Interstitial

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening interstitial lung disease. Identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis is of great clinical importance. The epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is important in the process of inflammation and fibrosis in the epididymis. Its prognostic value in IPF, however, has not been studied. The mRNA and protein levels of HE4 were used to determine the prognostic value in different patient cohorts. In this study, prognostic nomograms were generated based on the results of the cox regression analysis...

Fibrosis is commonly associated with chronic rheumatic diseases, and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Treatment of fibrosis is extremely challenging but is badly needed, as approved antifibrotic therapies fibrosis do not halt its progression, which will be discussed with a focus on pulmonary fibrosis. Findings from recent studies indicate several therapeutic targets for treating fibrosis. Interleukin-11 is emerging as a fibrogenic cytokine whose activity can be blocked with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies...

BACKGROUND: MRI guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (M-LITT) capsulotomy has proven to be efficacious in decreasing refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) related symptomatology yet capsulotomy either via radiosurgery or radiofrequency ablation has in some patients led to increased apathy following surgery. The current case series aims to investigate objective patient-reported change in apathy, disinhibition, depression, and executive dysfunction following anterior capsulotomy via M-LITT for OCD...

Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a frequent and serious complication of CTD, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood; however, one intriguing contributing factor may be the microbiome of the mouth and lungs. The oral microbiome, which is a major source of the lung microbiome through recurrent microaspiration, is altered in ILD patients. Moreover, in recent years, several lines of evidence suggest that changes in the oral and lung microbiota modulate the pulmonary immune response and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of ILDs, including CTD-ILD...

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Patients afflicted with Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) gain-of-function mutations frequently present with debilitating interstitial lung disease (ILD) that is recapitulated in mice expressing the STINGV154M mutation (VM). Prior radiation chimera studies revealed an unexpected and critical role for non-hematopoietic cells in initiating ILD. To identify STING-expressing non-hematopoietic cell types required for the development of ILD, we use a conditional knockin (CKI) model and direct expression of the VM allele to hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, or endothelial cells...

Renal interstitial fibrosis is an important mechanism in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage kidney disease. However, we lack specific treatments to slow or halt renal fibrosis. Ribosome profiling identified upregulation of a secreted micropeptide, C4orf48 (Cf48), in mouse diabetic nephropathy. Cf48 RNA and protein levels were upregulated in tubular epithelial cells in human and experimental CKD. Serum Cf48 levels were increased in human CKD and correlated with loss of kidney function, increasing CKD stage, and the degree of active interstitial fibrosis...

We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in treating recurrent glioblastomas (rGBMs). A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases to identify studies published between January 2001 and June 2022 that reported prognosis information of rGBM patients treated with LITT as the primary therapy. The primary outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 6 and 12 months after LITT intervention. Adverse events and complications were also evaluated...

Recent years have seen rising mortality rates linked to cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), despite advances in immunotherapy. Understanding RNA N6-methyladenosine (M6A) significance in SKCM is crucial for prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell presence, and immunotherapy efficacy. We analyzed 23 M6A regulators using SKCM samples from TCGA and GEO databases, identifying three M6A modification patterns linked to TME cell infiltration. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded an M6A score for individual tumors, utilizing patient gene expression profiles and CNV data from TCGA...

SPDL1 (spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1), also referred to as CCDC99, is a recently identified gene involved in cell cycle regulation. SPDL1 encodes a protein, hSpindly, which plays a critical role in the maintenance of spindle checkpoint silencing during mitosis. hSpindly coordinates microtubule attachment by promoting kinesin recruitment and mitotic checkpoint signaling. Moreover, the protein performs numerous biological functions in vivo and its aberrant expression is closely associated with abnormal neuronal development, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, and malignant tumor development...

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic kidney disease are increasing. Hepatitis C infection (HCV) occurs in 1% of the world population and can induce several kidney diseases. DM prevalence is increased in individuals with HCV; however, kidney diseases in those with both DM and HCV have not been assessed. Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) became available for HCV treatment in 2014; it is unknown if DAAs altered the spectrum of kidney disease in patients with DM and HCV...

