central AND airway obstruction

IL-33 is a cytokine central to type 2 immune pathology in chronic airway disease. This cytokine is abundantly expressed in the respiratory epithelium and increased in disease, but how expression is regulated is undefined. Here we show that increased IL33 expression occurs from multiple noncanonical promoters in human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it facilitates production of alternatively spliced isoforms in airway cells. We found that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) can activate IL33 promoters through protein kinase C in primary airway cells and lines...

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is indicated for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but is ineffective in treating central sleep apnea (CSA). We describe two patients implanted with HNS after being diagnosed with OSA at outside sleep labs and failing a trial of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Despite successful HNS implantation, the patients continued to have persistent symptoms with residual apnea-hypopnea indices above 25 events/h. Although OSA was the presenting diagnosis, we discovered a significant CSA component in the original diagnostic sleep data upon careful review...

OBJECTIVES: Inhaler satisfaction is an important factor affecting inhaler adherence and the efficacy of inhalers in chronic airway diseases. Using a scientific and effective method to assess patients' satisfaction with inhalers is of great significance for improving clinical outcomes. The Feeling of Satisfaction with Inhaler-10 (FSI-10) is specifically designed to assess patients' inhaler satisfaction in chronic airway diseases, but the application research on this scale is not available in China...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in the Veteran population. In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence of comorbid central and obstructive SDB and the response rate to PAP among Veterans. METHODS: Veterans were screened from a single VA medical center who had polysomnography (PSG) study from 2017 to 2021 to ascertain the presence, severity, and type of SDB by measuring the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and central apnea index (CAI)...

Background: Benign central airway stenosis poses a significant challenge to respiratory and thoracic surgeons due to the high recurrence rate associated with current treatment methods, causing severe breathing difficulties and potentially life-threatening complications. This article aims to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and prospects of using coblation in the management of benign central airway stenosis in adults. Moreover, the pathogenesis of benign central airway stenosis was deeply explored to provide better guidance for future clinical treatments...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: EpiGETIF is a web-based, multicentre clinical database created in 2019 aiming for prospective collection of data regarding therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy (TB) for malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO). METHODS: Patients were enrolled into the registry from January 2019 to November 2022. Data were prospectively entered through a web-interface, using standardized definitions for each item. The objective of this first extraction of data was to describe the population and the techniques used among the included centres to target, facilitate and encourage further studies in TB...

BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airway obstruction, and chronic airway inflammation. It is the most common chronic disease in childhood. However, the diagnosis of childhood asthma remains challenging, and there is an urgent need to develop new diagnostic methods. METHODS: To identify biomarkers of asthma in children, we adopted the Orbitrap-based data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry proteomics method to analyze the serum proteomic signatures of children with acute asthma and convalescent children...

BACKGROUND: Macrophages are the predominant immune cells in the human lung and play a central role in airway inflammation, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a pleiotropic cytokine mainly expressed by bronchial epithelial cells, plays a key role in asthma and COPD pathobiology. TSLP exists in two variants: the long form (lfTSLP) and a shorter TSLP isoform (sfTSLP). We aimed to localize TSLP in human lung macrophages (HLMs) and investigate the mechanisms of its release from these cells...

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the discriminating power of spirometric and plethysmographic lung function parameters to differenciate the diagnosis of asthma, ACO, COPD, and to define functional characteristics for more precise classification of obstructive lung diseases. From the databases of 4 centers, a total of 756 lung function tests (194 healthy subjects, 175 with asthma, 71 with ACO, 78 with COPD and 238 with CF) were collected, and gradients among combinations of target parameters from spirometry (forced expiratory volume one second: FEV1; FEV1/forced vital capacity: FEV1/FVC; forced expiratory flow between 25-75% FVC: FEF25-75), and plethysmography (effective, resistive airway resistance: sReff; aerodynamic work of breathing at rest: sWOB), separately for in- and expiration (sReffIN, sReffEX, sWOBin, sWOBex) as well as static lung volumes (total lung capacity: TLC; functional residual capacity: FRCpleth; residual volume: RV), the control of breathing (mouth occlusion pressure: P0...

Study Design: Technical note. Objective: The lower nasal architecture is dependent on caudal septal integrity. Deviations of the caudal septum can compromise nasal airflow. The presence of anterior nasal spine deviations contributes to septal and medial crural shifting with ipsilateral encroachment. It is essential to identify nasal spine deviation during surgery in order to reconstruct the septum in a midline position at its base. This allows an appropriate management plan that creates a better functional and aesthetically pleasing outcome...

