Yugoslavia

Puccinia xanthii Schw. is a microcyclic rust fungus, first found on Xanthium strumarium Lour in North Carolina, the United States. This rust fungus is native to the continental United States, Hawaii, Mexico, and the West Indies (Arthur 1934). It has become notoriously invasive and is now distributed in the Europe (Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Spain, and the former Yugoslavia), India, Indonesia, Australia, and South Africa (Parmelee 1969; Alcorn 1976; Wahyuno 2012). In East Asia, the fungus has been reported in Japan (Hiratsuka et al...

Background: During peacekeeping missions, military personnel may be involved in or exposed to potentially morally injurious experiences (PMIEs), such as an inability to intervene due to a limited mandate. While exposure to such morally transgressive events has been shown to lead to moral injury in combat veterans, research on moral injury in peacekeepers is limited. Objective: We aimed to determine patterns of exposure to PMIEs and associated outcome- and exposure-related factors among Dutch peacekeepers stationed in the former Yugoslavia during the Srebrenica genocide...

Precise epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of immigrant women admitted to gynecology or obstetrics departments are rarely explored. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to analyze the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of immigrant female patients hospitalized between 2012 and 2017 in one maternity hospital in south-west Slovenia. Clinical data retrieved from hospital electronic information system were used to analyze these characteristics. In the mentioned period, 605 immigrant women were hospitalized, most of them originating from countries of the former Yugoslavia (60...

The execution of Covid-19 vaccination drives in former Yugoslavia's successor states has been disappointing. The rapidly evolving literature on the Covid-19 pandemic suggests the levels of support for vaccination are correlated with education, trust in public-health institutions, and exposure to the negative economic and health effects of the pandemic. The explanations of the political foundations of vaccination hesitancy, however, need better empirical grounding. We shed light on this subject by analyzing the results of a survey conducted on more than six thousand respondents from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia, as well as a combination of public-health, economic, and sociodemographic data across more than five hundred municipalities in Croatia...

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a rare progressive chronic renal disease found in residents living along the Balkan peninsula. We present a 92-year-old female who complained initially of cardio-respiratory symptoms and was found to have an acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with hypervolemia. The patient underwent computed tomography imaging and was found to have bilateral pleural effusions and moderate left-sided renal atrophy with left-sided hydronephrosis. The patient underwent diuresis for fluid overload and was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for hospital-acquired pneumonia...

Dr. Russell Davies is a largely forgotten pioneer of both post-operative theatre recovery but also a key figure in the establishment of anaesthetics services in Yugoslavia in the late 1940s. Davies spent the majority of his career working as an anaesthetist at Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex, England, later being promoted to the head anaesthetist role. Davies set up one of the first recovery wards in the United Kingdom at Queen Victoria Hospital, the ward being named after him in 1989. Here he became a founding member of the Guinea Pig Club, alongside Dr...

The quality of medicines for the prevention and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy globally is a critical challenge in the reduction of maternal mortality rate. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of available studies on the quality of the eight medicines recommended globally for the prevention and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We searched five electronic databases- Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest and Cochrane Library, and also grey literature, without year or language limitations...

BACKGROUND: Similar to other countries, Departments of Family Medicine in the former Yugoslavia had to transition from face-to-face to distance education during COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate obstacles and facilitators of the transition from face-to-face to distance education. METHODS: A cross-sectional, multicentre, qualitative study design was used to analyse nine open-ended questions from an online survey using inductive thematic analysis...

BACKGROUND: The countries of the former Yugoslavia have health and education systems with the same tradition but these have changed over the years. Little is known about how family medicine teaching transitioned from face-to-face to distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVES: to investigate student/teacher experience in transitioning from face-to-face to distance education. METHODS: A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted among 21 medical schools of the former Yugoslavia between December 2021 and March 2022...

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is higher in migrants compared to native populations in many countries, but the evidence on disparities in T2D care in migrants is inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine this in Denmark. In a cross-sectional, register-based study on 254,097 individuals with T2D, 11 indicators of guideline-level care were analysed: a) monitoring: hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), screening for diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and foot disease, b) biomarker control: HbA1c and LDL-C levels, and c) pharmacological treatment: glucose-lowering drugs (GLD), lipid-lowering drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and antiplatelet therapy...

