Gastroesophageal reflux respiratory children

INTRODUCTION: Periodic breathing (PB) is considered physiological in the neonatal period and usually disappears in the first months of life. There are few data available on persistent PB after the neonatal period. The objective of this study was to characterize infants born at term with persistent PB after the age of 1 month through polysomnography (PSG) performed during symptoms. METHODS: This retrospective case series included infants born at term between 2012 and 2021, without an underlying disease, who presented with symptoms of persistent PB during a PSG...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disease predisposing children to respiratory failure due to abnormal ventilatory drive. Variability in hypoventilation and respiratory support need have been reported. We aim to identify clinical variables associated with incident tracheostomy and common etiologies of hospitalization among children with CCHS. METHODS: Hospital discharge records were obtained for children (<21 years) with CCHS hospitalized between 2006 and 2019 from the Kid's Inpatient Database...

BACKGROUND: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder, characterized by limited variety and/or quantity of food intake impacting physical health and psychosocial functioning. Children with ARFID often present with a range of psychiatric and somatic symptoms, and therefore consult various pediatric subspecialties; large-scale studies mapping comorbidities are however lacking. To characterize health care needs of people with ARFID, we systematically investigated ARFID-related mental and somatic conditions in 616 children with ARFID and >30,000 children without ARFID...

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience with intraluminal esophageal stretching elongation (ILESE) in the successful treatment of long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) at a single center. METHODS: Clinical data of 68 neonates who underwent LGEA between February 2015 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Four patients died of multiple associated severe malformations and did not undergo ILESE. Esophageal anastomosis was successfully performed in 60 cases (93...

The upper aerodigestive system is closely intertwined from an embryologic and functional perspective. Laryngotracheal anatomic abnormalities, such as laryngomalacia, stenosis, vocal cord paralysis, and laryngeal clefts, affect not only the respiratory function but also the swallow function. Laryngotracheal pathology can interfere with the suck-swallow-breathe mechanism in infants. It can also exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux. Chronic aspiration secondary to laryngotracheal anomalies can result in respiratory and pulmonary complications...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, genetic, multi-organ disease affecting the respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and reproductive systems. CF can affect any aspect of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. GI pathophysiology associated with CF results from CF membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. The majority of people with CF (pwCF) experience exocrine pancreatic insufficiency resulting in malabsorption of nutrients and malnutrition...

We present a case of a three-year-old African American male, born at term, who initially presented with bronchiolitis at six months and has since experienced recurrent episodes of respiratory distress and hospitalizations. The patient also has severe eczema, developmental delays, and recurrent viral illnesses. Despite thorough evaluations from various specialists, such as pulmonology, allergy, and gastroenterology, the underlying cause remained elusive. The differential diagnosis for this case is as follows: severe persistent asthma with a possible link to genetic mutations such as CDHR3, hyper-IgE syndrome, atypical presentation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with aspiration pneumonitis...

Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality compatible with life. The life of patients suffering from DS can be strongly impacted by Recurrent Respiratory tract Infections (RRIs), leading to an increased rate of hospitalisation, a higher need for intensive care and fatality. With a literature review, we summarise here the main etiological factors for RRI in this category of patients, particularly focusing on airway malformations such as tracheomalacia, tracheal bronchus and bronchomalacia, comorbidities associated with the syndrome, like congenital heart diseases, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, musculoskeletal involvement and obesity, and immunologic impairments, involving both innate and adaptive immunity...

BACKGROUND: When patients continue to experience cough despite conventional treatment, East Asian traditional medicine (EATM) including herbal medicine and/or acupuncture has been frequently used. Previous systematic reviews of EATM treatment for chronic cough have been conducted mainly on herbal medicine, targeting patients with conditions that cause cough. In clinical practice, EATM interventions are not limited to herbal medicine, and considering that chronic cough is often caused by two or more conditions or unspecific causes, a comprehensive investigation is clinically relevant...

X is a 22-month-old White male infant with a complex medical history, including diagnoses of FBXO11 mutation, hypotonia, restrictive lung disease and mild intermittent asthma, laryngotracheomalacia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), feeding difficulties with a history of aspiration, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and developmental delays. X's medical presentation has resulted in multiple prior medical admissions for respiratory failure due to acute illnesses, procedures and treatments including gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tube dependence, supraglottoplasty to reshape tissues of the upper larynx, and the use of biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) at night and room air during the day when he is at baseline...

