keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539117/methodological-insights-into-chatgpt-s-screening-performance-in-systematic-reviews
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahbod Issaiy, Hossein Ghanaati, Shahriar Kolahi, Madjid Shakiba, Amir Hossein Jalali, Diana Zarei, Sina Kazemian, Mahsa Alborzi Avanaki, Kavous Firouznia
BACKGROUND: The screening process for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in medical research is a labor-intensive and time-consuming task. While machine learning and deep learning have been applied to facilitate this process, these methods often require training data and user annotation. This study aims to assess the efficacy of ChatGPT, a large language model based on the Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT) architecture, in automating the screening process for systematic reviews in radiology without the need for training data...
March 27, 2024: BMC Medical Research Methodology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539082/assessment-of-the-e-value-in-the-presence-of-bias-amplification-a-simulation-study
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric Barrette, Lucas Higuera, Kael Wherry
BACKGROUND: The E-value, a measure that has received recent attention in the comparative effectiveness literature, reports the minimum strength of association between an unmeasured confounder and the treatment and outcome that would explain away the estimated treatment effect. This study contributes to the literature on the applications and interpretations of E-values by examining how the E-value is impacted by data with varying levels of association of unobserved covariates with the treatment and outcome measure when covariate adjustment is applied...
March 28, 2024: BMC Medical Research Methodology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538859/training-of-young-medical-professionals-implementation-of-modern-training-concepts-taking-into-account-the-changed-framework-conditions-for-training-a-pilot-project-for-operational-subjects
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Findeklee, B Haj Hamoud, K Diedrich, R M Sima, E-F Solomayer, C Spüntrup
INTRODUCTION: For years, generations of medical students have complained that practice-oriented learning is neglected in medical studies. Further training assistants also complain about limited opportunities to learn subject-specific practical activities. MATERIAL AND TECHNIQUES: We are presenting a pilot project at the University Women's Hospital in Homburg, in which medical students complete an endoscopic hands-on course as part of the block internship gynaecology and obstetrics...
March 27, 2024: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538814/a-novel-breast-cancer-image-classification-model-based-on-multiscale-texture-feature-analysis-and-dynamic-learning
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jia Guo, Hao Yuan, Binghua Shi, Xiaofeng Zheng, Ziteng Zhang, Hongyan Li, Yuji Sato
Assistive medical image classifiers can greatly reduce the workload of medical personnel. However, traditional machine learning methods require large amounts of well-labeled data and long learning times to solve medical image classification problems, which can lead to high training costs and poor applicability. To address this problem, a novel unsupervised breast cancer image classification model based on multiscale texture analysis and a dynamic learning strategy for mammograms is proposed in this paper. First, a gray-level cooccurrence matrix and Tamura coarseness are used to transfer images to multiscale texture feature vectors...
March 27, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538014/effect-of-ventilator-settings-on-mechanical-power-during-simulated-mechanical-ventilation-of-patients-with-ards
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamad F El-Khatib, Salah M Zeinelddine, Thuraya H HajAli, Marwan Rizk, Matthias van der Staay, Robert L Chatburn
BACKGROUND: In recent years, mechanical power (MP) has emerged as an important concept that can significantly impact outcomes from mechanical ventilation. Several individual components of ventilatory support such as tidal volume (VT ), breathing frequency, and PEEP have been shown to contribute to the extent of MP delivered from a mechanical ventilator to patients in respiratory distress/failure. The aim of this study was to identify which common individual setting of mechanical ventilation is more efficient in maintaining safe and protective levels of MP using different modes of ventilation in simulated subjects with ARDS...
March 27, 2024: Respiratory Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537429/mass-manufacturable-scintillation-based-optical-fiber-dosimeters-for-brachytherapy
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnieszka Gierej, Tigran Baghdasaryan, Michael Martyn, Peter Woulfe, Owen Mc Laughlin, Kevin Prise, Geraldine Workman, Sinead O'Keeffe, Kurt Rochlitz, Sergey Verlinski, Agnese Giaz, Romualdo Santoro, Massimo Caccia, Francis Berghmans, Jürgen Van Erps
Scintillation-based fiber dosimeters are a powerful tool for minimally invasive localized real-time monitoring of the dose rate during Low Dose Rate (LDR) and High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT). This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of such dosimeters, consisting of scintillating sensor tips attached to polymer optical fiber (POF). The sensor tips consist of inorganic scintillators, i.e. Gd2 O2 S:Tb for LDR-BT, and Y2 O3 :Eu+4YVO4 :Eu for HDR-BT, dispersed in a polymer host...
March 21, 2024: Biosensors & Bioelectronics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536742/effectiveness-of-simulation-models-and-digital-alternatives-in-training-ophthalmoscopy-a-systematic-review
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin Paik, Nicole Tze-Yan Ngai, Jess Rhee, Kendrick Co Shih, Khyber Alam, Louis Tong
PURPOSE: Traditional direct ophthalmoscopy (TDO) is the oldest method of fundus examination; however, it has fallen out of use due to its technical difficulty and limitations to clinical utility, amidst the advent of potentially better options. A spectrum of new technologies may help in addressing the shortcomings of TDO: simulation mannequins with non-tracked TDO, simulation models with tracked TDO, and smartphone ophthalmoscopy (SFO). METHODOLOGY: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for all studies evaluating usage of simulation mannequins/models and SFO in ophthalmology education was performed, from inception till April 2023 with no language restriction...