AIMS: We examined the patterns of healthcare utilisation for drug use disorders (DUDs) and charges related to narcotics among young refugees in Norway considering the role of sex, country of origin and condition of arrival (accompanied versus unaccompanied minors). METHODS: Based on national registers, sex-stratified Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios to assess the risk of being charged with a narcotics offence and the use of healthcare services related to DUDs...

AIM: To examine disparities in glucose-lowering drug (GLD) usage between migrants and native Danes with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a nationwide, register-based cross-sectional study of 253 364 individuals with prevalent T2D on December 31, 2018, we examined user prevalence during 2019 of (i) GLD combination therapies and (ii) individual GLD types. Migrants were grouped by origin (Middle East, Europe, Turkey, Former Yugoslavia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Vietnam), and relative risk (RR) versus native Danes was computed using robust Poisson regression to adjust for clinical and socioeconomic characteristics...

BACKGROUND: Mental illness is common among refugees displaced by conflict and war. While evidence points to the relatively good health in terms of longevity of migrants resettled in the destination country, less is known about the mortality of the most vulnerable migrants with a trauma-related diagnosis alone and those with an additional comorbid psychotic disorder. This study aimed to provide an overview of the number and mortality of foreign-born individuals diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or Enduring Personality Change after a Catastrophic Event (PTSD/EPCACE), a psychotic disorder or both...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The Code of Ethics for Psychiatry adopted by the World Psychiatric Association in 1977, also known as the Declaration of Hawaii, was a milestone in the development of ethical standards in psychiatry. The impetus for the development of the code came primarily from the politicization of psychiatry, first discovered in the USSR, and later in other countries of the socialist camp, such as Romania, Yugoslavia, and the People's Republic of China. The purpose of this article is to trace reasons for the lack of consolidation among Western psychiatrists against the politicization of psychiatry and their efforts to improve the ethical standards in this medical field...

Defence Engagement (DE) (Health) themes are reviewed in this paper through two historical perspectives set in very different contexts. The first-person narrative in Guerrilla Surgeon by Lindsay Rogers outlines the experience of a medical officer building capacity with Tito's Partisans behind enemy lines in Second World War Yugoslavia. This is contrasted with a more academic evaluation of strategic and medical benefits of DE (Health) delivered by the US military during the Vietnam War in Robert Wilensky's Military Medicine to Win Hearts and Minds: Aid to Civilians in the Vietnam War Both texts infer that clear objectives, supported by effective strategic communication, are required for the impact of DE (Health) to be fully realised...

In the most austere combat conditions, Yugoslav guerillas of World War II (WWII) demonstrated an innovative and effective hospitalization system that saved countless lives. Yugoslav Partisans faced extreme medical and logistical challenges that spurred innovation while waging a guerrilla war against the Nazis. Partisans used concealed hospitals ranging between 25 to 215 beds throughout the country with wards that were often subterranean. Concealment and secrecy prevented discovery of many wards, which prototypically contained two bunk levels and held 30 patients in a 3...

BACKGROUND: Critical care medicine is a young branch of medicine, of which the development was much faster in High Income Countries (HICs) than in Low Resources Settings (LRS). Slovenia, as one of the successor states of former Yugoslavia, passed the process of transition and joined the European Union successfully. On the contrary, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) went through the extremely difficult process of transition (four years of civil war), which left a deep scar to the healthcare system, including critical care medicine...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that migrants tend to utilise antipsychotics less often than their native-born peers. However, studies examining antipsychotic use among refugees with psychosis are lacking. AIMS: To compare the prevalence of antipsychotic drug use during the first 5 years of illness among refugees and Swedish-born individuals with a newly diagnosed non-affective psychotic disorder, and to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with antipsychotic use...

BACKGROUND: Bartonella quintana is an important cause of culture-negative endocarditis. Although humans have been considered as its only reservoir, recent studies showed that macaque species are also reservoirs of B. quintana. Based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) B. quintana strains have been classified into 22 sequence types (STs), with 7 STs exclusively found in humans. Data regarding the molecular epidemiology of B. quintana endocarditis is limited to only 3 STs identified in 4 patients from Europe and Australia...