When starting a mechanical thrombectomy, manual aspiration with balloon guide catheters inserted into the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an efficient method for thrombus aspiration. However, no complications associated with this procedure have been reported. This study describes the case of a 76-year-old man who presented to our hospital with total aphasia and complete right-sided paralysis due to chronic atrial fibrillation and left occlusion of the ICA. When the balloon guide catheter was inserted and inflated at the origin of the left ICA, the patient's systolic blood pressure suddenly decreased from 114 mm Hg to 44 mm Hg...

AIM: The aim of this study is to develop a noninvasive technique for measuring tissue tracer extraction efficiency ( E ) and illustrate it for Tc-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) and kidney. METHODS: E was measured in 10 patients with normal MAG3 renography. E is the ratio of tissue clearance-to-blood flow ( Ki/F ). For single-photon tracers, attenuation constants are unknown, so Ki and F cannot be separately measured. However, by deriving attenuation-uncorrected Ki' and F' from the same regions of interests (ROIs), these constants cancel out, giving E ...

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon condition described in veterinary medicine with concurrent respiratory disease. It can be caused by the Macklin effect, which is when gas leaks from the alveoli into the surrounding interstitial lung tissue. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) is the presence of gas within the pulmonary vascular sheaths and indicates the presence of the Macklin effect. In the authors' experience, spontaneous pneumomediastinum and PIE are more prevalent in sighthound dogs than in other breeds and are often considered incidental findings...

BACKGROUND: Remote monitoring of patient-recorded spirometry and pulse oximetry offers an alternative approach to traditional hospital-based monitoring of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Remote spirometry has been observed to reasonably reflect clinic spirometry in participants with ILD but remote monitoring has not been widely incorporated into clinical practice. We assessed the feasibility of remotely monitoring patients within a clinical ILD service. METHODS: Prospective, single-arm, open-label observational multi-centre study (NCT04850521)...

BACKGROUND: Anti-synthetase syndrome (AS) is a rare autoimmune idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) with diverse manifestations, including arthritis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), Raynaud's phenomenon, unexplained persistent fever, and mechanic's hands. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 72-year-old woman, previously healthy, who was admitted to our hospital for treatment of cough and rapid breathing. The patient had elevated white blood cells and C-reactive protein, and tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)...

OBJECTIVE: The Objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic ultrasound (TUS) for detecting (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with respiratory symptoms. METHODS: Individuals with RA visiting Rheumatological outpatient clinics in the Region of Southern Denmark were systematically screened for dyspnoea, cough, recurrent pneumonia, prior severe pneumonia or a chest X-ray indicating interstitial abnormalities. Eighty participants with a positive screening were consecutively included...

This study aims to explore the pathogenesis of myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury(MIRI) based on oxidative stress-mediated programmed cell death and the mechanism and targets of Chaihu Sanshen Capsules in treating MIRI via the protein kinase Cβ(PKCβⅡ)/NADPH oxidase 2(NOX2)/reactive oxygen species(ROS) signaling pathway. The rat model of MIRI was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending branch. Rats were randomized into 6 groups: sham group, model group, clinically equivalent-, high-dose Chaihu Sanshen Capsules groups, N-acetylcysteine group, and CGP53353 group...

Diabetic nephropathy(DN), a progressive chronic kidney disease(CKD) induced by diabetes mellitus, is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF) is an irreversible factor in the progression and deterioration of the renal function in DN. Chronic inflammation has become a key link in the pathogenesis of DN-RIF. The NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome is an important inflammatory regulator regulated by a variety of signals. It promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induces renal inflammatory cell infiltration to participate in the process of renal fibrosis, demonstrating a complex mechanism of action...

Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune condition of exocrine and extraglandular tissues. It can present with isolated disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary or lacrimal glands, but in approximately one-third of the patients, lymphocytic infiltration extends beyond exocrine glands to involve extraglandular organs such as the lungs. Pulmonary complications have been reported to occur between 9 and 27% of patients with SjD across studies. Respiratory manifestations occur on a spectrum of severity and include airways disease, interstitial lung disease, cystic lung disease, and lymphoma...