erythropoiesis in 23 patients with hypothyroidism and 21 patients with hyperthryoidism included routine hematologic evaluation, bone marrow morphology, status of serum iron, B12 and folate red blood cell mass and plasma volume by radioisotope methods, erythrokinetics and radiobioassay of plasma erythropoietin. A majority of patients with the hypothyroid state had significant reduction in red blood cell mas per kg of body weight. The presence of anemia in many of these patients was not evident from hemoglobin and hematocrit values due to concomitant reduction of plasma volume...

We have previously reported that a hypermetabolic state, resembling that produced by thryoid hormones, exists in the livers of animals treated chronically with ethanol. We propose that this alteration produces a relative hypoxia in the centrilobular zone of the liver which, if severe enough, leads to cellular death and to the production of hepatitis. Rats consuming ethanol for 30 days, given with a nutritionally adequate diet, and exposed to reduced oxygen tensions for only 6 hr, developed histological and biochemical evidence of hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory lesions confined to the centrilobular zone...

1. The QO2 of thyroid slices from hyperthyroid patients treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) was 140% that of slices from euthyroid patients. Similar results were obtained using thyroid slices from PTU fed and control chickens. 2. PTU feeding caused thyroid hyperplasia, increased QO2 more than could be accounted for by the hyperplasia but neither increased QO2 of muscle, cerebral cortex or spleen nor altered serum T4 levels. 3. PTU in drinking water increased the size and vascularity of thyroids from control but not hypophysectomized rats and had no effect on QO2...

Solitary thyroid nodules in childhood had a 40% to 70% incidence of malignancy in the era of low-dose therapeutic irradiation. In the last 15 years, 36 children have been evaluated for such nodules, with a final diagnoses of carcinoma in 17%, adenoma in 58%, and miscellaneous diagnoses in 26%. All patients with carcinoma were euthyroid and had no history of irradiation in infancy. Treatment included thyroidectomy and full-replacement thyroid therapy. Benign neoplasms were often "cold" by scan; all patients were euthyroid except one adolescent body with T3 toxicosis...

A young woman, whose psychiatric history covered 16 years, has been treated several times as in-patient for psychotic depression, which were finally cured with thyroid replacement therapy. Recent reports of the connection between depression and disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis are discussed. The authors question the suggestion that selective pituitary insufficiency and a defect in TSH release on TRF loading are rare phenomena.

The cytological picture of medullary carcinoma of the thryoid is characterized by so-called triangular cells with abundant cytoplasm and eccentrically situated nuclei. In the May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained smear the cytoplasm may contain azurophilic granules. Amyloid can usually be demonstrated. In this paper cytological features of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid showing spindle cell pattern are presented. The cytological smears, obtained by thin needle aspiration did not contain amyloid. The diagnosis medullary carcinoma was confirmed by the demonstration of amyloid in the histological sections of the tumour and by raised serum calcitonin levels...

1. The influence of thryoid function on the development of hypertension was studied in strains of spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and normotensive rats. 2. Surgical thyroidectomy decreased systolic blood pressure more markedly in SH rats than in normotensive rats. The effects of oral administration of 5 and 100 micrograms of thyroxine 24 h-1 100 g-1 were studied in the thyroidectomized animals. In the two strains the blood pressure returned to control levels only after administration of the larger dose. 3. The evolution of body weight, total plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) concentrations were followed as a function of age in SH rats and normotensive rats from 5 to 21 weeks...

Both calcitonin and somatostatin have been detected immunohistochemically in rabbit parafollicular cells; only calcitonin has been found in the same cells of the dog, guinea-pig and man. Large amounts of a peptide radioimmunochemically identical with synthetic somatostatin have been detected in extracts of rabbit thyroid. The ultrastructural and staining features of rabbit parafollicular cells differ from those of parafollicular cells in other species, while resembling in part those of somatostatin D cells scattered in the rabbit stomach...