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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erin M Winslow, Kelly E Speare, Thomas C Adam, Deron E Burkepile, James L Hench, Hunter S Lenihan
Marine heatwaves are increasing in frequency and duration, threatening tropical reef ecosystems through intensified coral bleaching events. We examined a strikingly variable spatial pattern of bleaching in Moorea, French Polynesia following a heatwave that lasted from November 2018 to July 2019. In July 2019, four months after the onset of bleaching, we surveyed > 5000 individual colonies of the two dominant coral genera, Pocillopora and Acropora, at 10 m and 17 m water depths, at six forereef sites around the island where temperature was measured...
April 18, 2024: Scientific Reports
#22
EDITORIAL
Nesrine Souayeh, Manel Ben Ghalia, Hadhemi Rouis, Hajer Bettaieb
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 15, 2024: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada: JOGC
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rui Gao, Guanghui Li, Pingxiang Liu, Lei Gao, Jingxiu Bi, Yuying Jiang, Honglei Liu, Yutao Wang
Asparagus, a vital economic contributor, is a well-liked vegetable grown around the globe, and some secondary metabolites in its spear are beneficial to human health. Asparagus spears possess a significant quantity of nutrients and phytochemicals; however, the difference in these chemical compositions among various varieties has not been sufficiently studied. This work aimed to detect the chemical compositions of 30 varieties of asparagus and to assess them by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the contents of these chemical compositions varied in varieties...
April 2024: Food Science & Nutrition
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yueming Yan, Nathan J Spear, Qingzhou Meng, Mahi R Singh, Janet E Macdonald, Richard F Haglund
Dual heterostructures integrating noble-metal and copper chalcogenide nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention in nonlinear optics, because coupling of their localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) substantially enhances light-matter interactions through local-field effects. Previously, enhanced cascaded third-harmonic generation was demonstrated in Au/CuS heterostructures mediated by harmonically coupled surface plasmon resonances. This suggests a promising approach for extending nonlinear enhancement to higher harmonics by adding an additional nanoparticulate material with higher-frequency harmonic resonances to the hybrid films...
April 15, 2024: Nano Letters
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Spears, Menglin Xu, Abigail Shoben, Shawn Dason, Amanda Ewart Toland, Lindsey Byrne
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 290 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with prostate cancer. These SNVs can be combined to generate a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), which estimates an individual's risk to develop prostate cancer. Identifying individuals at higher risk for prostate cancer using PRS could allow for personalized screening recommendations, improve current screening tools, and potentially result in improved survival rates, but more research is needed before incorporating them into clinical use...
April 15, 2024: Familial Cancer
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jerry W Spears, Huey Yi Loh, Karen E Lloyd, Jeff S Heldt, Terry E Engle
Angus-crossbred steers (n = 400; 369.7 ± 7.6 kg) were used to determine the influence of trace mineral (TM) source and chromium propionate (Cr Prop) supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal and plasma variables in finishing steers. Steers were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned within block to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 1) TM source (STM or HTM) and 2) Cr supplementation (0 or 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM, -Cr or +Cr, respectively)...
April 13, 2024: Journal of Animal Science
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shadman Aziz, Kate Lachowycz, Rob Major, Paul Rees, Jon Barratt
Outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remain poor in the UK. In order to increase the chances of successful resuscitation, international society guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality have recommended titration of chest compression parameters and vasopressor administration to arterial diastolic blood pressure if invasive catheters are in situ at the time of cardiac arrest. However, prehospital initiation of arterial and central venous catheterisation is seldom undertaken due to the risks and significant technical challenges in the context of ongoing resuscitation in this environment...
