Balanced diet

This study evaluated if vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) influences growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and digestive enzyme activity. Sixteen wether lambs (69.6 ± 1.9 kg) were housed in individual pens, adapted to a corn grain-based diet, and randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups. Lambs were injected intraperitoneally every other day for 28 days with saline (0.9% NaCl) containing no VIP (n = 8; control) or containing VIP (n = 8; 1.3 nmol/kg BW). All lambs were transferred to individual metabolic crates for the final seven days of the experiment to measure nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibility...

BACKGROUND: Childhood overweight and obesity is becoming an emerging face of malnutrition. The aims of this study were to develop fatty acid (FAs) related dietary patterns and explored the associations of FAs related dietary patterns with overweight and obesity among Chinese children. METHODS: An observational study was conducted on 435 children aged 4 to 7 years old in South Central China. Erythrocyte FAs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry...

Approximately 1 in 4 people worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, there are currently no medications to treat this condition. This study investigated the role of adiposity-associated orphan G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) in liver lipid accumulation. We profiled Gpr75 expression and report that it is most abundant in the brain. Next, we generated the first single-cell-level analysis of Gpr75 and identified a subpopulation co-expressed with key appetite-regulating hypothalamic neurons...

BACKGROUND: Older people require extra attention due to their reduced ability to prepare for disasters, as they adequately possess distinct needs. These groups necessitate uncomplicated, readily consumable, and palatable food options that fulfill their micronutrient needs. The objective of this research was to assess the effects of a snack bar enriched with api-api mangrove ( Avicennia marina ) and sword bean ( Canavalia ensiformis ) on the body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) of older people individuals afflicted by a landslide event...

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) stands a prevalent chronic liver condition significantly influenced by oxidative stress. We investigated the unclear relationship between antioxidant-rich diet and lifestyle and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence rate and mortality in adult patients with NAFLD. METHODS: This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHAENS) spanning from 1999 to 2018 to investigate the association between adherence to an antioxidant-rich diet and lifestyle and the cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence rate and mortality in adult patients with NAFLD...

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition refers to an overall deficiency of nutrients due to an inadequate intake of a well-balanced diet. Undernourishment during pregnancy is an important contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. It remains a persistent problem in developing countries, where women usually fall behind men in having access to food, health care, and education. Despite the high prevalence of maternal undernourishment, its direct impact on obstetric outcomes has not been studied in developing countries, including Ethiopia...

Bile acids are synthesised in the liver and are essential amphiphilic steroids for maintaining the balance of cholesterol and energy metabolism in livestock and poultry. They can be used as novel feed additives to promote fat utilisation in the diet and the absorption of fat-soluble substances in the feed to improve livestock performance and enhance carcass quality. With the development of understanding of intestinal health, the balance of bile acid metabolism is closely related to the composition and growth of livestock intestinal microbiota, inflammatory response, and metabolic diseases...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is the result of energy intake (EI) chronically exceeding energy expenditure. However, the potential metabolic factors, including insulin resistance, remain unclear. This study longitudinally investigated factors associated with changes in body weight. SUBJECTS: A cohort of 707 adults without diabetes were investigated at the 4-year follow-up visit. The habitual intake of energy and macronutrients during the past 12 months was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire for the local population...

Sex differences in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have been reported. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the progression of MASLD. Thus, we aimed to evaluate liver redox homeostasis and inflammation in male and female rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male and female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: standard chow diet (SCD) or HFD during 12 weeks. HFD groups of both sexes had higher hepatocyte injury, with no differences between the sexes. Portal space liver inflammation was higher in females-HFD compared to females-SCD, whereas no differences were observed in males...

Micronutrients are nutrients the body needs in small quantities, such as vitamins and minerals. Micronutrient deficiencies can occur when an individual is restricting calorie intake for weight loss or management, not consuming an adequate amount of food to meet energy requirements due to poor appetite or illness, eliminating one or more food groups from the diet on a regular basis, or consuming a diet low in micronutrient-rich foods despite adequate or excessive energy intake. Patient groups at risk include older adults, pregnant patients, patients with alcohol use disorder, patients with vegetarian or vegan diets, and patients with increased requirements secondary to medical conditions or long-term drug use that alters nutrient absorption, metabolism, or excretion...

