keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33359477/understanding-the-neurophysiological-and-molecular-mechanisms-of-exercise-induced-neuroplasticity-in-cortical-and-descending-motor-pathways-where-do-we-stand
#21
REVIEW
Chiara Nicolini, Margaret Fahnestock, Martin J Gibala, Aimee J Nelson
Exercise is a promising, cost-effective intervention to augment successful aging and neurorehabilitation. Decline of gray and white matter accompanies physiological aging and contributes to motor deficits in older adults. Exercise is believed to reduce atrophy within the motor system and induce neuroplasticity which in turn helps preserve motor function during aging and promote re-learning of motor skills, for example after stroke. To fully exploit the benefits of exercise, it is crucial to gain a greater understanding of the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced brain changes that prime neuroplasticity and thus contribute to postponing, slowing and ameliorating age- and disease-related impairments in motor function...
December 23, 2020: Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33108651/untapping-the-health-enhancing-potential-of-vigorous-intermittent-lifestyle-physical-activity-vilpa-rationale-scoping-review-and-a-4-pillar-research-framework
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emmanuel Stamatakis, Bo-Huei Huang, Carol Maher, Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani, Afroditi Stathi, Paddy C Dempsey, Nathan Johnson, Andreas Holtermann, Josephine Y Chau, Catherine Sherrington, Amanda J Daley, Mark Hamer, Marie H Murphy, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Martin J Gibala
Recently revised public health guidelines acknowledge the health benefits of regular intermittent bouts of vigorous intensity incidental physical activity done as part of daily living, such as carrying shopping bags, walking uphill, and stair climbing. Despite this recognition and the advantages such lifestyle physical activity has over continuous vigorous intensity structured exercise, a scoping review we conducted revealed that current research in this area is, at best, rudimentary. Key gaps include the absence of an empirically-derived dose specification (e...
October 26, 2020: Sports Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32547386/fitness-level-influences-white-matter-microstructure-in-postmenopausal-women
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diana Harasym, Claudia V Turco, Chiara Nicolini, Stephen L Toepp, E Madison Jenkins, Martin J Gibala, Michael D Noseworthy, Aimee J Nelson
Aerobic exercise has both neuroprotective and neurorehabilitative benefits. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and need to be investigated, especially in postmenopausal women, who are at increased risk of age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. To advance our understanding of the potential neurological benefits of aerobic exercise in aging women, we examined anatomical and functional responses that may differentiate women of varying cardiorespiratory fitness using neuroimaging and neurophysiology...
2020: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32482330/a-single-bout-of-high-intensity-interval-exercise-increases-corticospinal-excitability-brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-and-uncarboxylated-osteolcalcin-in-sedentary-healthy-males
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chiara Nicolini, Bernadeta Michalski, Stephen L Toepp, Claudia V Turco, Tarra D'Hoine, Diana Harasym, Martin J Gibala, Margaret Fahnestock, Aimee J Nelson
Exercise induces neuroplasticity in descending motor pathways facilitating motor learning, and as such it could be utilized as an intervention in neurorehabilitation, for example when re-learning motor skills after stroke. To date, however, the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced neuroplasticity remain largely unknown impeding the potential utilization of exercise protocols as 'motor learning boosters' in clinical and non-clinical settings. Here, we assessed corticospinal excitability, intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and serum biochemical markers including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), total and precursor cathepsin B (tCTSB, proCTSB), uncarboxylated and carboxylated osteocalcin (unOCN, cOCN) and irisin using ELISA...
June 15, 2020: Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32362039/physiological-basis-of-interval-training-for-performance-enhancement
#25
REVIEW
Martin J Gibala
NEW FINDINGS: What is the topic of this review? This review considers the physiological basis of interval training for performance enhancement, with an emphasis on the capacity for aerobic energy provision. What advances does it highlight? It highlights advances regarding the effect of interval training on primary physiological determinants of aerobic energy provision, which are associated with performance. ABSTRACT: Interval training refers to an intermittent style of exercise, in which bouts of more intense effort are interspersed with recovery periods within a given training session...
December 2021: Experimental Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31978065/acute-high-intensity-and-moderate-intensity-interval-exercise-do-not-change-corticospinal-excitability-in-low-fit-young-adults
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jenin El-Sayes, Claudia V Turco, Lauren E Skelly, Mitchell B Locke, Martin J Gibala, Aimee J Nelson
Previous research has demonstrated a lack of neuroplasticity induced by acute exercise in low fit individuals, but the influence of exercise intensity is unclear. In the present study, we assessed the effect of acute high-intensity (HI) or moderate-intensity (MOD) interval exercise on neuroplasticity in individuals with low fitness, as determined by a peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) test (n = 19). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess corticospinal excitability via area under the motor evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curve before and following training...
