Taste

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PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate quality of life (QOL) in patients with locally advanced oral cancer who underwent surgical resection followed by simultaneous double free flap reconstruction. METHODS: Institutional database was reviewed from 2015 to 2021 and prospectively collected University of Washington Quality of Life data that were extracted for patients who met the inclusion criteria. Mean, composite, and best percentage scores were computed. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze differences between groups...

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the taste masking of Paracetamol granules in the range of 250 to 850 µm, coated by two nanocomposites prepared from Eudragit® E100, nanozinc oxide, and nanochitosan, respectively, from 1% to 5% by the weight of the granules. Methods In this study, Paracetamol granules were coated in several formulas with two different types of nanocomposites (polymeric and mineral) on two sizes of granules to reduce bitter taste and with the FBC method and pH-sensitive polymers (Eudragit® E100)...

OBJECTIVE: Therapy and vocal rehabilitation in laryngeal cancer impact patients' quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evolution of the quality of life of patients with laryngeal cancer submitted to total laryngectomy and using electrolarynx. METHODS: This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design and a quantitative approach. It was conducted between April 2022 and January 2023 in a Brazilian cancer hospital. For data collection, a quality of life questionnaire, validated for patients with head and neck cancer at the University of Washington, was applied in two phases: from 7 days after total laryngectomy and, subsequently, from 70 days after surgery using electronic larynx for at least 60 days...

Microalgae provide a potential new food resource for sustainable human nutrition. Many microalgae species can produce a high content of total protein with a balanced composition of essential amino acids, healthy oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, fibers, and vitamins. These components can be made available via unprocessed microalgae or refined as individual ingredients. In either case, if added to foods, microalgae may affect taste, smell, texture, and appearance. This review focuses on how consumer acceptance of new foods - such as microalgae - can be accessed in the world of sensory science by bringing together examples from recent consumer surveys...

Currently, approximately 34% of fruit is lost and wasted in emerging economies due to inefficient post-harvest processes, technological shortcomings, lesser valorization of surpluses, and byproducts. Peach ( Prunus persica L.) is a fruit with a good yearly growth rate but higher postharvest losses in Colombia. One way to take advantage of this type of product is through the application of drying processes that increase its shelf life and its inclusion in the food chain. Refractance Window Drying (RWD) is a fourth generation drying technique implemented by the food industry in the last few decades and has been applied to several dehydrated food products...

CsNAC086 was found to promote the expression of CsFLS, thus promoting the accumulation of flavonols in Camellia sinensis. Flavonols, the main flavonoids in tea plants, play an important role in the taste and quality of tea. In this study, a NAC TF gene CsNAC086 was isolated from tea plants and confirmed its regulatory role in the expression of flavonol synthase which is a key gene involved in the biosynthesis of flavonols in tea plant. Yeast transcription-activity assays showed that CsNAC086 has self-activation activity...

Whereas bitterness perception can modify the taste balance of white wines, its molecular origin remains largely unclear. This work aimed at determining the influence of a selection of the most cited bitter compounds on the bitterness of commercial dry white wines. Forty-two wines were sensorially characterized by a trained panel and divided into two statistically different groups depending on their bitterness. Twenty-seven bitter compounds were selected and five quantitation methods were developed and validated...

Peanuts, known for their nutritional value, health benefits, and delicious taste, are susceptible to agricultural chemical contamination, posing a challenge to the peanut industry in China. While tristyrylphenol ethoxylates (TSPEOs) have garnered attention for their widespread use in pesticide formulations, their dissipation and potential risks in peanuts remain a gap in knowledge. This study, unique in its focus on TSPEOs, investigates their dissipation and potential risks under two common application modes: spraying and root irrigation...

AIM: To evaluate the effect of olfactory and/or gustatory stimulation interventions on feeding outcomes in preterm infants. METHODS: We conducted systematic searches across various academic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang Database, and the Wipu Database. These searches aimed to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of olfactory and/or gustatory stimulation on preterm infants...

