Oppositional Defiance Disorder

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to examine the emotional, behavioral problems, and psychiatric symptoms of children diagnosed with Graves' disease (GD), to assess their quality of life, and to compare with control group. METHODS: The research was planned as a cross-sectional study and included 16 patients with GD (13 female and three male) and 29 healthy children for control group (19 female and 10 male). Sociodemographic form, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), and Affective Reactivity Index scale were applied to the children and their families...

OBJECTIVE: To identify childhood psychopathological features that predict the onset of adolescent Bipolar (BD) versus Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (UD) during adolescence. METHOD: We analyzed clinical data from 495 juveniles diagnosed with DSM-5 UD ( n  = 359), and BD ( n  = 136), using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: BD subjects exhibited earlier onset of any psychiatric feature compared to UD...

Self-regulation (SR) difficulties are implicated in a wide range of disorders which develop in childhood, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiance disorder (ODD), anxiety and depression. However, the integration of the existing research evidence is challenging because of varying terminology and the wide range of tasks used, as well as the heterogeneity and comorbidity within and across diagnostic categories. The current study used the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to guide the examination of different SR processes in young children showing a wide range of symptomatology...

BACKGROUND: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a disruptive behavioral disorder; however, increasing evidence emphasizes irritable mood as a primary symptom of ODD. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether heterogeneous groups (classes) of individuals can be differentiated based on ODD sub-dimensions (irritability and defiance) or on overall ODD symptoms longitudinally. We also examine associations between ODD trajectory class and comorbid substance use (heavy episodic drinking, cannabis use), mental health (depression and anxiety) and behavioral symptoms (ADHD, aggression and substance use) in both adolescence and young adulthood (controlling for adolescent levels of each of these concerns)...

An important goal of clinical/developmental research is to identify factors contributing to the onset and maintenance of psychopathology - particularly factors that could be modified through intervention. Large-scale, multi-informant, longitudinal studies provide valuable opportunities for testing such etiological hypotheses, as illustrated by Nobakht et al.'s recent six-wave cohort study spanning ages 4-14. At a within-person level, emotion regulation (ER) deficits consistently predicted oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms (including both irritability and defiance), whereas victimization did not...

OBJECTIVE: A neuropsychological case review of Long COVID. Long COVID remains to be a controversial topic in terms of cognitive residuals from contracting the virus. This child was referred due to acute cognitive changes post-COVID-19 contraction. Active COVID-19 infection was generally unremarkable. Patient did not require hospitalization or medication intervention. METHODS: This patient is a 14-year-old, Caucasian, right-handed male. A psychiatrist referred the patient due to emotional (anxiety and oppositionality), cognitive (attention, reduced processing, memory, "brain fog,"), and physical (disrupted sleep, fatigue) changes post-infection...

Executive function (EF) difficulties are implicated in Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs), such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Because NDDs are highly comorbid and frequently co-occur with additional clinical problems, it is unclear how specific EF problems are associated with symptoms of ASD and ADHD, whilst accounting for co-occurring anxiety or oppositional defiance disorder (ODD) symptoms. The current study utilised a large sample of young children (n = 438, aged 4-8) referred to Cardiff University's Neurodevelopment Assessment Unit (NDAU) by teachers for cognitive and/or socio-emotional problems...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Hopelessness can compromise caregivers' mental health and impede their ability to take care of their child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study aimed to explore the associations of hopelessness with caregiver depression and anxiety in caregivers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Additionally, the study examined the associations of child demographics, ADHD and oppositional defiance symptoms, and caregiver demographics, parenting stress, and affiliate stigma with hopelessness...

Possession of characteristics related to Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Oppositional Defiance Disorder, and Autism Spectrum Disorder in children prenatally exposed to alcohol contributes to challenges within the diagnostic pathway for Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The presentation of these characteristics, though problematic for the children affected, may not result in referral for diagnosis; focusing on diagnostic thresholds masks the dimensional nature of these characteristics. Children with traits which are undiagnosed may not receive effective support and are often identified as exhibiting challenging behaviour...

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated behavioral disorders are highly prevalent in children and adolescents, yet many of them do not receive the care they need. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) may address this need by providing accessible and high-quality care. Given the necessity for high levels of caregiver and primary care practitioner involvement in addressing ADHD symptoms and behavioral problems, collaborative care interventions that adopt a whole-family approach may be particularly well suited to reduce symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and opposition in children and adolescents...

