"Shoulder anatomy"

CASE: Two cases are presented to highlight the indications, surgical technique, and early clinical outcomes associated with proximal humerus corrective osteotomy using a 90° cannulated blade plate in adolescent patients. CONCLUSION: A complex deformity of the proximal humerus in the adolescent patient poses an uncommon yet debilitating clinical condition that is challenging to manage. We report a unique method for surgical correction and fixation using an infant hip osteotomy 90° blade plate that restores native shoulder anatomy, improves function, and has led to early clinical success...

Shoulder pain is often a transient physical finding after vaccination. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman who presented clinically with frozen shoulder that was progressively worse and temporally related to her yearly influenza vaccination. The patient failed conservative management, and 7 months postvaccination, the patient underwent shoulder manipulation under anesthesia with good results. Vaccination-related shoulder dysfunction after high-deltoid intramuscular penetration and infiltration into the subdeltoid/subacromial bursa can cause a severe local inflammatory response that clinically may present as frozen shoulder...

Ultrasonography is an established and effective imaging technique that can be used to evaluate articular and periarticular structures around the shoulder. It has been shown to be useful in a wide range of rotator cuff diseases (e.g. tendon tears, rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy and bursitis) as well as non-rotator cuff abnormalities (instability, synovial joint diseases and nerve entrapment syndrome). A scanning protocol is highly recommended to reduce the rate of operators' errors by following a standardized scheme including a list of main structures...

Background: Shoulder unlike any other joint has a wide range of mobility and is important in day to day activities. Different ethnic groups vary in skeletal anatomy and anthropometry. Most of our knowledge on the shoulder-anatomy, surgical technique and prosthesis designs is based on western literature. There are few studies on the Indian population. Our aim is to study the anthropometry of glenoid based on 3D CT scan of the shoulder. Our objectives are to calculate glenoid height, width, version, inclination, analyse the data for differences between male and female, compare data with similar studies in India and other countries and study the impact on shoulder arthroplasty implant size...

Rotator cuff injuries are the most common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Ideal animal shoulder models should have similar shoulder anatomy and function as human, and are able to replicate the microenvironment change after tendon injury. At present, a variety of animal models including rat, mouse, rabbit, sheep, canine, bovine, and primate have been used to study the mechanism of rotator cuff injury, effects of different repair techniques, and factors affecting tendon to bone healing. Although large animal models are more anatomically similar to humans, small animal models are more convenient in revealing the biological mechanism of rotator cuff injury and healing...

BACKGROUND: Traditional total shoulder arthroplasty is performed through the deltopectoral approach and includes subscapularis release and repair. Subscapularis nonhealing or dysfunction may leave patients with persistent pain, impairment, and instability. Alternative approaches that spare the subscapularis include rotator interval and posterior shoulder approaches; however, to our knowledge, a cadaveric study describing pertinent surgical anatomy for a posterior shoulder approach regarding shoulder arthroplasty has not been performed...

The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint which provides an extensive range of motion. Shoulder pain and weakness are common complaints among patients, which can lead to disability and affect a person's ability to perform daily activities. Shoulder pain and weakness may be associated with shoulder conditions such as rotator cuff disorders adhesive capsulitis, superior labrum anterior to posterior lesions, lesions in the biceps, acromioclavicular joint disease, or instability. Often, a thorough understanding of the network of bony, ligamentous, muscular, and neurovascular anatomy is required to properly identify and diagnose shoulder pathology...

BACKGROUND: Repetitive throwing in baseball pitchers can lead to pathologic changes in shoulder anatomy, range of motion (notably glenohumeral internal rotation deficit), and subsequent injury; however, the ideal strengthening, recovery, and maintenance protocol of the throwing shoulder in baseball remains unclear. Two strategies for throwing shoulder recovery from pitching are straight-line long-toss (SLT) throwing and ultra-long-toss (ULT) throwing, although neither is preferentially supported by empirical data...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical, functional, and radiological midterm outcomes of the all-arthroscopic modified Eden-Hybinette procedure in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center case series with prospectively collected data was conducted. The inclusion criterion was traumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss; patients with atraumatic or multidirectional instability were excluded...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of shoulder (specifically labral) abnormalities on MRI in a young non-athletic asymptomatic cohort. We hypothesize that this population will have fewer labral abnormalities than an athletic population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, non-athletic young adults age 18-29 with no history of shoulder pain received bilateral shoulder MRIs. A total of 58 total shoulder MRIs were completed on a 3-T MRI scanner (PRISMA-Fit Siemens Medical)...