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections frequently complicate the care of children with chronic tracheostomies. Pediatric patients have significantly more risk to have tracheostomy infections than adults. Better understanding of modifiable risk factors for pulmonary exacerbations may improve the care of technology-dependent children. Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort study conducted on children with tracheostomy and chronic home ventilator to determine the incidence of pulmonary exacerbations leading to hospitalizations, emergency room (ER) visits, and antibiotic prescriptions...

In recent decades, the patient survival is increased due to advances in intensive care units and development of modern mechanic ventilators. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to wean these children from mechanical ventilation. Recently, after placement a tracheostomy tube, these children can be supported at home with noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. Most of the children who need ventilation support at home have neurological impairment. The nutritional issues and gastrointestinal (GI) complications are well defined in critically ill patients, but there are very limited studies on children with tracheostomy...

INTRODUCTION: The achievement of alimentary competencies is a milestone in the development of preterm neonates. Ten percent of neonates <37 weeks of gestational age and 25% of those VLBW experience swallowing disorders, with an increased risk of problems in the early phase of life (failure to thrive, growth retardation, inhalation, and consequent risk of pulmonary infection) and later in life due to delayed development of oromotor skills.The main diagnostic tools for swallowing disorders are endoscopic (fiber-optic endoscopic examination of swallowing, FEES) or radiographic (videofluoroscopic swallowing study, VFSS) exams...

Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) affect the development and growth of the neuromuscular system in children. The pathology can occur anywhere along the neuromuscular pathway, from the brain to the nerves to the muscle fibers. These diseases have a profound impact on the quality of life not only of children but also of their families. The predominant manifestation in NMDs is hypotonia, which leads to muscle weakness and fatigue, reduced mobility, and decreased physical performance. However, multiple organ systems can be affected, with resulting orthopedic, cardiac, infectious, respiratory, and nutritional problems...

IMPORTANCE: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use may lead to infections through alteration of the microbiota or direct action on the immune system. However, only a few studies were conducted in children, with conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations between PPI use and serious infections in children, overall and by infection site and pathogen. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nationwide cohort study was based on the Mother-Child EPI-MERES Register built from the French Health Data System (SNDS)...

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common physiologic occurrence in infants, children, and adolescents and can develop into a pathological process (GERD) with associated complications. Gastroesophageal reflux is reported in approximately 30% of healthy infants, with a peak age of 3 to 4 months and is a common concern from families presenting to the emergency department. Evaluation and diagnosis of GER/GERD is primarily clinical and requires a detailed history, a complete physical examination, and exclusion of more severe extraesophageal pathologies...

BACKGROUND: The implications of gastroesophageal reflux disease in respiratory tract infections have been investigated over time. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between these two pathologic entities and the outcome after proper antireflux treatment. METHODS: A group of 53 children with recurrent respiratory tract infections admitted in the gastroenterology clinic of a children's hospital in North-East Romania was investigated for gastroesophageal reflux disease through 24 h pH-metry...

Laryngotracheal stenosis, congenital or acquired, is a common cause of pediatric airway obstruction. Acquired subglottic stenosis frequently results from prolonged neonatal intubation. The clinical presentation of subglottic stenosis is variable, ranging from biphasic stridor and frequent upper respiratory infections to acute airway compromise. Optimal patient care requires clinical coordination within a multidisciplinary subspecialty team. Medical management includes optimizing respiratory status, gastroesophageal reflux, speech, feeding, nutrition therapies, and providing psychosocial support...

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) might be either a cause or comorbidity in children with extraesophageal problems especially as refractory respiratory symptoms, without any best methods or criterion for diagnosing it in children. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of extraesophageal GERD using conventional and combined-video, multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH), and to propose novel diagnostic parameters. METHODS: The study was conducted among children suspected of extraesophageal GERD at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between 2019 and 2022...

BACKGROUND: Higher risk of recurrence has been reported in pediatric inguinal hernia patients with specific comorbidities. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate which comorbidities predispose to recurrent pediatric inguinal hernias (RPIHs). METHODS: A comprehensive search of six databases was performed, reviewing the literature to date on RPIHs and the co-occurrence of comorbidities. English-language publications were considered for inclusion...