midface trauma

BACKGROUND: Patients sustaining maxillofacial fractures are at risk for associated injuries (AIs) to other body regions. The incidence of AIs is reported to be from 20 to 35%. AIs may be life-threatening and play a key role in considering first-line management at the emergency department, as well as planning the definitive treatment of maxillofacial fractures. PURPOSE: The study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors for AIs in patients with maxillofacial fractures...

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the personal and social lives of millions of people and also impacted the etiological factors of midfacial trauma such as falls, interpersonal violence or traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on maxillofacial trauma surgery in the German healthcare system. METHODS: Nationwide data regarding the national diagnosis-related-group (DRG) inpatient billing system used in all German hospitals was received from the German Federal Statistical Office...

Soft tissue injuries to the midface (and nose) are common causes for seeking trauma care. As trauma patients, observing advanced trauma life support protocols is warranted given the risk of concomitant injuries. Here, options for optimizing tissue preservation, microvascular replantation, non-microvascular tissue replacement, and wound stabilization are discussed. Included in this discussion are data-driven predictors for successful replantation as well as technique descriptions with anatomic references to guide surgeons in choosing optimal donor vessels...

PURPOSE: To compare the types of facial fractures and their treatment in bicyclists admitted to a level 1 trauma centre with major and minor-moderate head injury. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from bicycle-related injuries in the period 2005-2016 extracted from the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry. RESULTS: A total of 967 bicyclists with head injuries classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) were included...

The facial nerve stimulates the muscles of facial expression and the parasympathetic nerves of the face. Consequently, facial nerve paralysis can lead to facial asymmetry, deformation, and functional impairment. Facial nerve palsy is most commonly idiopathic, as with Bell palsy, but it can also result from a tumor or trauma. In this article, we discuss traumatic facial nerve injury. To identify the cause of the injury, it is important to first determine its location. The location and extent of the damage inform the treatment method, with options including primary repair, nerve graft, cross-face nerve graft, nerve crossover, and muscle transfer...

Craniomaxillofacial trauma is primarily diagnosed and managed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Among the cases encountered, midface fractures involving orbital walls are highly prevalent. In these fractures, involvement of the orbital walls, particularly floor of the orbit, can lead to considerable aesthetic and functional limitations. From a maxillofacial perspective, indications for surgical repair of orbital floor encompass marked decrease in ocular motility, fracture affecting more than 50% of surface area, an increase in orbital volume exceeding 18% and enophthalmos greater than 2 mm...

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to analyze the pattern, etiology and management of maxillofacial trauma in children up to 16 years of age. STUDY DESIGN: Records of the patients who sustained maxillofacial trauma from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively evaluated for age, gender, etiology, pattern of injuries and their management. Children were divided into three groups-primary (0-5 yrs), mixed (6-11 yrs) and permanent dentition group (12-16 yrs). Maxillofacial trauma was observed as midface fracture, mandible fractures, soft tissue injuries and associated tooth fractures...

OBJECTIVE: Anterior maxillary deficiency caused by trauma or oncologic resection presents a complex reconstructive challenge. The authors present a technique for 2-stage midface reconstruction utilizing a vascularized free fibula flap for maxillary reconstruction, followed by nasal reconstruction at a second stage utilizing a banked fibula graft. METHODS: This case series utilizes a 2-stage technique for midface reconstruction. In the first stage, a fibula-free flap was used to reconstruct the maxilla with the excess banked in the abdomen...

The reconstruction of the whole orbitozygomatic framework (OZF) is complex and can be encountered in cases of congenital midface deformity, after tumor ablative surgery and in severe facial trauma. Nowadays, surgeon has a wide range of available techniques that have continually grown over the past years, optimizing the surgical management and the aesthetical outcomes. Among them, the autologous bone graft (ABG) remains one of the most suitable options : ABG is easy to harvest and has optimal biological properties for bone healing...

PURPOSE: To assess periocular autologous fat transfer (AFT) survival by assessment of volume change with sequential 3D VECTRA imaging. OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the patterns of graft survival of AFT in the periorbital region, especially in cases involving prior radiotherapy or trauma. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize fat survival following AFT in patients with a broad range of clinical indications, with and without a history of prior radiotherapy, for both periocular and orbital AFT, and in a subgroup of patients with an anophthalmic socket...