BACKGROUND: Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an effective tool for assessing airway mechanics and diagnosing obstructive airway disease (OAD) in children with sickle cell disease (C-SCD). Obesity is known to be associated with OAD, and untreated OAD often leads to hypoxia-related complications in C-SCD. Considering the increasing prevalence of obesity in C-SCD, It is important to explore the influence of body mass index (BMI) on OAD in this disease population. METHODS: A longitudinal retrospective chart review was conducted on 55 C-SCD (161 IOS observations) and 35 non-SCD asthmatic children (C-Asthma) (58 observations), primarily to investigate the association between BMI and airway resistance in C-SCD and C-Asthma...

Alterations in airway epithelial homeostasis increase viral respiratory infections risk. Viral infections frequently are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, events that dramatically promote disease progression. Mechanism promoting the main respiratory viruses entry and virus-evocated innate and adaptive immune responses have now been elucidated, and an oxidative stress central role in these pathogenic processes has been recognized. Presence of reactive oxygen species in macrophages and other cells allows them to eliminate virus, but its excess alters the balance between innate and adaptive immune responses and proteases/anti-proteases and leads to uncontrolled inflammation, tissue damage, and hypercoagulability...

RATIONALE: Spatially coordinated ERK signaling events ("SPREADs") transmit radially from a central point to adjacent cells via secreted ligands for EGFR and other receptors. SPREADs maintain homeostasis in non-pulmonary epithelia, but it is unknown whether they play a role in the airway epithelium or are dysregulated in inflammatory disease. OBJECTIVES: (1) To characterize the spatial heterogeneity of ERK activity in response to pro-inflammatory ligands, and (2) to assess the effects of pharmacological and metabolic regulators on cytokine-mediated SPREADs...

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by persistent airway and lung inflammation, excessive mucus production, remodeling of the airways, and damage to the alveolar tissue. Based on clinical experience, it has been observed that Jianpiyifei II (JPYF II) granules exhibit a significant therapeutic impact on individuals suffering from stable COPD. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of JPYF II's potential mode of action against COPD remains to be further clarified...

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a ubiquitous neuro-modulator-transmitter that acts in the central nervous system, playing a major role in the control of breathing and other physiological functions. The midbrain, pons, and medulla regions contain several serotonergic nuclei with distinct physiological roles, including regulating the hypercapnic ventilatory response, upper airway patency, and sleep-wake states. Obesity is a major risk factor in the development of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), recurrent closure of the upper airway during sleep, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), a condition characterized by daytime hypercapnia and hypoventilation during sleep...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related complications. Hence, it is plausible that Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) could have a favorable impact on these complications. To assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized control trial (RCT) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and OSA over 2 years. METHODS: An open-label multicenter feasibility RCT of CPAP vs no CPAP in patients with T2D and OSA...

BACKGROUND: Tumor-like lesions of the trachea are rare and challenging in diagnosis and management. Inflammatory myofibroblastoma, also known as Inflammatory pseudo tumors (IPTs), as well as Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD) are inflammatory lesions that may involve the central airways with variable non-specific clinical features mimicking tumors. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study 2 cases with tumor-like lesions are presented. One case with an inflammatory pseudotumor and the other one with Rosai-Dorfman disease affecting the upper trachea...

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (TECSA) in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration and assess their polysomnographic characteristics. METHODS: A total of 116 patients with OSAS who underwent full-night CPAP titration at the Sleep Laboratory of Adana City Research and Education Hospital from September 2017 to January 2018 were recruited for the study...

OBJECTIVE: Upper airway stimulation (UAS) is a treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea in which electrical stimulation is applied to the hypoglossal nerve. Nerve branches that control tongue protrusion are located inferiorly. Due to positioning, left-sided implants are typically placed with an inferiorly oriented electrode cuff (L-down) as opposed to superiorly on the right (R-up). In this study, we assess the impact of left- versus right-sided UAS on patient outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study...

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to select patients who will benefit from endobronchial treatment (ET) in malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO). We aimed to determine the tumor-related factors that affect the success of MCAO treatment. METHODS: ETs for MCAO between March 2019 and June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The relationships between the success of the procedure and the percentage of endoluminal obstruction, tumor size, and type of lesion were evaluated...