Evapotranspiration

Date palm cultivation has thrived in the Gulf Cooperation Council region since ancient times, where it represents a vital sector in agricultural and socio-economic development. However, climate change conditions prevailing for decades in this area, next to rarefication of rain, hot temperatures, intense evapotranspiration, rise of sea level, salinization of groundwater, and intensification of cultivation, contributed to increase salinity in the soil as well as in irrigation water and to seriously threaten date palm cultivation sustainability...

Information about the resistance and adaptive potential of tree species and provenances is needed to select suitable planting material in times of rapidly changing climate conditions. In this study, we evaluate growth responses to climatic fluctuations and extreme events for 12 provenances of northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) that were tested across three trial sites with distinct environmental conditions in Germany. Six provenances each were sourced from the natural distribution in North America and from introduced stands in Germany...

The development of non-invasive methods and accessible tools for application to plant phenotyping is considered a breakthrough. This work presents the preliminary results using an electronic nose (E-Nose) and machine learning (ML) as affordable tools. An E-Nose is an electronic system used for smell global analysis, which emulates the human nose structure. The soybean (Glycine Max) was used to conduct this experiment under water stress. Commercial E-Nose was used, and a chamber was designed and built to conduct the measurement of the gas sample from the soybean...

Livestock presence impacts plant biodiversity (species richness) in grassland ecosystems, yet extent and direction of grazing impacts on biodiversity vary greatly across inter-annual periods. In this study, an 8-year (2014-2021) grazing gradient experiment with sheep was conducted in a semi-arid grassland to investigate the impact of grazing under different precipitation variability on biodiversity. The results suggest no direct impact of grazing on species richness in semi-arid Stipa grassland. However, increased grazing indirectly enhanced species richness by elevating community dominance (increasing the sheltering effect of Stipa grass)...

As the forest health care in China is still in the early stage of development, the construction standards of forest health care base are not unified yet, resulting in large differences in the evaluation criterion for the ecological environment of forest health care bases. So, it is urgent to develop a new forest health care ecological environment quality assessment method. Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces of China were selected as the study area, the previous 6 batches of 165 national forest health care pilot construction bases were selected as the main data source...

This study evaluated the impact of incorporating earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on the drained water quality from a sludge treatment reed bed. The experiment encompassed four setups of treatment beds in two replicates: planted with Arundo donax and addition of earthworms, planted without earthworms, unplanted with earthworms, and treatment bed without plants nor earthworms as control. The units were fed every two weeks with mixed sewage sludge, a blend of primary and secondary sludge over 24 cycles. The mixed sewage sludge had mean dry and volatile solid contents of 24...

Understanding the dynamics of carbon and water vapor fluxes in arid inland river basin ecosystems is essential for predicting and assessing the regional carbon-water budget amid climate change. However, studies aiming to unravel the mechanisms driving the variations and coupling process of regional carbon-water budget in a changing environment in arid regions are limited. Here, we used the eddy covariance technique to analyze the relationship between CO2 and H2 O fluxes in three typical ecosystems across the upper, middle, and lower reaches of an arid inland river basin in Northwestern China...

Global climate change, with warming as its main feature, has altered the spatial-temporal evolution of factors such as precipitation and temperature that can cause meteorological disasters. The complex and changeable climate has led to frequent natural disasters, while the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events have also significantly increased, posing an enormous threat to societal production and human life. As the most important geoecological transitional zone of mainland China, the stability of agricultural production in China's north-south transitional zone is crucial for ensuring food security under climate change...

It is significant to systematically quantify the propagation thresholds of meteorological drought to different levels of agricultural drought in karst areas, and revealit's the propagation driving mechanisms. This can guide early warning and fine management of agricultural drought. In this study,we selected Guizhou Province as an example. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standardized soil moisture index (SSI) were used to characterize meteorological and agricultural drought...

In this paper, a daily gridded observation data across China from 1961 to 2022 were used to calculate daily potential evapotranspiration (PET). The observed variables included daily temperature, sunshine hours, average wind speed, and average relative humidity. PET was determined using the Penman-Monteith method recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The long-term trend of PET was investigated in six regions of China during different seasons. To further compressed the influence of various meteorological factors on the PET trend, the contribution of each meteorological element to the long-term trend of PET was analyzed...