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to develop and validate a Social Cognitive Theory-based instrument to identify psychosocial factors that influence diet and physical activity among Chinese children aged 10-12 years. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study, with data collected from questionnaires. SETTING: Two elementary schools in Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS: Fourth to sixth-grade students (N = 1,486) aged 10-12 years were recruited...

BACKGROUND: Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) is a tool for assessing the oxidative stress-related exposures of diet and lifestyle. The study aimed to investigate the association between OBS and low muscle mass. METHODS: Overall, 6,307 individuals over the age of 18 were assessed using data from the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression and models were used, together with adjusted models. RESULTS: There was a negative relationship between OBS and low muscle mass [odds ratio (OR): 0...

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INTRODUCTION: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a psycho-socio-biological disease characterized by severe weight loss as result of dieting and hyperactivity. Effective treatments are scarce, despite its significant prevalence and mortality. AN patients show lower basal insulin levels and increased metabolic clearance, leading to weight loss, cognitive deficits, and hormonal imbalances. Low-dose polymer insulin could potentially reverse these effects by restoring brain function, reducing fear of weight gain, encouraging food intake, and restoring fat depots...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose of the article is to form the parameters of vitamin D status in young children in the ethnic group of Kazakh nationality with the factor of highlighting the necessary recommendations for the prevention of hypovitaminosis D. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Methods for the study of the highlighted problem are the diagnosis of young children in the parameter of clinical and anamnestic research, which includes the collection of anamnestic data of children of Kazakh nationality within the framework of the identified data based on a questionnaire of parents, an evaluation component in the child's health factor at the level of his initial state, and laboratory analysis to determine 25(OH)D to identify the content of vitamin D using the method of electrochemiluminescent immunoassay...

Recent advances in fatty acid analysis have highlighted the links between lipid disruption and disease development. Lipid abnormalities are well-established risk factors for many of the most common chronic illnesses, and their involvement in asthma is also becoming clear. Here, we review research demonstrating the role of abnormal lipid metabolism in asthma, with a focus on saturated fatty acids and sphingolipids. High levels of palmitic acid, the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the human body, have been found in the airways of asthmatic patients with obesity, and were shown to worsen eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma model mice on a high-fat diet...

How individuals balance costs and benefits of group living remains central to understanding sociality. In relation to diet, social foraging provides many advantages but also increases competition. Nevertheless, social individuals may offset increased competition by broadening their diet and consuming novel foods. Despite the expected relationships between social behavior and dietary decisions, how sociality shapes individuals' novel food consumption remains largely untested in natural populations. Here, we use wild great tits to experimentally test how sociality predicts dietary decisions...

While advances in screening have resulted in declining rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) among adults ≥50 years of age since the mid-2000s, the incidence of early-onset CRC (EOCRC) has steadily increased over the last decade. This increase is not fully accounted for by hereditary factors, and the hypothesis that a sedentary lifestyle and obesity are the primary culprits is not fully supported by recent reports indicating that many affected individuals lead active lifestyles, maintain normal weight, and are otherwise healthy...

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between oxidative balance score (OBS), an emerging integrative metric for assessing individual redox homeostasis, and the prevalence of stroke in the general population remains unknown. We aimed to explore these relationships in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We investigated the relationship between the oxidative balance score (OBS) and stroke prevalence using NHANES data from 1999-2018. METHODS: We included eligible individuals from NHANES 1999-2018...

OBJECTIVES: Tooth wear (TW), also referred to as tooth surface loss (TSL), occurs due to causes other than caries. This involves the loss of hard tissues, namely enamel, dentin and/or cementum. Types of TW/TSL are abrasion, abfraction, attrition and erosion. These multifactorial conditions can be caused things such as lifestyle, diet or even habits and may not be symptomatic. The focus of this article is to provide clinicians with detailed examples and explanations of the causes of tooth loss to aid in early diagnosis...