Surgical site infections

Of the 27 million surgeries performed in the United States each year, a reported 2.6% result in a surgical site infection (SSI), and Staphylococci species are commonly the culprit. Alternative therapies, such as nitric oxide (NO)-releasing biomaterials, are being developed to address this issue. NO is a potent antimicrobial agent with several modes of action, including oxidative and nitrosative damage, disruption of bacterial membranes, and dispersion of biofilms. For targeted antibacterial effects, NO is delivered by exogenous donor molecules, like S -nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)...

A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair compared short- and long-term outcomes between individuals with or without history of previous abdominopelvic surgery, aiming to determine the feasibility of totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair within this population. All patients who underwent elective TEP inguinal hernia repair by one consultant surgeon across three London hospitals from January 2017 to May 2023 were retrospectively analysed to assess perioperative outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Current treatment of spinal metastases (SM) aims on preserving spinal stability, neurological status, and functional status as well as achieving local control. It consists of spinal surgery followed by radiotherapy and/or systemic treatment. Adjuvant therapy usually starts with a delay of a few weeks to prevent wound healing issues. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has previously been successfully applied during brain tumor, breast and colorectal carcinoma surgery but not in SM, including unstable one, to date...

INTRODUCTION: Noma, an overlooked infectious disease, inflicts severe facial tissue damage, posing substantial challenges in patient care. This study delves into surgical complications and subsequent revision surgeries among noma cases treated in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research employed a cross-sectional retrospective review of medical records treated between 2007 and 2019 retrieved from the Facing Africa database. RESULTS: The review encompasses 235 noma cases...

Background Oncological surgeries pose an elevated risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) due to their complexity and various associated treatments, impacting patient outcomes and healthcare costs. This has prompted a focus on advanced wound dressings that provide microbial protection, exudate absorption, and improved product performance, enhancing patient satisfaction. Our study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Theruptor NXT with the current standard of care (SOC) practice involving cotton/povidone/micropore dressings in the postoperative wound management of oncological surgeries...

Introduction: The parasitic tapeworm impersonated by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus represents the aetiology of the hydatid pathology. The predilect site of invasion is the liver, but there are other cases of different localization all over the body, regardless of the type of invaded tissue. Soft tissue hydatidosis can be a real challenge for the clinician in terms of the diagnosis, and it might generate various complications such as anaphylactic shock. The aim of the present work is to illustrate a unique case of primary hydatidosis located in the nuchal region...

AIM: The view that the biofilm layer formed on the implant surface is the main cause of treatment failure is more prominent. However, it is known that every bacterium has strains that can and cannot form biofilms. In this study, biofilm-forming and non-biofilm-forming strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were used to investigate the effect of the biofilm-forming ability of the bacteria on treatment in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty rats were divided into four equal groups as Group 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B...

BACKGROUND: Over 50% of hospitalized patients have comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, resulting in increased risk of morbidity such as longer lengths of stay, worse health-related quality of life, and increased mortality. However, data regarding colorectal surgery postoperative outcomes in patients with psychiatric diagnoses (PD) are limited. METHODS: We queried a single institution's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2013-2019 for major colorectal procedures...

STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective study. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the value of the Spinal Infection Treatment Evaluation (SITE) score, Brighton Spondylodiscitis Score (BSDS), and Pola classification to predict the need for surgical intervention in patients with spondylodiscitis. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Spondylodiscitis is a rare disease, and the prediction of its outcome is crucial in the decision-making process. METHODS: All case records were assessed to extract information on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Japanese Orthopedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) scores before and after surgery...

PURPOSE: Barbed sutures are tissue control devices that can reduce operating room time and costs. We analyzed the utility of barbed sutures in posterior spinal surgery in order to prove non-inferiority to conventional methods for wound closure. METHODS: A cohort of patients undergoing elective posterior spinal surgery in which barbed (prospective) versus conventional sutures (retrospective) were used was analyzed. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of wound healing complications or the need for surgical revision...