In regions where water is a limited resource, lettuce production can be challenging. To address this, water management strategies like deficit irrigation are used to improve water-use efficiency in agriculture. Associating this strategy with silicon (Si) application could help maintain adequate levels of agricultural production even with limited water availability. Two lettuce crop cycles were conducted in a completely randomized design, with a factorial scheme (2 × 3), with three irrigation levels (60%, 80% and 100%) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and with and without Si application...

We developed a set of two precision, small-scale, water balance lysimeters to provide accurate measurements of bare soil evaporation. Each lysimeter comprises a soil tank, a balance assembly with load cell, a wicking drainage system, and a stilling well to measure drained water. Fiberglass wicks installed at the bottom of the soil tanks provide -60 cm of tension to the base of the soil column, and soil water drainage is quantified to close the water balance within the lysimeter. The calibrated lysimeters return mass changes with uncertainties ranging from 3 to 8 g, corresponding to uncertainties of 0...

It is now essential for farmers to evaluate and compare different irrigation scheduling strategies in order to operate their irrigation systems in accordance with their resources and achievements. For tomato crops, a rigorous comparison was made between the yield of soil moisture and irrigation scheduling systems based on evapotranspiration. The experimental setup used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, with water requirements of 100%, 75%, and 50%. Using a ReplogleBos-Clemmens (RBC) flume with an input rate of 1...

The demand for mountain water resources is increasing, and their availability is threatened by climate change, emphasizing the urgency for effective protection and management. The upper Sali-Dulce watershed holds vital significance as it contributes the majority of the Sali-Dulce water resources, supporting a densely populated dry region in Northwestern Argentina, covering an area of 24,217 km2 . However, the potential impact of climate change and land use/land cover change on water yield in this watershed remains uncertain...

Qinghai spruce forests, found in the Qilian mountains, are a typical type of water conservation forest and play an important role in regulating the regional water balance and quantifying the changes and controlling factors for evapotranspiration (ET) and its components, namely, transpiration ( T ), evaporation ( Es ) and canopy interceptions ( Ei ), of the Qinghai spruce, which may provide rich information for improving water resource management. In this study, we partitioned ET based on the assumption that total ET equals the sum of T , Es and Ei , and then we analyzed the environmental controls on ET, T and Es ...

This work presents the dataset of stable water isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen measured in water samples from different sources (precipitation, surface water, groundwater, tap water) across Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2018 and from 2020 to 2023. The dataset includes results on isotopic composition of 399 water samples, namely precipitation: event-based ( n = 108), cumulative monthly ( n = 22); surface water: lakes, reservoirs, brooks, rivers, channels ( n = 175), groundwater: shallow and artesian groundwater, spring ( n = 85), tapwater ( n = 9)...

The emission reduction of atmospheric pollutants during the COVID-19 caused the change in aerosol concentration. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of changes in aerosol concentration on carbon sequestration potential. To reveal the impact mechanism of aerosols on rice carbon sequestration, the spatial differentiation characteristics of aerosol optical depth (AOD), gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), and meteorological factors were compared in the Sanjiang Plain...

The Middle East (ME) is grappling with an alarming increase in dust levels, measured as aerosol optical depth (AOD), which poses significant threats to air quality, human health, and ecological stability. This study aimed to investigate correlations between climate and non-climate driving factors and AOD in the ME over the last four-decade (1980-2020), based on analysis of three variables: actual evapotranspiration (AET), potential evapotranspiration (PET), and precipitation (P). A comprehensive analysis is conducted to discern patterns and trends, with a particular focus on regions such as Rub al-Khali, Ad-Dahna, An-Nafud Desert, and southern Iraq, where consistently high dust levels were observed...

The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events is one of the future prospects of climate change, and how ecosystems respond to extreme drought is crucial for response to climate change. Taking the extreme drought event in the Tropic of Cancer (Yunnan section) during 2009-2010 as a case study, used the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index to analyse the impact of extreme drought on enhanced vegetation index (EVI), leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP), and to analyzed the post extreme drought vegetation recovery status...

Considerable interest exists in understanding how climate change affects wildfire activity. Here, we use the Community Earth System Model version 2 to show that future anthropogenic aerosol mitigation yields larger increases in fire activity in the Northern Hemisphere boreal forests, relative to a base simulation that lacks climate policy and has large increases in greenhouse gases. The enhanced fire response is related to a deeper layer of summertime soil drying, consistent with increased downwelling surface shortwave radiation and enhanced surface evapotranspiration...