April 12, 2024: Journal of Vascular Access
#28
REVIEW
Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro, Manav Vyas, Youngkyung Jung, Teruko Kishibe, Carl Leochico, Adrian Espiritu, Maria Kristina Dorotan, Nico Dimal, Abdelsimar Tan Omar, April Sienes, Gustavo Saposnik, Thomas R Marotta, Atif Zafar, Vitor Mendes Pereira, Julian Spears
This review focuses on the often-neglected long-term neuropsychiatric consequences of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), beyond traditional randomized trial outcomes of mortality and retreatment. While current guidelines recommend screening for these sequalae, it may not be routinely practiced. This review will underscore the prevalence and management of common neuropsychiatric sequalae, including anxiety, depression, cognitive dysfunction, headaches, seizures, and sexual dysfunction, all of which can significantly impact the quality of life of survivors of aSAH...
April 12, 2024: Journal of Neurointerventional Surgery
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeremy P Gygi, Anna Konstorum, Shrikant Pawar, Edel Aron, Steven H Kleinstein, Leying Guan
MOTIVATION: Predictive biological signatures provide utility as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis, as well as prediction of responses to vaccination or therapy. These signatures are identified from high-throughput profiling assays through a combination of dimensionality reduction and machine learning techniques. The genes, proteins, metabolites, and other biological analytes that compose signatures also generate hypotheses on the underlying mechanisms driving biological responses, thus improving biological understanding...
April 11, 2024: Bioinformatics
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J E Ralph, J S Ross, A B Zylstra, A L Kritcher, H F Robey, C V Young, O A Hurricane, A Pak, D A Callahan, K L Baker, D T Casey, T Döppner, L Divol, M Hohenberger, S Le Pape, P K Patel, R Tommasini, S J Ali, P A Amendt, L J Atherton, B Bachmann, D Bailey, L R Benedetti, L Berzak Hopkins, R Betti, S D Bhandarkar, J Biener, R M Bionta, N W Birge, E J Bond, D K Bradley, T Braun, T M Briggs, M W Bruhn, P M Celliers, B Chang, T Chapman, H Chen, C Choate, A R Christopherson, D S Clark, J W Crippen, E L Dewald, T R Dittrich, M J Edwards, W A Farmer, J E Field, D Fittinghoff, J Frenje, J Gaffney, M Gatu Johnson, S H Glenzer, G P Grim, S Haan, K D Hahn, G N Hall, B A Hammel, J Harte, E Hartouni, J E Heebner, V J Hernandez, H W Herrmann, M C Herrmann, D E Hinkel, D D Ho, J P Holder, W W Hsing, H Huang, K D Humbird, N Izumi, L C Jarrott, J Jeet, O Jones, G D Kerbel, S M Kerr, S F Khan, J Kilkenny, Y Kim, H Geppert-Kleinrath, V Geppert-Kleinrath, C Kong, J M Koning, J J Kroll, M K G Kruse, B Kustowski, O L Landen, S Langer, D Larson, N C Lemos, J D Lindl, T Ma, M J MacDonald, B J MacGowan, A J Mackinnon, S A MacLaren, A G MacPhee, M M Marinak, D A Mariscal, E V Marley, L Masse, K D Meaney, N B Meezan, P A Michel, M Millot, J L Milovich, J D Moody, A S Moore, J W Morton, T J Murphy, K Newman, J-M G Di Nicola, A Nikroo, R Nora, M V Patel, L J Pelz, J L Peterson, Y Ping, B B Pollock, M Ratledge, N G Rice, H G Rinderknecht, M Rosen, M S Rubery, J D Salmonson, J Sater, S Schiaffino, D J Schlossberg, M B Schneider, C R Schroeder, H A Scott, S M Sepke, K Sequoia, M W Sherlock, S Shin, V A Smalyuk, B K Spears, P T Springer, M Stadermann, S Stoupin, D J Strozzi, L J Suter, C A Thomas, R P J Town, C Trosseille, E R Tubman, P L Volegov, C R Weber, K Widmann, C Wild, C H Wilde, B M Van Wonterghem, D T Woods, B N Woodworth, M Yamaguchi, S T Yang, G B Zimmerman
Indirect Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have achieved a burning plasma state with neutron yields exceeding 170 kJ, roughly 3 times the prior record and a necessary stage for igniting plasmas. The results are achieved despite multiple sources of degradations that lead to high variability in performance. Results shown here, for the first time, include an empirical correction factor for mode-2 asymmetry in the burning plasma regime in addition to previously determined corrections for radiative mix and mode-1...