March 27, 2024: Medical Teacher
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536715/workspace-and-dexterity-analysis-of-the-hybrid-mechanism-master-robot-in-sina-flex-robotic-telesurgery-system-an-in-vivo-experiment
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mehrnaz Aghanouri, Hamid Moradi, Hossein A Alibeik, Alireza Mirbagheri
Sinaflex robotic telesurgery system has been introduced recently to provide ergonomic postures for the surgeon along with dexterous workspace for robotic telesurgery. The robot is described, and the forward and inverse kinematics are derived and validated by an experiment. The robot and operational workspaces and their dexterity are investigated and compared using the data collected during a dog vasectomy robotic telesurgery by Sinaflex . According to the simulation results, the workspace of the end effector is as large as 914...
February 2024: International Journal of Medical Robotics + Computer Assisted Surgery: MRCAS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536679/multi-path-fusion-in-sfcf-net-for-enhanced-multi-frequency-electrical-impedance-tomography
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiang Tian, Jian'an Ye, Tao Zhang, Liangliang Zhang, Xuechao Liu, Feng Fu, Xuetao Shi, Canhua Xu
Multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography (mfEIT) offers a nondestructive imaging technology that reconstructs the distribution of electrical characteristics within a subject based on the impedance spectral differences among biological tissues. However, the technology faces challenges in imaging multi-class lesion targets when the conductivity of background tissues is frequency-dependent. To address these issues, we propose a spatial-frequency cross-fusion network (SFCF-Net) imaging algorithm, built on a multi-path fusion structure...
March 27, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535716/interprofessional-paediatric-high-fidelity-simulation-training-a-mixed-methods-study-of-experiences-and-readiness-among-nursing-and-medical-students
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Helmut Beichler, Simone Grandy, Silke Neumaier, Anneliese Lilgenau, Hannah Schwarz, Michael Wagner
BACKGROUND: Training in communication skills between nursing and medical students during interprofessional paediatric emergency simulation training represents a significant aspect of safe patient care. Evidence highlights that poor communication in paediatric emergency scenarios jeopardises patient safety. Through realistic simulations, students practice the communication strategies of crisis resource management (CRM), such as "closed-loop communication", "speaking up", and "team time-out"...
March 7, 2024: Nursing Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535489/pragmatic-approach-to-in-situ-simulation-to-identify-latent-safety-threats-before-moving-to-a-newly-built-icu
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aarti Sarwal, Nicholas A Morris, Janet Crumpler, Terri Gordon, Ian Saunders, James E Johnson, Jeff E Carter
OBJECTIVES: Transitions to new care environments may have unexpected consequences that threaten patient safety. We undertook a quality improvement project using in situ simulation to learn the new patient care environment and expose latent safety threats before transitioning patients to a newly built adult ICU. DESIGN: Descriptive review of a patient safety initiative. SETTING: A newly built 24-bed neurocritical care unit at a tertiary care academic medical center...
March 27, 2024: Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534892/mastering-sedation-and-associated-respiratory-events-through-simulation-based-training-a-randomised-controlled-trial-involving-non-anaesthesiology-residents
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jean-Noël Evain, Tran Do, Hakim Harkouk, Pierre Drolet, Roger Perron, Mihai Georgescu, Arnaud Robitaille, Issam Tanoubi
Non-anaesthetists commonly administer procedural sedation worldwide, posing the risk of respiratory events that can lead to severe complications. This study aimed to evaluate whether simulation-based learning could lead to enhancements in the clinical proficiency of non-anaesthesiology residents in managing sedation and related respiratory complications. Following the evaluation of baseline clinical performance through a pre-test simulation, 34 residents were randomly allocated to either participate in an innovative simulation-based learning module (intervention group) or view a brief self-learning video (control group)...
February 23, 2024: European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534548/correlation-between-malocclusion-and-mandibular-fractures-an-experimental-study-comparing-dynamic-finite-element-models-and-clinical-case-studies
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giorgio Novelli, Andrea Filippi, Andrea Cartocci, Sergio Mirabella, Marco Talarico, Elena De Ponti, Maria Costanza Meazzini, Davide Sozzi, Gabriele Canzi, Marco Anghileri
Mandibular fractures are very common in maxillofacial trauma surgery. While previous studies have focused on possible risk factors related to post-operative complications, none have tried to identify pre-existing conditions that may increase the risk of mandibular fractures. We hypothesized, through clinical observation, that anatomical conditions involving poor dental contacts, such as malocclusions, may increase the risk of mandibular fractures. This work was subdivided into two parts. In the first part, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data of four healthy patients characterized by different dentoskeletal occlusions (class I, class II, class III, and anterior open bite) have been used to develop four finite element models (FEMs) that accurately reproduce human bone structure...