2020: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31954551/carotid-artery-longitudinal-wall-motion-is-unaffected-by-12-weeks-of-endurance-sprint-interval-or-resistance-exercise-training
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jason S Au, Ninette Shenouda, Sara Y Oikawa, Jenna B Gillen, Robert W Morton, Martin J Gibala, Stuart M Phillips, Maureen J MacDonald
Carotid artery longitudinal wall motion (CALM) exhibits reduced magnitude in older adults and in individuals with chronic diseases, although longitudinal data are lacking to indicate how changes in CALM might develop over time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training in healthy men on CALM using a retrospective design. Carotid ultrasound data were analysed from two previous studies in which men performed 12 wk of moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (n = 9), sprint-interval training (n = 7), higher-repetition resistance exercise training (n = 15) or lower-repetition resistance exercise training (n = 15)...
April 2020: Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31691289/physiological-basis-of-brief-vigorous-exercise-to-improve-health
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martin J Gibala, Jonathan P Little
This review considers the physiological basis of brief vigorous exercise to improve health, with a focus on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and glycaemic control, and the potential underlying mechanisms involved. We defined 'brief' as a protocol lasting ≤15 min including warm-up, cool-down and recovery, and involving a total of ≤5 min of 'vigorous' exercise, which was classified as meeting or exceeding the lower end of the range for this relative intensity as per the criteria from the American College of Sports Medicine...
January 2020: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31618598/effect-of-short-term-high-intensity-exercise-training-on-human-skeletal-muscle-citrate-synthase-maximal-activity-single-versus-multiple-bouts-per-session
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martin J MacInnis, Lauren E Skelly, F Elizabeth Godkin, Brian J Martin, Thomas R Tripp, Mark A Tarnopolsky, Martin J Gibala
The legs of 9 men (age 21 ± 2 years, 45 ± 4 mL/(kg·min)) were randomly assigned to complete 6 sessions of high-intensity exercise training, involving either one or four 5-min bouts of counterweighted, single-leg cycling. Needle biopsies from vastus lateralis revealed that citrate synthase maximal activity increased after training in the 4-bout group ( p = 0.035) but not the 1-bout group ( p = 0.10), with a significant difference between groups post-training (13%, p = 0.021). Novelty Short-term training using brief intense exercise requires multiple bouts per session to increase mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle...
October 16, 2019: Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31556835/time-efficient-physical-training-for-enhancing-cardiovascular-function-in-midlife-and-older-adults-promise-and-current-research-gaps
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel H Craighead, Thomas C Heinbockel, Makinzie N Hamilton, E Fiona Bailey, Maureen J MacDonald, Martin J Gibala, Douglas R Seals
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in developed societies, and "midlife" (50-64 yr) and older (65+) men and women bear the great majority of the burden of CVD. Much of the increased risk of CVD in this population is attributable to CV dysfunction, including adverse changes in the structure and function of the heart, increased systolic blood pressure, and arterial dysfunction. The latter is characterized by increased arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction...
November 1, 2019: Journal of Applied Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31309577/crosstalk-proposal-exercise-training-intensity-is-more-important-than-volume-to-promote-increases-in-human-skeletal-muscle-mitochondrial-content
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martin J MacInnis, Lauren E Skelly, Martin J Gibala
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
August 2019: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31309557/rebuttal-from-martin-macinnis-lauren-skelly-and-martin-gibala
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martin J MacInnis, Lauren E Skelly, Martin J Gibala
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 15, 2019: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31175708/no-changes-in-corticospinal-excitability-biochemical-markers-and-working-memory-after-six-weeks-of-high-intensity-interval-training-in-sedentary-males
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chiara Nicolini, Stephen Toepp, Diana Harasym, Bernadeta Michalski, Margaret Fahnestock, Martin J Gibala, Aimee J Nelson
A single bout of aerobic exercise modulates corticospinal excitability, intracortical circuits, and serum biochemical markers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). These effects have important implications for the use of exercise in neurorehabilitation. Here, we aimed to determine whether increases in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) induced by 18 sessions of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over 6 weeks were accompanied by changes in corticospinal excitability, intracortical excitatory and inhibitory circuits, serum biochemical markers and working memory (WM) capacity in sedentary, healthy, young males...
