Pelvic ultrasound

Vesico-acetabular fistula formation is a rare condition typically associated with total hip arthroplasty. Clinical features can include pain of the hip and flank, haematuria, and dysuria. We report the case of a 67-year-old female with a past medical history of bilateral pelvic fractures and calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease of the hip joint, who developed vesico-acetabular fistula in the absence of surgery. This was then complicated by septic arthritis. We highlight the ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the case and review the previous case reports describing the vesico-acetabular fistula...

A 40-year-old woman without history of endometriosis was found to have 10 cm pelvic mass on the routine first trimester ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis demonstrated a large solid mass abutting the rectum which raised the concern for malignancy. Transrectal biopsy of the mass was performed with histopathology result of decidualized endometriosis. Patient continued her pregnancy and had cesarean section at 39 weeks. Interestingly, no mass was found when obstetrician performed pelvic examination after delivery in the operative room...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a frequently occurring gynecological disorder mainly caused by the inflammation of a woman's upper genital tract. Generally, antibiotics are used for treating PID, but prolonged use poses potential risks of gut bacterial imbalance, bacterial resistance, super bacteria production, and associated adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown unique advantages in various ailments and has received widespread clinical research attention...

Locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) involving the lateral pelvic sidewall requires a complex approach to maximize the likelihood of R0 resection, which is the only predictor of survival. The purpose of this report is to describe a novel technique to resect a localized lateral pelvic sidewall LRRC. A 63-year-old male patient was referred for a 15-mm LRRC near the right internal iliac vessels. Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging excluded any involvement of the pelvic colon or residual rectum...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Urachal cyst infections during pregnancy are exceptionally rare, posing diagnostic challenges. This case report contributes to the limited literature, emphasizing the rarity, diagnostic difficulties, and the need for heightened healthcare provider awareness for timely intervention. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 32-year-old pregnant woman with persistent pelvic pain, fever, and urinary symptoms sought care with inconclusive initial diagnoses despite multiple ER visits...

RATIONALE: Hysterectomy after microwave ablation (MWA) is more difficult than conventional surgery which increases the probability of postoperative complications due to MWA's collateral thermal damage to nearby intestines. Here we report a case of multiple postoperative complications after hysterectomy following MWA. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 44-year-old female was admitted due to progressive abdominal pain during menstruation for 30 years and no relief 1 year after MWA...

INTRODUCTION: Acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain is a common presenting symptom in surgical patients, with a wide range of differentials, particularly in premenopausal females. This study explores ultrasound usage in the management of women aged 16-55 years presenting with RIF pain. METHODS: A total of 1,082 patients who presented to a tertiary hospital over 12 months were included. Data were collected from patients' electronic records, including initial clinical impression, imaging, management, operative findings, histology and subsequent hospital attendances within 6 weeks and within 6 months...

INTRODUCTION: Non-invasive biofeedback of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is required for continuous training in home care. Therefore, we considered self-performed ultrasound (US) in adult women with a handheld US device applied to the bladder. However, US images are difficult to read and require assistance when using US at home. In this study, we aimed to develop an algorithm for the automatic evaluation of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction using self-performed bladder US videos to verify whether it is possible to automatically determine PFM contraction from US videos...

Ectopic pregnancies are extremely rare causing severe consequences such as uterine rupture and may lead to death. The clinical symptomatology is very atypical, essentially pelvic pain and metrorrhagia, for this reason, a misdiagnosis can be fatal. Here we report two cases of an intramural pregnancy in a 33-year-old primigravida at 6 weeks gestation after a medically assisted reproduction and a 26-year-old primigravida at 8 weeks gestation with no predisposing factors, making the diagnosis more challenging.

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT) are a rare form of sex cord stromal tumors. DICER1 germline mutations have been identified in a portion of these cases. We report a 15-year-old individual who presented to a well-child visit with secondary amenorrhea and subjective observations of a deepening voice and broadening shoulders. Elevations were noted in serum testosterone, inhibin B, androstenedione, and DHEA. Pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left ovarian complex lesion measuring 5...