March 12, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534523/profile-of-a-multivariate-observation-under-destructive-sampling-a-monte-carlo-approach-to-a-case-of-spina-bifida
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tianyuan Guan, Rigwed Tatu, Koffi Wima, Marc Oria, Jose L Peiro, Chia-Ying Lin, Marepalli B Rao
A biodegradable hybrid polymer patch was invented at the University of Cincinnati to cover gaps on the skin over the spinal column of a growing fetus, characterized by the medical condition spina bifida. The inserted patch faces amniotic fluid (AF) on one side and cerebrospinal fluid on the other side. The goal is to provide a profile of the roughness of a patch over time at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks with a 95% confidence band. The patch is soaked in a test tube filled with either amniotic fluid (AF) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in the lab...
March 3, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534513/computational-rhinology-unraveling-discrepancies-between-in-silico-and-in-vivo-nasal-airflow-assessments-for-enhanced-clinical-decision-support
#35
REVIEW
Sverre Gullikstad Johnsen
Computational rhinology is a specialized branch of biomechanics leveraging engineering techniques for mathematical modelling and simulation to complement the medical field of rhinology. Computational rhinology has already contributed significantly to advancing our understanding of the nasal function, including airflow patterns, mucosal cooling, particle deposition, and drug delivery, and is foreseen as a crucial element in, e.g., the development of virtual surgery as a clinical, patient-specific decision support tool...
February 28, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534117/psychometric-properties-of-entrustable-professional-activity-based-objective-structured-clinical-examinations-during-transition-from-undergraduate-to-graduate-medical-education-a-generalizability-study
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manish Suneja, Kate DuChene Hanrahan, Clarence Kreiter, Jane Rowat
PURPOSE: The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) assesses clinical competence in health sciences education. There is little research regarding the reliability and validity of using an OSCE during the transition from undergraduate to graduate medical education. The goal of this study was to measure the reliability of a unique 2-rater entrustable professional activity (EPA)-based OSCE format for transition to internship using generalizability theory for estimating reliability...
March 26, 2024: Academic Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534071/study-of-hydration-repulsion-of-zwitterionic-polymer-brushes-resistant-to-protein-adhesion-through-molecular-simulations
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinzhong Song, Jia Man, Yinghua Qiu, Jiali Wang, Ruijian Li, Yongqi Zhang, Guanghui Cui, Jianyong Li, Jianfeng Li, Yuguo Chen
The fabrication of antifouling zwitterionic polymer brushes represents a leading approach to mitigate nonspecific adhesion on the surfaces of medical devices. This investigation seeks to elucidate the correlation between the material composition and structural attributes of these polymer brushes in preventing protein adhesion. To achieve this goal, we modeled three different zwitterionic brushes, namely, carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), and (2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-phosphorylcholine (MPC)...
March 27, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533898/effective-vaccination-strategies-for-human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection-and-cervical-cancer-based-on-the-mathematical-model-with-a-stochastic-process
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Minsoo Kim, Eunjung Kim
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection poses a significant risk to women's health by causing cervical cancer. In addition to HPV, cervical cancer incidence rates can be influenced by various factors, including human immunodeficiency virus and herpes, as well as screening policy. In this study, a mathematical model with stochastic processes was developed to analyze HPV transmission between genders and its subsequent impact on cervical cancer incidence. The model simulations suggest that both-gender vaccination is far more effective than female-only vaccination in preventing an increase in cervical cancer incidence...
April 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532677/-improving-the-standby-process-completion-rate-among-nurses-for-high-risk-neonates
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mo-Fen Wu, Li-Ying Chung
BACKGROUND & PROBLEMS: Readiness process effectiveness significantly impacts the safety of high-risk neonates and requires an immediately responsive and well-trained healthcare team. Analysis of our unit found the high-risk neonatal standby process completion rate among nursing staff to be very low. Reasons for this poor level of performance included absence of standardized procedures for high-risk neonatal standby, lack of an auditing system, inadequate education and training, multiple medical supplies in the standby kits, absence of a checklist for the kits, and failure to regularly inventory the contents of these kits...
April 2023: Hu Li za Zhi the Journal of Nursing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532377/the-need-for-and-acceptability-of-a-curriculum-to-train-nursing-and-medical-students-in-the-sexual-healthcare-of-clients-with-female-genital-mutilation-cutting-in-tanzania
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dorkasi L Mwakawanga, Agnes F Massae, Nidhi Kohli, Gift Gadiel Lukumay, Corissa T Rohloff, Stella Emmanuel Mushy, Lucy R Mgopa, Dickson Ally Mkoka, Ever Mkonyi, Maria Trent, Michael W Ross, B R Simon Rosser, Jennifer Connor
BACKGROUND: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is tied to one of the most conservative cultures in the Mediterranean and Sub-Saharan Africa. More than 200 million girls and women in 30 African, Asian and the middle Eastern countries have undergone FGM/C. However, healthcare professionals are not adequately trained to prevent and manage FGM/C-related complications including sexual health problems. This study aimed to assess the need and acceptability of a curriculum to train nursing and medical students in the sexual healthcare of clients with FGM/C in Tanzania...
March 26, 2024: BMC Women's Health
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