Musculoskeletal simulations are an essential tool for studying functional implications of pathologies and of potential surgical outcomes, e.g., for the complex shoulder anatomy. Most shoulder models rely on line-segment approximation of muscles with potential limitations. Comprehensive shoulder models based on continuum-mechanics are scarce due to their complexity in both modeling and computation. In this paper, we present a surface-based modeling approach for muscles, which simplifies the modeling process and is efficient for computation...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to describe the anatomy of the anterior shoulder, specifically structures potentially involved in subscapularis tears pathophysiology and also to identify structures at risk during surgical approaches of this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed an observational, experimental study based on cadaveric models. Dissection was performed and several structures of the anterior shoulder were characterized including the subscapularis, coracoid morphology, the coracoacromial ligament, coraco-humeral distance, and the axillary and musculocutaneous nerves...

INTRODUCTION: Different surgical techniques (open and arthroscopic) have been described for the treatment of post-traumatic recurrent anterior instability. The aim of the surgery is to restore when possible, normal shoulder anatomy by repairing the underlying pathology responsible for the instability. Sometimes other surgical techniques are indicated. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the long-term clinical and radiographic results and complications of the open Latarjet procedure after a minimum follow-up of 24 years...

BACKGROUND: In Denmark, exercise therapy in combination with work modification is the first-choice treatment for persons with shoulder complaints and high occupational shoulder exposures. To obtain this treatment they must visit several healthcare providers, which makes usual care fragmented and uncoordinated. Therefore, we developed a new intervention which unifies the expertise that is needed. The main hypotheses are that a group-based Shoulder-Café intervention will more effectively reduce (1) shoulder complaints and (2) occupational shoulder exposures than an individual-based Shoulder-Guidance intervention (active control - enhanced usual care)...

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine significant differences between various measurements of shoulder structures and relationships in patients with and without rotator cuff tears and identify a subset of these measurements that may merit further investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Shoulder MRIs of 120 patients with rotator cuff tears (RCT group) and 80 patients with normal examinations (No RCT group) were retrospectively identified. Numerous measurements of shoulder anatomy and relationships and pathology characterization were performed for each study...

High frequency ultrasound is a valuable tool for assessing soft tissue injuries about the shoulder. It has advantages over other imaging modalities including relatively low cost, portability, and dynamic real-time visualization. It has a high sensitivity for identifying tendon degeneration, bursitis, and rotator cuff tears. Ultrasound is also an excellent modality for diagnostic and therapeutic needle-guided procedures. A detailed knowledge of shoulder anatomy and transducer positioning is required for obtaining adequate diagnostic value from ultrasound...

INTRODUCTION: We compared two arthroscopic repair techniques to an intact shoulder using a biomechanical model of anterior shoulder dislocation with an anterior glenoid rim fracture (Ideberg IA fracture). We hypothesized that transosseous repair is sufficient to effectively stabilize the glenoid fracture. The primary objective was to define the mechanical properties of transosseous repair of an Ideberg IA fracture relative to an intact shoulder (control group). The secondary objective was to determine the contribution of supplemental anteroposterior screw fixation of the bone fragment...

Linear scaling of generic shoulder models leads to substantial errors in model predictions. Customisation of shoulder modelling through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improves modelling outcomes, but model development is time and technology intensive. This study aims to validate 10 MRI-based shoulder models, identify the best combinations of anthropometric parameters for model scaling, and quantify the improvement in model predictions of glenohumeral loading through anthropometric scaling from this anatomical atlas...

Anterior shoulder dislocations are the most common, large joint dislocations that present to the emergency department (ED). Numerous studies support the use of intraarticular local anesthetic injections for the safe, effective, and time-saving reduction of these dislocations. Simulation training is an alternative and effective method for training compared to bedside learning. There are no commercially available ultrasound-compatible shoulder dislocation models. We utilized a three-dimensional (3D) printer to print a model that allows the visualization of the ultrasound anatomy (sonoanatomy) of an anterior shoulder dislocation...

AIMS: In patients with a rotator cuff tear, tear pattern and tendon involvement are known risk factors for the development of pseudoparalysis of the shoulder. It remains unclear, however, why similar tears often have very different functional consequences. The present study hypothesizes that individual shoulder anatomy, specifically the moment arms (MAs) of the rotator cuff (RC) and the deltoid muscle, as well as their relative recruitment during shoulder abduction, plays a central role in pseudoparalysis...