Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of lung cancer

Although non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients benefit from standard taxane-platin chemotherapy, many relapse, developing drug resistance. We established preclinical taxane-platin-chemoresistance models and identified a 35-gene resistance signature, which was associated with poor recurrence-free survival in neoadjuvant-treated NSCLC patients and included upregulation of the JumonjiC lysine demethylase KDM3B. In fact, multi-drug-resistant cells progressively increased the expression of many JumonjiC demethylases, had altered histone methylation, and, importantly, showed hypersensitivity to JumonjiC inhibitors in vitro and in vivo...

Background and objective Lung cancer is the leading form of cancer in terms of both incidence and cancer-related deaths. For patients with resectable IIIa/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), guidelines in and abroad recommend multidisciplinary team treatment, including surgery and chemotherapy, radiotherapy or other comprehensive treatment. Newly published evidences prove that neoadjuvant therapy can improve outcomes of NSCLC patients significantly, with advangtages in tolerability and compliance medication...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of cancer mortality. Although a significant proportion of patients can be cured with surgery, with or without adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, a significant proportion of patients will fail, particularly distantly. Over fifty percent of patients present with stage IV disease. There are multiple forms of immunotherapy available including T-cell transfer, cytokine therapy, and oncolytic viruses. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown tremendous activity in NSCLC and are currently under intense study given promising data on response...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) for distinguishing non-metastatic from metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer. METHODS: IVIM-diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) exams were performed preoperatively on 66 patients with lung cancer from October 2015 to June 2016 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University. Fifty patients underwent enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) in our hospital, while the other 16 patients already had enhanced chest CT images when they were admitted...

DDIT4 gene encodes a protein whose main action is to inhibit mTOR under stress conditions whilst several in vitro studies indicate that its expression favors cancer progression. We have previously described that DDIT4 expression is an independent prognostic factor for tripe negative breast cancer resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We herein report that high DDIT4 expression is related to the outcome (recurrence-free survival, time to progression and overall survival) in several cancer types. We performed in silico analysis in online platforms, in pooled datasets from KM Plotter and meta-analysis of individual datasets from SurvExpress...

PURPOSE: Was to evaluate the outcome of multimodality treatment in resectable primary Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor ES/PNET of the ribs and role of thoracoscopy in facilitating resection of these tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study including 22 patients with primary ES/PNET of the ribs surgically treated at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) between January 2008 until the end of December 2014. RESULTS: Median age was 8...

This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of localized lung resection combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 88 patients, who were admitted to our hospital for first diagnosis and treatment, were selected. The patients were divided into control group (n=40 cases) and observation group (n=48 cases) according to the last digit of the admission number. The control group was treated with minimally invasive localized lung resection by thoracoscope...

Survival rates in patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain low despite curative treatment. This is due to tumor recurrence at distant sites. The aim of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NA-CT) is to eradicate occult micrometastatic disease and improve survival in patients that are not candidates for surgery following induction therapy. A total of 21 patients with ipsilateral mediastinal node involvement (N2) with potentially resectable disease, who had been diagnosed with stage IIIA (T1-3 N1-2 and T4N0) NSCLC and who had received cisplatin and vinorelbine as induction treatment were included in this retrospective study...

Background: Heart exposure to ionizing irradiation can cause ischaemic heart disease. The partial heart volume receiving ≥5 Gy (heartV5) was supposed to be an independent prognostic factor for survival after radiochemotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But validation of the latter hypothesis is needed under the concurrent risks of lung cancer patients. Patients and methods: The ESPATUE phase III trial recruited patients with potentially operable IIIA(N2)/selected IIIB NSCLC between 01/2004 and 01/2013...

Importance: Surgical resection has a potential benefit for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction. Objective: To evaluate outcome in patients with limited metastatic disease who receive chemotherapy first and proceed to surgical resection. Design, Setting, and Participants: The AIO-FLOT3 (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) trial is a prospective, phase 2 trial of 252 patients with resectable or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma...