The role of food additives is to preserve food by extending shelf life and limiting harmful microorganism proliferation. They prevent spoilage by enhancing the taste and safety of food by utilizing beneficial microorganisms and their antimicrobial metabolites. Current advances in food preservation and processing utilize green technology principles for green preservative formulation, enhancing nutrition and supplying essential micronutrients safely, while also improving quality, packaging, and food safety. Encapsulation is gaining attention for its potential to protect delicate materials from oxidative degradation and extend their shelf life, thereby ensuring optimal nutrient uptake...

The perception of bitter and sweet tastes is a crucial aspect of human sensory experience. Concerns over the long-term use of aspartame, a widely used sweetener suspected of carcinogenic risks, highlight the importance of developing new taste modifiers. This study utilizes Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 for predicting molecular taste characteristics, with a focus on the bitter-sweet dichotomy. Employing random and scaffold data splitting strategies, GPT-4 demonstrated superior performance, achieving an impressive 86% accuracy under scaffold partitioning...

The bitter taste of medicines hinders patient compliance, but not everyone experiences these difficulties because people worldwide differ in their bitterness perception. To better understand how people from diverse ancestries perceive medicines and taste modifiers, 338 adults, European and recent US and Canada immigrants from Asia, South Asia, and Africa, rated the bitterness intensity of taste solutions on a 100-point generalized visual analog scale and provided a saliva sample for genotyping. The taste solutions were five medicines, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), moxifloxacin, praziquantel, amodiaquine, and propylthiouracil (PROP), and four other solutions, TAF mixed with sucralose (sweet, reduces bitterness) or 6-methylflavone (tasteless, reduces bitterness), sucralose alone, and sodium chloride alone...

Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products, found across all domains of life. One of the most abundant bacterial terpenoids is the volatile odorant 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), partially responsible for the earthy smell of soil and musty taste of contaminated water. Many bacterial 2-MIB biosynthetic gene clusters were thought to encode a conserved transcription factor, named EshA in the model soil bacterium Streptomyces griseus . Here, we revise the function of EshA, now referred to as Sg Enc, and show that it is a Family 2B encapsulin shell protein...

BACKGROUND: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the end of 2019 caused the global pandemic. Oral and dermatological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) such as xerostomia, aphthous-like lesions, ulcers, tongue depapillation, necrotizing gingivitis, and taste disorders, including the loss of taste and salivary gland infections are being reported. This study aims to describe a case of oral ulcers following COVID-19 infection...

The increased fish consumption by the growing human population in the world translates into an increase in fish waste. The reintroduction of these fish by-products into food and feed chains presents economic benefits and contributes to counteracting their negative environmental impact. Under this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary inclusion of fish hydrolysate and oil obtained from fish waste (experimental diet) in substitution of shrimp hydrolysate and salmon oil (control diet) mainly imported from third countries on palatability, apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics and metabolites, blood fatty acid profile, flatulence, and coat quality of adult dogs...

Condensed tannins are widely present in the fruits and seeds of plants and effectively prevent them from being eaten by animals before maturity due to their astringent taste. In addition, condensed tannins are a natural compound with strong antioxidant properties and significant antibacterial effects. Four samples of mature and near-mature Quercus fabri acorns, with the highest and lowest condensed tannin content, were used for genome-based transcriptome sequencing. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism...

With immunotherapy historically focused on cutaneous melanoma, there has been a new wave of systemic medications available for treating non-melanoma skin cancers including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The immune checkpoint inhibitors approved by the FDA target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. These medications have expanded treatment options; however, side effects are an important consideration. We used the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) to characterize the most prevalent, real-world side effects experienced by patients on these agents...

Terpenes are small hydrocarbon compounds that impart aroma and taste to many plants, including Cannabis sativa. A number of studies have shown that terpenes can produce pain relief in various pain states in both humans and animals. However, these studies were methodologically limited and few established mechanisms of action. In our previous work, we showed that the terpenes geraniol, linalool, β-pinene, α-humulene, and β-caryophyllene produced cannabimimetic behavioral effects via multiple receptor targets...

OBJECTIVE: Dysgeusia is characterized by a loss of taste perception, leading to malnutrition. This situation affects inflammatory conditions such as respiratory and neurological conditions, obesity, cancer, chemotherapy, aging, and many others. To date, there is not much information on the prevalence and risk of dysgeusia in an inflammatory condition; also, it is unclear which flavor is altered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched three databases from January 2018 to January 2023...