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of undetected eating disorders (EDs) among adolescent psychiatric inpatients and to investigate the association between clinical, psychiatric, and sociocultural factors and EDs. METHODS: Between January and December 2018, patients aged 12-18 years, hospitalized for inpatient-level treatment were given the self-assessment questionnaires of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), the Contour Drawing Figure Rating Scale (CDFRS), the Child Behaviour Check List, and Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-4 after their routine unstructured clinical diagnostic assessment on admission by a psychiatrist...

BACKGROUND: Children referred for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with a broader pattern of conduct problems including oppositionality and defiance. This combination can be extremely stressful to parents, lower parents' self-esteem and negatively impact family life. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that families receive support as soon as possible after their referral. However, as clinical services are overstretched, and traditional in-person parenting intervention programmes are expensive, families often must wait times a long time prior to receiving this vital input...

OBJECTIVE: Adverse developmental effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) are hypothesized to extend into late adolescence, yet few studies have investigated the association between PCE and late adolescent mental health outcomes. We examined the associations between PCE and self-reported mental health symptoms at age 17, controlling for biologic and environmental confounders. We further explored the potential moderating role of sex and the mediating role of earlier drug use by age 15 in the associations...

Objective: To explore the correlation between sleep disorders and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: We studied 100 Chinese children (70 boys and 30 girls; mean age, 8.77 ± 2.39 years). Parents completed the Children's Sleep Disturbance Scale (SDSC) and the Swanson Nolan and Pelham Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) questionnaires. SNAP-IV and SDSC scores were compared in children with and without sleep disorders and ADHD. Results: There were significant differences in SDSC scores, Arousal Disorder (AD) scores, and Sleep Breathing Disorder (SBD) scores between children with and without ADHD ( P < 0...

Long-term neurological and neurodevelopmental sequelae are a concerning issue for people with Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) central nervous system (CNS) infection. Unfortunately, no longitudinal prospective clinical study has systematically investigated the consequences of EV-A71 CNS infection during early life on the later development of other psychiatric disorders. In this naturalistic longitudinal follow-up design, we followed forty-three youth, who got EV-A71 CNS involvement 6-18 years ago and were enrolled in other EV-A71 clinical studies then...

The etiology of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is not well understood but appears to have both biologically-based roots and can develop following adverse experiences. The current study is the first to examine the interaction between biologically-based factors and type of trauma experience (i.e., interpersonal and non-interpersonal) and associations with ODD. The psychophysiological factors included baseline resting heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and cortisol. ODD was measured as two dimensions of irritable and defiant/vindictive...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether temperament dimensions, Effortful Control (EC), Surgency-Extraversion (SE), and Negative Affectivity (NA), are associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and how they relate to awakening cortisol levels, as a proxy measure of peripheral arousal. METHODS: Parent-rated temperament and saliva samples were collected from 55 children with ADHD and 65 age-matched controls. RESULTS: Compared to controls, youths with ADHD showed lower EC, higher NA, and lower awakening cortisol levels but did not differ in SE...

OBJECTIVE: This study examined how parents and children interact when crossing virtual roads together. We examined (1) whether children's inattention/hyperactivity and oppositionality and children's failure to jointly perform the task interfered with parents' efforts to scaffold children's road-crossing skill and (2) whether experience with the joint road-crossing task impacted children's subsequent performance in a solo road-crossing task. METHODS: Fifty-five 8- to 10-year-old children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their parents first jointly crossed a lane of traffic in an immersive pedestrian simulator...

Victimization and perpetration of cyberbullying and traditional bullying are prevalent among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the associations of impulsivity, frustration discomfort, and hostility with victimization and with the perpetration of cyberbullying and traditional bullying in adolescents with ADHD. Self-reported involvement in cyberbullying and traditional bullying was assessed in 195 adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. Adolescents also completed questionnaires for impulsivity, frustration discomfort, and hostility...

BACKGROUND: Previous neuroimaging studies have described shared and distinct neurobiological mechanisms between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, little is known about the similarities and differences in topologically structural connectivity patterns between the two disorders. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and deterministic tractography were used to construct the brain white matter (WM) structural networks of children and adolescents (age range, 6-16 years); 31 had ASD, 34 had ADHD, and 30 were age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) individuals...