Cochrane review

INTRODUCTION: Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a leading cause of pain and disability globally with a lack of consensus on the appropriate treatment of those suffering from this condition. Recent advancements in both pharmacotherapy and interventional approaches have broadened the treatment options for PDN. There exists a need for a comprehensive guideline for the safe and effective treatment of patients suffering from PDN. OBJECTIVE: The SWEET Guideline was developed to provide clinicians with the most comprehensive guideline for the safe and appropriate treatment of patients suffering from PDN...

Nursing care plays a crucial role in the management of cancer pain, but nurses often face challenges due to inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes towards opioid use, and suboptimal pain evaluation practices. This scoping review aims to examine nurses' level of knowledge and practices in cancer pain management and identify the barriers they encounter when caring for patients with cancer. A comprehensive search of 50 articles was conducted using multiple databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase Classic + EMBASE (Ovid), The Cochrane Library (Wiley), and CINAHL...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is related to various diseases such as endocrine metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. We provide an evidence-based evaluation for the effect of massage on patients with obesity. METHODS: Relevant literature published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other databases were searched until October 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. A p value less than 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference...

Objectives: There is no curative treatment for childhood obesity. We aim to synthesize published Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) evidence on the efficacy of exenatide in obese children and adolescents. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search and analysis of relevant studies in popular databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Our focus was on RCTs that examined the effectiveness of exenatide for treating obesity in children. We primarily assessed changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), or HbA1c levels...

Objectives: Amidst rising global burden of depression and the associated challenges with conventional antidepressant therapies, there is a growing interest in exploring the efficacy and safety of alternative treatments. This study uses a Bayesian network meta-analysis to rigorously evaluate the therapeutic potential of Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of depression, focusing on their comparative efficacy and safety against standard pharmacological interventions. Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Wanfang Data, EMBASE, CNKI, and the Cochrane Library) and grey literature were searched from inception to end of July 2023 to identify studies that assessed the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines in treating depression...

BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) are a priority population in HCV elimination programming. Overcoming sex and gender disparities in HCV risk, prevention, and the cascade of care is likely to be important to achieving this goal, but these have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Pubmed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1 January 2012-22 January 2024 for studies of any design reporting sex or gender differences among PWID in at least one of: sharing of needles and/or syringes, incarceration history, injection while incarcerated, participation in opioid agonist treatment or needle and syringe programs, HCV testing, spontaneous HCV clearance, direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment initiation or completion, and sustained virological response (SVR)...

INTRODUCTION: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder in adults, with an estimated incidence of up to 1% of the population and 5% of people older than 65 years of age. ET is manifested primarily by bilateral postural and kinetic tremor of the upper limbs with or without neurological symptoms and cognitive deficits. ET disrupts daily tasks and significantly lowers quality of life. Currently available medications alone are often insufficient to control severe symptoms...

BACKGROUND: Understandable, comprehensive, and accessible educational materials for patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are lacking. Patients consistently ask for improved access to evidence-based information about ILD. Nonetheless, few research studies focus directly on developing and evaluating interventions to improve patient knowledge. OBJECTIVE: We describe the current landscape of patient education in ILD, identify gaps in current approaches to information delivery, and provide frameworks to address these challenges through novel educational tools...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) highlighted the effect of maladaptive cognitive processing in the development and maintenance of PTSD. PTSD is related to attentional bias (AB) toward threatening stimuli and greater attentional bias variability (ABV). Attentional bias modification (ABM) and attention control training (ACT) have demonstrated the effect of improving PTSD, but the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are controversial. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to evaluate the extent of evidence supporting the efficacy of ABM in the treatment of PTSD...

OBJECTIVE: Meta-analysis focusing on the role of first-trimester neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the prediction of preeclampsia. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were queried from inception up to December 31, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: The study included all types of original research that was conducted in humans and values of NLR were measured during the first trimester, among patients who later developed preeclampsia, compared to the values of control groups...

BACKGROUND: Massage therapy is an effective non-pharmacological intervention in treating pain and anxiety of patients with cancer. Prior studies have reviewed the benefits of massage therapy in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, radiation, and other patient-specific cancer treatments. What has yet to be examined is the effects of massage therapy on the pain and anxiety of patients with breast cancer after surgery. OBJECTIVE: : The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of massage therapy on post-surgical pain and anxiety in patients with breast cancer...

BACKGROUND: To examine the artificial intelligence (AI) tools currently being studied in modern medical education, and critically evaluate the level of validation and the quality of evidence presented in each individual study. METHODS: This review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023410752) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library...

AIM: To systematically review the types of spiritual interventions available for colorectal cancer survivors and determine if they improve their lives. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCE: A thorough literature search was conducted in July 2023 using PRIMO, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE. REVIEW METHODS: As an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis reporting guideline was employed...

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BACKGROUND: Midregional-proAdrenomedullin (MR-proADM) has been recently proposed as a tool in patients with sepsis and septic shock. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic role of MR-proADM in hospitalized patients with sepsis and septic shock. METHODS: PRISMA guideline was followed. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to June 2023. Primary outcome was mean difference in MR-proADM among survivors and nonsurvivors, secondary outcome mean difference in MR-proADM according to infection severity and type...

AIM: Dietary patterns could have a notable role in shaping gut microbiota composition. Evidence confirms the positive impact of the Mediterranean diet (MD), as one of the most studied healthy dietary patterns, on the gut microbiota profile. We conducted this systematic review to investigate the results of observational studies and clinical trials regarding the possible changes in the gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and clinical outcomes following adherence to MD in healthy cases or patients suffering from metabolic disorders...

BACKGROUND: Chylous leakage is a rare complication following esophagectomy; however, it can lead to mortality. We aimed to systematically evaluate the factors that may lead to increased chylous leakage after esophagectomy. METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for all studies investigating the occurrence of chylous leakage after esophagectomy. RESULTS: A total of 32 studies were identified, including 26 randomized controlled trials and 3 cohort and case-control studies, each...

BACKGROUND: Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is a prevalent precancerous lesion with limited non-pharmacological treatment options. Surgery and various lasers are the mainstay of treatment; however, their relative efficacy and optimal choice remain unclear. This first network meta-analysis compared the effects of different lasers and surgical excision on post-treatment recurrence and comfort in OLK patients. METHODS: We searched four databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to April 2023...

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatologic preexisting autoimmune disease (PAD) have not been enrolled in clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, the risks and benefits of ICI therapy in such patients are unclear. Herein, we investigated the safety and efficacy of ICIs in rheumatologic PAD patients through a meta-analysis. METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for additional studies. We analyzed the following data through Stata software: incidence of total irAEs (TirAEs), rate of flares, incidence of new on-set irAEs, rate of discontinuation, objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR)...

Heart failure can lead to cognitive impairment that is estimated to be present in over a quarter of patients. It is important to intervene at a cognitive level to promote brain plasticity through cognitive training programs. Interventions transformed by technology offer the promise of improved cognitive health for heart failure patients. This review was conducted on studies evaluating the role of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with heart failure. We examined clinical trials involving patients with heart failure...