Core temperature

Accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is the core index of battery management system (BMS). When the battery equivalent circuit model (ECM) identifies the parameters under complex operating conditions, there is more jitter or even divergence, which will affect the estimation accuracy of battery SOC. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new algorithm, namely the cross time scale fusion (CTSF) algorithm. Firstly, the cross-time scales <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

Plants possess the remarkable ability to integrate the circadian clock with various signalling pathways, enabling them to quickly detect and react to both external and internal stress signals. However, the interplay between the circadian clock and biological processes in orchestrating responses to environmental stresses remains poorly understood. TOC1, a core component of the plant circadian clock, plays a vital role in maintaining circadian rhythmicity and participating in plant defences. Here, our study reveals a direct interaction between TOC1 and the promoter region of MYB44, a key gene involved in plant defence...

Monitoring body temperature and energy expenditure in freely-moving laboratory mice remains a powerful methodology used widely across a variety of disciplines-including circadian biology, sleep research, metabolic phenotyping, and the study of body temperature regulation. Some of the most pronounced changes in body temperature are observed when small heterothermic species reduce their body temperature during daily torpor. Daily torpor is an energy saving strategy characterized by dramatic reductions in body temperature employed by mice and other species when challenged to meet energetic demands...

The development of single-system materials that exhibit both multi-color room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with tunable afterglow colors and channels is challenging. In this study, we developed four metal-free carbon dots (CDs) through structural tailoring and achieved panchromatic high-brightness RTP via strong chemical encapsulation in urea. The maximum lifetime and quantum yield reached 2141 ms and 56.55%, respectively. Moreover, CDs-IV@urea, prepared via core-shell interaction engineering, exhibited a dual afterglow of red RTP at 622 nm and green TADF...

Emulsions have become a crucial product form in various industries in modern times. Expanding the class of substances used to stabilize emulsions can improve their stability or introduce new properties. Particularly, the use of stimuli-responsive microgels makes it possible to create "smart" emulsions whose stability can be controlled by changing any of the specified stimuli. Thus, finding new ways to stabilize emulsions may broaden their application. In this work, for the first time, we applied microgels based on interpenetrating polymeric networks (IPNs) of poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as stabilizing agents for "oil-in-water" emulsions...

In this work, the first dimerized nonfused electron acceptor (NFEA), based on thieno[3,4- c ]pyrrole-4,6-dione as the core, has been designed and synthesized. The dimerized acceptor and its single counterpart exhibit similar energy levels but different absorption spectra due to their distinct aggregation behavior. The dimerized acceptor-based organic solar cells (OSCs) demonstrate a higher power conversion efficiency of 11.05%, accompanied by enhanced thermal stability. This improvement is attributed to the enhancement of the short-circuit current density and fill factor, along with an increase in the glass transition temperature...

Four weeks before competition in the 2023 Marathon des Sables, a 6-stage, ~250 km running event in the Sahara Desert, we examined the effects of a 7-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (210 mg anthocyanins per day) on 1 h treadmill running-induced physiological and metabolic responses in the heat (~34 °C, relative humidity: ~30%) in non-acclimatized amateur female and male athletes (age: 23, 38 yrs, BMI: 24.2, 28.4 kg·m-2 , body fat%: 29.2, 18.8%, V˙O2max : 50.1, 52.1 mL·kg-1 ·min-1 )...

Two chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) core-shell microspheres based on achiral organic precursors by chiral-induced synthesis strategy for HPLC enantioseparation are reported for the first time. Using n-hexane/isopropanol as mobile phase, various kinds of racemates were selected as analytes and separated on the CCOF-TpPa-1@SiO2 and CCOF-TpBD@SiO2 -packed columns with a low column backpressure (3 ~ 9 bar). The fabricated two CCOFs@SiO2 chiral columns exhibited good separation performance towards various racemates with high column efficiency (e...

Rectal temperature is widely used as an indicator of animal health. However, rectal temperature is conventionally measured by an invasive method, which may reduce animal welfare. So, this study aimed to determine the relationships between the deep-body (core) temperature and body surface temperatures in goats and develop a linear regression equation to establish the core temperature based on body surface temperatures. Body surface temperatures (head, eye, muzzle, horn, back, scrotum and groin) of goats were measured by infrared thermography (IRT)...