June 2019: Physiological Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31093764/minimal-effect-of-walking-before-dinner-on-glycemic-responses-in-type-2-diabetes-outcomes-from-the-multi-site-e-paradigm-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jordan L Rees, Courtney R Chang, Monique E François, Alexis Marcotte-Chénard, Adeline Fontvieille, Nika D Klaprat, Rebecca A Dyck, Deanna R Funk, Gary Snydmiller, Kent Bastell, Florence E Godkin, Marie-Christine Dubé, Eléonor Riesco, Jon M McGavock, Jane E Yardley, Ronald J Sigal, Martin J Gibala, S John Weisnagel, Carla M Prado, Mary Jung, Ralph Manders, Terry Lee, Joel Singer, Normand G Boulé, Jonathan P Little
AIM: To examine the effect of walking before dinner on 24-h glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes using the standardized multi-site Exercise-Physical Activity and Diabetes Glucose Monitoring (E-PAraDiGM) Protocol. METHODS: Eighty participants were studied under two conditions (exercise vs. non-exercise control) separated by 72 h in a randomized crossover design. Each condition lasted 2 days during which standardized meals were provided. Exercise consisted of 50 min of treadmill walking at 5...
May 15, 2019: Acta Diabetologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31077738/the-effects-of-biological-sex-and-ovarian-hormones-on-exercise-induced-neuroplasticity
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jenin El-Sayes, Claudia V Turco, Lauren E Skelly, Chiara Nicolini, Margaret Fahnestock, Martin J Gibala, Aimee J Nelson
Acute aerobic exercise induces short-term neuroplasticity, although it remains unknown whether biological sex and ovarian hormones influence this response. The present study investigated the effects of biological sex and ovarian hormones on short-term neuroplasticity induced by acute aerobic exercise. Young active adults (n = 17 males and n = 17 females; 21 ± 2 years) participated in two sessions in which TMS measures were acquired immediately before and after a 20-min bout of moderate-intensity cycling at 65-70% of maximal heart rate...
May 8, 2019: Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30932280/skeletal-muscle-mitochondrial-bioenergetics-in-humans-does-sex-matter
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lauren E Skelly, Martin J Gibala
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 2019: Experimental Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30847639/sprint-exercise-snacks-a-novel-approach-to-increase-aerobic-fitness
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan P Little, Jodi Langley, Michael Lee, Etienne Myette-Côté, Garett Jackson, Cody Durrer, Martin J Gibala, Mary E Jung
PURPOSE: Sprint interval training (SIT), involving brief intermittent bursts of vigorous exercise within a single training session, is a time-efficient way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). It is unclear whether performing sprints spread throughout the day with much longer (≥ 1 h) recovery periods can similarly improve CRF, potentially allowing individuals to perform "sprint snacks" throughout the day to gain health benefits. METHODS: Healthy, young, inactive adults (~ 22 years, peak oxygen uptake [VO2 peak] ~ 35 ml kg- 1  min- 1 ) were randomly assigned to one of two groups and performed 18 training sessions over 6 wks...
March 7, 2019: European Journal of Applied Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30835436/characterization-of-the-human-skeletal-muscle-metabolome-for-elucidating-the-mechanisms-of-bicarbonate-ingestion-on-strenuous-interval-exercise
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michelle Saoi, Michael Percival, Carine Nemr, Alice Li, Martin J Gibala, Philip Britz-McKibbin
Bicarbonate has long been touted as a putative ergogenic aid that improves exercise performance and blood buffering capacity during strenuous exercise. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of bicarbonate intake on skeletal muscle metabolism have yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, we apply two orthogonal analytical platforms for nontargeted profiling of metabolites and targeted analysis of electrolytes from mass-limited muscle tissue biopsies (≈ 2 mg dried mass) when using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS) and CE with indirect UV detection, respectively...
March 5, 2019: Analytical Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30649897/do-stair-climbing-exercise-snacks-improve-cardiorespiratory-fitness
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth M Jenkins, Leah Nicole Nairn, Lauren E Skelly, Jonathan P Little, Martin J Gibala
We investigated the effect of stair climbing exercise "snacks" on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Sedentary young adults were randomly assigned to perform 3 bouts/d of vigorously ascending a three-flight stairwell (60 steps), separated by 1-4 h of recovery, 3d/wk for 6 wk, or a non-training control group (n=12 each). VO2peak was higher in the climbers post-intervention (P=0.003), suggesting that stair climbing "snacks" are effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, although the absolute increase was modest...
January 16, 2019: Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30255712/interval-training-a-time-efficient-exercise-strategy-to-improve-cardiometabolic-health
#40
EDITORIAL
Jenna B Gillen, Martin J Gibala
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 2018: Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
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