BACKGROUND: Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) patients have poorer survival and local control with mediastinal node (N2) tumor involvement at resection. Earlier assessment of nodal burden could inform clinical decision-making prior to surgery. This study evaluated the association between clinical outcomes and lymph node volume before and after neoadjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT imaging of patients with operable LA-NSCLC treated with chemoradiation and surgical resection was assessed...

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a disease of the elderly, who are under-represented in clinical trials. This challenges the external validity of the evidence base for its management and of current guidelines, that we evaluated in a population of older patients. We retrieved randomized clinical trials (RCTs) supporting the guidelines and identified 18 relevant topics. We matched a cohort of NSCLC patients aged older than 80 years from the Moffitt Cancer Center database with the studies' eligibility criteria to check their qualification for at least 2 studies...

INTRODUCTION: In order to test the best performing radiation dose with a convenient chemotherapy schedule of an oral formulation of radio-sensitizing vinorelbine in inoperable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we performed a randomized phase II trial based on a "pick the winner" design. METHODS: After 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 117 patients with NSCLC stage IIB-IIIB in performance status 0-1 were randomized to radiotherapy 60Gy/30 fractions or 66Gy/33 fractions concurrent with a fixed dose of oral vinorelbine 50mg administered 3 times weekly...

BACKGROUND: Ku80 is a DNA repair protein which involves in cell apoptosis and chemoresistance. However, it is unclear whether Ku80 correlates with the efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in human lung adenocarcinoma, and modulates cisplatin/pemetrexed-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis in vitro. METHODS: We recruited 110 patients with stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma, who received 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and their lungs were reevaluated by CT scan...

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are aggressive tumors, with high rates of metastatic spread and targeted therapies are critically needed. We aimed to assess the prognostic and predictive value of a 3q 19-gene signature identified previously from lung cancer in a collection of 4,801 breast tumor gene expression data. The 3q gene signature had a strong association with features of aggressiveness such as high grade, hormone receptor negativity, presence of a basal-like or TNBC phenotype and reduced distant metastasis free survival...

We present an interesting case where a patient is presented with a droopy left eyelid (as part of Horner syndrome) and Cushingoid features which were a result of a Pancoast tumour (apical lung tumour in superior pulmonary sulcus) involving the left lung. This tumour was secreting ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a paraneoplastic endocrine phenomenon, which resulted in Cushing syndrome symptomatology. Though most ectopic ACTH-producing lung cancers are either small cell or carcinoid tumours, this was in fact a large cell neuroendocrine cancer (LCNEC)...

BACKGROUND: Heart exposure to ionizing irradiation can cause ischemic heart disease. The partial heart volume receiving ≥5 Gy (heartV5) was supposed to be an independent prognostic factor for survival after radiochemotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But validation of the latter hypothesis is needed under the concurrent risks of lung cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The ESPATUE phase III trial recruited patients with potentially operable IIIA(N2)/selected IIIB NSCLC between 01/2004 and 01/2013...

Choosing the optimal chemotherapy regimen is still an unmet medical need for breast cancer patients. In this study, we reanalyzed data from seven independent data sets with totally 1079 breast cancer patients. The patients were treated with three different types of commonly used neoadjuvant chemotherapies: anthracycline alone, anthracycline plus paclitaxel, and anthracycline plus docetaxel. We developed random forest models with variable selection using both genetic and clinical variables to predict the response of a patient using pCR (pathological complete response) as the measure of response...

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effect and side effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were still disputing issues when applied to resectable IIIa stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The retrospective analysis was aimed to investigate the short-term efficacy and postoperative complications in resectable IIIa NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: According to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 370 patients with clinical diagnosis of IIIa NSCLC were selected from our hospital between January 2011 and October 2013 were retrospectively analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for nearly 15% of all cases of cancer. As a type of highly invasive tumors, SCLC has high degree of malignancy, early and extensive metastasis, and is sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The early treatment response rate of SCLC is high but it can also relapse rapidly without any treatment. Its median survival time is merely four to six months. Although many studies on SCLC have been conducted in recent years, its clinical treatment strategies have remained unchanged...