The circadian clock is an evolutionarily-conserved molecular oscillator that enables species to anticipate rhythmic changes in their environment. At a molecular level, the core clock genes induce circadian oscillations in thousands of genes in a tissue-specific manner, orchestrating myriad biological processes. While previous studies have investigated how the core clock circuit responds to environmental perturbations such as temperature, the downstream effects of such perturbations on circadian regulation remain poorly understood...

Bacterioruberin and its rare glycosylated derivatives are produced by Arthrobacter agilis as an adaptation strategy to low temperature conditions. The high antioxidant properties of bacterioruberin held great promise for different future applications like the pharmaceutical and food industries. Microbial production of bacterioruberin via a cost-effective medium will help increase its commercial availability and industrial use. The presented study aims to optimize the production of the rare C50 carotenoid bacterioruberin and its derivatives from the psychotrophic bacteria Arthrobacter agilis NP20 strain on a whey-based medium as a cost effective and readily available nutritious substrate...

Date palm cultivation has thrived in the Gulf Cooperation Council region since ancient times, where it represents a vital sector in agricultural and socio-economic development. However, climate change conditions prevailing for decades in this area, next to rarefication of rain, hot temperatures, intense evapotranspiration, rise of sea level, salinization of groundwater, and intensification of cultivation, contributed to increase salinity in the soil as well as in irrigation water and to seriously threaten date palm cultivation sustainability...

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a dangerous postoperative complication after abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). Intraoperative core body temperature has been associated with thrombotic events in other surgical contexts. This study examines the effects of intraoperative temperature on VTE rate after AWR. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on AWR patients. Cohorts were defined by postoperative 30-day VTE. Intraoperative core body temperature was recorded as the minimum, maximum, and mean intraoperative temperatures...

Information about the resistance and adaptive potential of tree species and provenances is needed to select suitable planting material in times of rapidly changing climate conditions. In this study, we evaluate growth responses to climatic fluctuations and extreme events for 12 provenances of northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) that were tested across three trial sites with distinct environmental conditions in Germany. Six provenances each were sourced from the natural distribution in North America and from introduced stands in Germany...

While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014...

As the core index, how to improve bioavailability of loaded cargoes has been a hot topic of drug carriers. In our study, aminated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as cross-linking points was first integrated into three-dimensional poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) network to build up a unique submicrocage (466.2± 47.6 nm), featuring upper critical solution temperature (UCST; ∼40 °C), high volume expansion coefficient and excellent biocompatibility. Hereinto hydrophobic β-elemene was locally loaded in β-CD with high loading efficiency (8...

On-farm dairy processing plants, which are situated close to farms and larger dairy processing facilities, face unique challenges in maintaining environmental hygiene. This can impact various stages of dairy processing. These plants operate on smaller scales and use Low-Temperature-Long-Time (LTLT) pasteurization, making them more susceptible to microbial contamination through direct and indirect contact. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria found on dairy farms pose risks to human health by potentially transferring resistance via dairy products...

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are the core elements of spintronic devices. Now, the mainstream writing operation of MTJs mainly relies on electric current with high energy dissipation, which can be greatly reduced if an electric field is used instead. In this regard, strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructure composed of MTJ and ferroelectrics are promising with the advantages of room temperature and magnetic field-free as already demonstrated by MTJ with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. However, there is no such report on the perpendicular MTJs (p-MTJs), which have been commercialized...

Enhanced sampling algorithms are indispensable when working with highly disconnected multimodal distributions. An important application of these is the conformational exploration of particular internal degrees of freedom of molecular systems. However, despite the existence of many commonly used enhanced sampling algorithms to explore these internal motions, they often rely on system-dependent parameters, which negatively impact efficiency and reproducibility. Here, we present fully adaptive simulated tempering (FAST), a variation of the irreversible simulated tempering algorithm, which continuously optimizes the number, parameters, and weights of intermediate distributions to achieve maximally fast traversal over a space defined by the change in a predefined thermodynamic control variable such as temperature or an alchemical smoothing parameter...

Due to the superior catalytic activity and efficient utilization of noble metals, nanocatalysts are extensively used in the modern industrial production of chemicals. The surface structures of these materials are significantly influenced by reactive adsorbates, leading to dynamic behavior under experimental conditions. The dynamic nature poses significant challenges in studying the  structure-activity relations of catalysts. Herein, we unveil an anomalous entropic effect on catalysis via surface pre-melting of nanoclusters through machine learning accelerated molecular dynamics and free energy calculation...