April 6, 2024: Nature Communications
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dean Spears, Sangita Vyas, Gage Weston, Michael Geruso
The size of the human population is projected to peak in the 21st century. But quantitative projections past 2100 are rare, and none quantify the possibility of a rebound from low fertility to replacement-level fertility. Moreover, the most recent long-term deterministic projections were published a decade ago; since then there has been further global fertility decline. Here we provide updated long-term cohort-component population projections and extend the set of scenarios in the literature to include scenarios in which future fertility (a) stays below replacement or (b) recovers and increases...
2024: PloS One
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariastefania De Vido, Gary Quinn, Danielle Clarke, Luke McHugh, Paul Mason, Jacob Spear, Jodie M Smith, Martin Divoky, Jan Pilar, Ondrej Denk, Thomas J Butcher, Chris Edwards, Tomas Mocek, John L Collier
We report on stable, long-term operation of a diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) amplifying 15 ns pulses at 1029.5 nm wavelength to 10 J energy at 100 Hz pulse rate, corresponding to 1 kW average power, with 25.4% optical-to-optical efficiency. The laser was operated at this level for over 45 minutes (∼3 · 105 shots) in two separate runs with a rms energy stability of 1%. The laser was also operated at 7 J, 100 Hz for 4 hours (1.44 · 106 shots) with a rms long-term energy stability of 1% and no need for user intervention...
March 25, 2024: Optics Express
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dirk Leder, Jens Lehmann, Annemieke Milks, Tim Koddenberg, Michael Sietz, Matthias Vogel, Utz Böhner, Thomas Terberger
Ethnographic records show that wooden tools played a pivotal role in the daily lives of hunter-gatherers including food procurement tools used in hunting (e.g., spears, throwing sticks) and gathering (e.g. digging sticks, bark peelers), as well as, domestic tools (e.g., handles, vessels). However, wood rarely survives in the archeological record, especially in Pleistocene contexts and knowledge of prehistoric hunter-gatherer lifeways is strongly biased by the survivorship of more resilient materials such as lithics and bones...
April 9, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter Thomas, Chloe Rees-Spear, Sarah Griffith, Luke Muir, Emma Touizer, Raiees Andrabi, Richard Priest, Jennifer Percival-Alwyn, Darryl Hayward, Amanda Buxton, William Traylen, Benny Chain, Trevor Wattam, Irene Sanjuan Nandin, Laura E McCoy
Antigen-specific antibody infusion is known to enhance or suppress germinal center (GC) responses depending on the affinity of the infusion. We hypothesized that infusing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of escalating affinity during an immunization regimen may progressively escalate selection pressure on competing B cells, increasing their affinity. To test this, we immunized mice with HIV envelope gp120 and infused CD4 binding-site (CD4bs)-specific mAbs. While mAb infusion reduced somatic hypermutation (SHM) and affinity in most CD4bs-specific B cells, a sub-population was identified with greater SHM and affinity than control...
April 19, 2024: IScience
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roman O Kowalchuk, Trey C Mullikin, Grant M Spears, Benjamin A Johnson-Tesch, Peter S Rose, Brittany L Siontis, Dong Kun Kim, Brian A Costello, Jonathan M Morris, Robert W Gao, Satomi Shiraishi, John J Lucido, Kenneth R Olivier, Dawn Owen, Bradley J Stish, Mark R Waddle, Nadia N Laack, Sean S Park, Paul D Brown, Kenneth W Merrell
OBJECTIVES: Metastasis-directed stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has demonstrated robust clinical benefits in carefully selected patients, improving local control and even overall survival (OS). We assess a large database to determine clinical and dosimetric predictors of local failure after spine SBRT. METHODS: Spine SBRT treatments with imaging follow-up were identified. Patients were treated with a simultaneous integrated boost technique using 1 or 3 fractions, delivering 20-24 Gy in 1 fraction to the gross tumor volume (GTV) and 16 Gy to the low dose volume (or 27-36 Gy and 21-24 Gy for 3 fraction treatments)...