OBJECTIVES: Skull morphology and growth patterns are essential for orthodontic treatment, impacting clinical decision making. We aimed to determine the association of different cephalometric skeletal configurations on midface parameters as measured in 3D CT datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After sample size calculation, a total of 240 fully dentulous patients between 20 and 79 years of age (mean age: 42 ± 15), who had received a CT of the skull within the scope of trauma diagnosis or intracranial bleeding, were retrospectively selected...

PURPOSE: Pure and isolated LeFort I, II, and III fractures are rare. Typically, they occur at different levels on each side and may be incomplete in nature, which complicates management. The LeFort I osteotomy is a well-described technique in elective management of midface deformities. However, there is minimal literature on its use in acute trauma. This study describes the use of the LeFort I osteotomy as a surgical maneuver to aid in the reduction of complex midface fractures and the re-establishment of premorbid occlusion...

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this publication is to address the absence of literature detailing respiratory management in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and obstructive sleep apnea during the immediate postoperative interval following LeFort III advancement with placement of distraction hardware but prior to sufficient midface advancement. METHODS: After IRB approval, the investigators retrospectively selected candidates for inclusion in this case series...

PURPOSE: This study aims to demonstrate a correlation between cervical spine injury and location and severity of facial trauma. METHODS: We did a 10-year retrospective analysis of prospectively collected patients with at least one facial and/or cervical spine injury. We classified facial injuries using the Comprehensive Facial Injury (CFI) score, and stratified patients into mild (CFI < 4), moderate (4 ≤ CFI < 10) and severe facial trauma (CFI ≥ 10)...

BACKGROUND: Injuries remain one of the leading causes of death globally. These disproportionately affect young adults and are particularly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Maxillofacial injuries (MI) pose significant challenges to public health systems. However, much remains unknown regarding the epidemiology and extent of the financial burden in resource-limited areas, such as SSA, further necessitating more research and support. This scoping review aims to investigate the mechanism, distribution, and financial impact of MI in adults aged ≥ 18 years in SSA...

BACKGROUND: Cicatricial lower eyelid retraction is a challenging condition. It involves scarring of the lower eyelid, which causes it to retract and expose the sclera. This can lead to complications such as dry eye syndrome and corneal melting. It can be caused by trauma, burns, or previous eyelid surgery. Detailed assessment and understanding of eyelid anatomy and retraction are critical for successful surgical planning. Dynamic and static examinations of the eyelid including measurements of the lower eyelid margin reflex distance (MRD2) and scleral show are also essential to determine the appropriate treatment approach...

BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to assess the incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures and related demographic data in the victims of rollover crashes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was based on medical records of patients who sustained maxillofacial injuries following rollover accidents. Investigated data included age, gender, accident date and time, accident cause, seat belt usage, airbag deployment, road type, anatomical location of the facial fracture, and treatment approach...

BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial fracture cases require detailed diagnosis, planning and timely restoration of the proper function and aesthetics of the traumatized tissues, as well as appropriate physical, psychological and social rehabilitation to achieve the best possible treatment outcome. Oral health related quality of life allows oral healthcare professionals to evaluate the efficacy of treatment protocols from patients' perspectives and allows clinician to address and measure the clinically meaningful changes...

Background : Facial dog bite injuries result in significant emotional, psychological, and physical trauma to the victims involved and should be considered a significant health issue. The purpose of this study is to share our experience in the management and to add to the existing medical literature regarding the epidemiological patterns of facial dog bite injuries. Materials and Methods : This is a single-center retrospective observational study conducted at Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, from January 2021 to January 2022...

BACKGROUND: Although orbital fractures are common, prediction of outcomes in orbital surgery can be quite challenging. PURPOSE: We aim to identify predictors of intraoperative difficulty, operating time, and postoperative examination abnormalities in subjects undergoing post-traumatic orbital reconstructions. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This is a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive orbital operations performed at a private, Level 1 trauma center in Portland, Oregon, USA over an 82-month period...