BACKGROUND: The muscles present in the pelvic girdle compartment demonstrate clinically significant anatomical variation regarding both their site of attachment and additions, such as accessory heads, muscles or tendinous slips. Many of those variations might be considered potential traps during ultrasound examination that may result in misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to raise awareness of such possibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search for morphological variations was performed in PubMed and NIH...

INTRODUCTION: Eighty-five per cent of uterine inversions are puerperal. Non-puerperal uterine inversion is usually caused by tumours that exert a traction force on the fundus of the uterus. This causes the uterus to be partially or completely inverted. It is commonly related to benign tumours like submucosal leiomyomas. Nevertheless, malignancies are an infrequent association. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 35-year-old female patient, medically and surgically free, gravida0 para0, complaining of menometrorrhagia associated with pelvic pain for 2 years...

PURPOSE: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men aged 50 years and older and the second cause of cancer death among men. Accurate staging of PCa preoperatively is of high importance for treatment decisions and patient management. Conventional imaging modalities (ultrasound, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging) are inaccurate for the staging of PCa. Newer modality multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) scan show promising results for the staging of PCa...

BACKGROUND: Intramural ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy that occurs within the myometrium. It is challenging to diagnose it early because of its nonspecific clinical presentation, and there is no consensus or guideline on the optimal management among gynecologists. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 34-year-old woman who developed fundal intramural ectopic pregnancy after a previous caesarean section with B-Lynch suture. The B-Lynch suture was performed at 38 weeks of gestation for postpartum hemorrhage caused by refractory uterine atony about 8 years ago...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of married women in China who intend to become pregnant given the country's pronatalist population policy and to investigate fecundity, with an emphasis on the influence of socioeconomic factors. METHODS: A nationally representative survey of 12 815 married women aged 20 to 49 years (mean: 36.8 years) was conducted during 2019 and 2020. All completed questionnaires, 10 115 gave blood samples and 11 710 underwent pelvic ultrasound examination...

Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, type VIII is an exceedingly rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, also known as congenital non-progressive distal spinal muscular atrophy. It is characterized by progressive weakness in distal motor function and atrophy of muscles, without accompanying sensory impairment. Presently, there is limited literature on this condition, and accurate epidemiological data regarding its incidence remains unavailable. We report a paediatric case of distal hereditary motor, type VIII that is caused by a heterozygous missense mutation in the TRPV4 gene (NM_021625): c...

Mature cystic teratoma of the fallopian tube is extremely rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the English literature. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and the diagnosis is most often made after surgical resection. A preoperative diagnosis has the potential to aid with surgical planning and patient counseling. We present a case of a large completely intratubal mature cystic teratoma in a 40-year-old woman who presented to her primary care provider with the gradual onset of right lower quadrant/pelvic pain...

Hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal females may arise from either ovarian or adrenal sources and can pose a challenging diagnostic dilemma. We present the case of a 66-year-old female with postmenopausal hyperandrogenism with virilization, adrenal incidentaloma, and concurrent finding of two extremely rare ovarian tumors, including bilateral Leydig cell tumor and Brenner tumor. Laboratory tests showed elevated testosterone and androstenedione and normal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Response to 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test demonstrated persistently elevated testosterone and incomplete suppression of androstenedione...

Renal endometriosis is a rare disorder of cases of urinary tract endometriosis. A 42-year-old woman presented at our outpatient department with an incidental painless mass on her left hypoplastic kidney revealed on an abdominal ultrasound. Abdominal and pelvic examinations revealed no abnormal findings. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an anterolateral slightly enhanced left renal mass that measured 1.2 cm in diameter. Furthermore, CT did not reveal any evidence of abdominal or thoracic metastasis. There are a few case reports in the literature of tumors in specimens from patients who underwent nephrectomy for hypoplastic kidneys, but discriminating between benign and malignant masses is difficult unless a nephrectomy is performed...

BACKGROUND: Müllerian agenesis, known as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, is characterized by an absent uterus, cervix, and two-thirds proximal vagina (1). To allow sexual intercourse, dilatators-based conservative approaches and Vecchietti vaginoplasty generate progressive traction on the vaginal stump until adequate vaginal size is achieved. Other approaches create the neovagina using mucous/cutaneous, peritoneal, or ileal/sigmoid grafts or cutaneous flaps from the genitalia to fulfill a newly developed space between the bladder and rectum...