Robotic platforms provide a stable tool with high-definition views and improved ergonomics compared to laparoscopic approaches. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the intra- and short-term postoperative results of oncological resections performed robotically (RCR) and laparoscopically (LCR) at a single centre. Between February 2020 and October 2022, retrospective data on RCR were compared to LCR undertaken during the same period. Parameters compared include total operative time, length of stay (LOS), re-admission rates, 30-day morbidity...

OBJECTIVES: To identify the impact of the duration of peri-operative antibiotics on infectious complications following radical cystectomy. METHODS: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) targeted database was queried for patients undergoing radical cystectomy from 2019-2021. Baseline patient characteristics were collected. Antibiotic duration was classified as <24 hours (short), 24-72 hours (intermediate) or >72 hours (long). Infectious complication data was collected including surgical site infection (SSI), urinary tract infection (UTI), organ space infection, pneumonia, sepsis, and clostridium difficile infection up to 30 days after surgery...

PURPOSE: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of preoperative sarcopenia on postoperative complication risks after head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery. METHODS: We identified eligible studies by searching Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-Embase, EBM Reviews-Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance...

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern that poses a significant threat to the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Enterobacteriaceae , a family of gram-negative bacteria, are associated with a wide range of infections, including urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and respiratory tract infections. This systematic review aimed to examine the antibiotic resistance trend among Enterobacteriaceae in Saudi Arabia in the period between 2003 and 2023. Five databases (PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane) were searched using the keywords "Resistance AND Enterobacteriaceae AND Saudi Arabia" in the title and abstract...

INTRODUCTION:  Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is a condition that arises due to incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis or an abnormal outpouching from the round ligament during fetal development. It usually presents as a painless, rarely painful, groin swelling. The definitive diagnosis for this condition is magnetic resonance imaging. Various management options have been proposed for this condition, including open surgery, transabdominal preperitoneal approach, totally extraperitoneal approach, and a combination of laparoscopic and open surgery...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified arthroscopic revision release for patients who have gluteal muscle contracture and who have poor outcomes after traditional open surgery. METHODS: The data of patients who underwent modified arthroscopic revision release for residual symptoms of gluteal muscle contracture after traditional open surgery were retrospectively collected and analyzed. All subjects underwent the procedure between December 2015 and December 2022...

OBJECTIVE: Closed-suction drains are commonly placed after thoracolumbar surgery to reduce the risk of post-operative hematoma and neurologic deterioration, and may stay in place for a longer period of time if output remains high. Prolonged maintenance of surgical site drains, however, is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI). The present study aims to examine the literature regarding extended duration (≥24 h) prophylactic antibiotic use in patients undergoing posterior thoracolumbar surgery with closed-suction drainage...

Sutures are a crucial component of surgical procedures, serving to close and stabilize wound margins to promote healing. However, microbial contamination of sutures can increase the risk of surgical site infections (SSI) due to colonization by pathogens. This study aimed to tackle SSI by synthesizing positively charged silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs) and using them to produce antimicrobial sutures. The P-AgNPs were reduced and stabilized using polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic branched polymer. The physiochemical characteristics of P-AgNPs were confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 419 nm, spherical morphology with a particle size range of 8-10 nm, PEI functional groups on NPs, a hydrodynamic diameter of 12...

Pediatric cervical spine injuries are rare, and the diagnosis and management can be challenging. Surgical intervention has been recommended in unstable odontoid synchondrosis injuries or those that have failed nonoperative measures. However, the literature remains sparse on the operative management of severe injuries due to the low incidence. An 18-month-old female sustained an unstable odontoid synchondrosis fracture from a motor vehicle accident. Due to ongoing instability after initial immobilization in a halo, the decision was made to proceed with surgical management...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Coccydynia is pain in the coccyx that typically occurs idiopathically or from trauma. Most forms are self-limiting. However, if symptoms persist, non-surgical treatment options can include offloading, NSAIDs, physical therapy, and steroid injections. If all treatment options fail, a growing body of evidence supports a coccygectomy for symptomatic relief. The standard approach for a coccygectomy involves a midline incision cephalad to the anus along the gluteal cleft...