March 27, 2024: Radiotherapy and Oncology
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aranzazu Fernandez-Martinez, Mattia Rediti, Gong Tang, Tomás Pascual, Katherine A Hoadley, David Venet, Naim U Rashid, Patricia A Spears, Md N Islam, Sarra El-Abed, Judith Bliss, Matteo Lambertini, Serena Di Cosimo, Jens Huobe, David Goerlitz, Rong Hu, Peter C Lucas, Sandra M Swain, Christos Sotiriou, Charles M Perou, Lisa A Carey
IMPORTANCE: Biologic features may affect pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus ERBB2/HER2 blockade in ERBB2/HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC). OBJECTIVE: To define the quantitative association between pCR and EFS by intrinsic subtype and by other gene expression signatures in a pooled analysis of 3 phase 3 trials: CALGB 40601, NeoALTTO, and NSABP B-41. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this retrospective pooled analysis, 1289 patients with EBC received chemotherapy plus either trastuzumab, lapatinib, or the combination, with a combined median follow-up of 5...
March 28, 2024: JAMA Oncology
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura M Brutscher, Sebhat Gebrechristos, Sean M Garvey, Jessica L Spears
Bacterial spore-forming Bacillaceae species, including Bacillus subtilis and Heyndrickxia coagulans , are increasingly utilized for probiotic dietary supplementation. Bacillus velezensis is a Bacillus species that is frequently used as a direct-fed microbial in animal feed but less so as a probiotic for humans. The objective of this study was to characterize the suitability of the Bacillus velezensis strain BV379 for probiotic applications by (1) in silico screening for both adverse genetic elements and putatively beneficial traits, (2) in vitro evaluation of interactions with human intestinal epithelial cells, and (3) in vitro characterization of BV379 spore viability at various temperatures, pH, and in the presence of bile salt...
February 21, 2024: Microorganisms
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ramey Moore, Jennifer Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer L Vincenzo, Susan K Patton, Marissa J Spear, Sheldon Riklon, Eldon Alik, Alan Padilla Ramos, Stephanie Takamaru, Pearl A McElfish, Geoffrey M Curran
BACKGROUND: While relationships and connectedness among organizations have been included in implementation theories, models, and frameworks, the increased attention to health equity in implementation science raises the urgency of understanding the role of relationships external to the implementing organization. This paper addresses this gap through an exploration of the role of external relationships in community-based, equity-focused interventions. METHODS: This study focuses on an equity-focused, community-based COVID-19 vaccination intervention in Arkansas, drawing upon long-term community-engaged relationships among University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Hispanic and Marshallese Islander communities...
2024: Front Health Serv
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamed M Megahed, Noha H Elashery, Saleh M Saleh, Ashraf M El-Shamy
The purpose of this research was to examine the viability of applying a flawless polyaniline coating on steel spearheads to preserve them and protect them from corrosion. The spearpoints, thought to be archaeologically significant, were acquired from the Military Museum in Al-Qala, Egypt. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the spearheads chemical composition and microstructure (EDX). The spearheads were determined to be constructed of steel and to have a coating of ferric oxide and other corrosion products on their exteriors...
March 27, 2024: Scientific Reports
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
V V Do, C A Spears, P M Ling, M P Eriksen, S R Weaver, T F Pechacek, A L Nyman, S L Emery, C J Berg, J Huang
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess exposure to e-cigarette advertising across multiple marketing channels among U.S. youth and to examine whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in exposure to e-cigarette advertisements. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were drawn from a longitudinal survey of participants recruited from two nationally representative panels (NORC's AmeriSpeak® and GfK's KnowledgePanel)...
March 22, 2024: Public Health
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