weight valproic

Intergenerational transmission of the effects of environmental factors on brain function and behavior can occur through epigenetic mechanisms. Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant drug that, when administered during pregnancy, causes various birth defects. The mechanisms of action are largely unclear: VPA can reduce neuronal excitability, but it also inhibits the histone deacetylases, affecting gene expression. Here we evaluated whether the effects of valproic acid prenatal exposure on autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related behavioral phenotypes can be transmitted to the second generation (F2) through the paternal or the maternal lineage...

INTRODUCTION: Sydenham's chorea (SC), prevalent in developing countries and occasionally affecting developed ones, poses a clinical challenge due to the lack of systematic guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Resulting from Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus infection, SC presents various symptoms. This review aims to collect and evaluate available data on SC management to propose a cohesive treatment plan. METHODS: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials...

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are commonly observed in patients with epilepsy (PWE). Obesity and MetS are not only affecting the physical fitness and quality of life of these patients, rather antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) compliance and seizure control have also been affected. The objective of this review is to search the published literature regarding the prevalence of obesity and MetS in PWE and their relation to the response to AEDs. A comprehensive search using PubMed, Cochrane Databases, and Google Scholar was performed...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which silence information regulator (SIRT) 2 and glutaminase (GLS) in the amygdala regulate social behaviors in autistic rats. METHODS: Rat models of autism were established by maternal sodium valproic acid (VPA) exposure in wild-type rats and SIRT2 -knockout ( SIRT2 -/- ) rats. Glutamate (Glu) content, brain weight, and expression levels of SIRT2, GLS proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins in rat amygdala at different developmental stages were examined, and the social behaviors of VPA rats were assessed by a three-chamber test...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) describes a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Aripiprazole (APZ) is an atypical antipsychotic that can safeguard mice against autism-like behavior induced by valproic acid (VPA). In the present study, we examined the effects of maternal treatment with APZ (10 mg/kg) in juvenile mice prenatally exposed to VPA on neurodevelopmental behaviors, social interactions, communication, and working memory, as well as synaptophysin (SYP), synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 kDa (SNAP-25) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and cell viability in the hippocampus...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impacts of missed phenobarbital (PB) doses on its pharmacokinetics and to investigate the appropriate replacement dosing scheme for various PB missed dose scenarios. METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations were performed using parameters from the selected population pharmacokinetic study. The impacts of missed PB dose and the proper replacement dosing scheme were assessed based on the percent deviation of simulated concentrations outside the reference range from the full adherence scenario...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms and clinical factors with the concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) in adult patients who underwent neurosurgery in China. METHODS: A total of 531 serum concentration samples at steady state were collected from 313 patients to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model. Data analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. Covariates included demographic parameters, biological characteristics, and genetic polymorphism...

Background and Aim: Many studies associated with the combination of machine learning (ML) and pharmacometrics have appeared in recent years. ML can be used as an initial step for fast screening of covariates in population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models. The present study aimed to integrate covariates derived from different popPK models using ML. Methods: Two published popPK models of valproic acid (VPA) in Chinese epileptic patients were used, where the population parameters were influenced by some covariates...

BACKGROUND: In a genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysms (IA), enrichment was found between genes associated with IA and genes encoding targets of effective anti-epileptic drugs. Our aim was to assess if this pleiotropy is driven by shared disease mechanisms that could potentially highlight a treatment strategy for IA. METHODS: Using 2-sample inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization and genetic colocalization analyses we assessed: (1) if epilepsy liability in general affects IA risk, and (2) whether changes in gene- and protein-expression levels of anti-epileptic drug targets in blood and arterial tissue may causally affect IA risk...

Clinical findings show that the use of valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy increases the risk of birth defects and autism spectrum disorder in offspring. Although there is a consensus that monitoring of potential long-term outcomes of VPA exposure is needed, especially in undiagnosed individuals, preclinical studies addressing this issue are rare. The present study examined the effects of continuous intrauterine exposure to a wide dose range of VPA (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) on the physical and behavioral response in peripubertal mice as a rodent model of adolescence...

PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review searching for differences in the side effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) with respect to sex in pediatric patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We carried out a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed database and all results up to April 2020 were included. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of the articles were screened by two independent reviewers. We included all studies evaluating the side effects of ASMs in patients with epilepsy younger than 18 years, with reference to the two sexes...

It is well established that prenatal valproic acid exposure in rats leads to autism-like behaviours and social deficits. Long-term potentiation changes in the brain have been proposed as a potential mechanism in the development of autistic behaviour. However, there are controversies regarding the effect of in utero valproic acid exposure on long-term potentiation. This study examined the social interaction and long-term potentiation induction in perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapses in male offspring of a rat model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid...

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the neuronal sodium voltage-gated channel, alpha subunit 1 (SCN1A) gene have been associated with epilepsy. We investigated the SCN1A-A3184G polymorphism among Egyptian children and adolescents with non-lesional epilepsy. METHODS: A prospective case - control observational study was done in Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt including 326 children with non-lesional epilepsy (163 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) resistant cases & 163 AEDs responders) and 163 healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: Few treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are currently available. A combination of lithium carbonate and valproic acid (VPA-Li) was proved to inhibit motor neuron death and slow down the disease progression. METHODS: Outpatients with typical ALS picture were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of orally administered VPA-Li. Changes in a functional scale score (ALSFRS-R) and survival rate were chosen as primary outcome variables...

PURPOSE: The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid have been evaluated in a variety of populations however, the comparison in two different populations was yet to be reported. This study is aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in Pakistani and South Korean patients. METHOD: The therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data of valproic acid from 92 Pakistani patients with 218 samples was combined with the data of 99 South Korean patients with 335 samples in order to form a pooled dataset of 191 patients with 553 samples...

Although the role of serine racemase (SR) in neuropsychiatric disorders has been extensively studied, its role in cell proliferation and differentiation remains unclear. Deletion of Srr, the encoding gene for SR, has been shown to reduce dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density in the brains of adult mice, whereas increased SR levels have been associated with differentiation in cell cultures. Previously, we demonstrated that valproic acid induces differentiation in the N2A neuroblastoma cell line, and that this differentiation is associated with increased SR expression...

Weight gain is the one of the most important factors which increases global burden of psychiatric disorder. Second-generation antipsychotics, olanzapine (Olz) and valproic acid (Vpa) in particular, are held responsible for weight gain. However, it is still uncertain how these drugs cause this. Thus, the rats selected for the experiment were randomly divided into 3 groups. The 1st group received only 0.5 ml saline solution intraperitoneally (n = 20, control group); the second group was given 200 mg / kg Vpa intraperitoneally (n = 20, Vpa group) and 2 mg / kg Olz was given intraperitoneally to the 3rd group (n = 20, Olz group) between 8 and 10 am for 30 days...

Objective: Despite the potential role of valproic acid (VPA) in weight gain, the effects of VPA therapy on lipid profiles remain unclear. This study aimed to review the influence of VPA therapy on serum lipid profiles in children with epilepsy. Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted on data from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Case-controlled studies, which assessed the effects of VPA therapy on lipid profiles, were included. All outcomes were recorded as continuous variables, and the effect size was measured...

Accumulating evidence indicates the role of endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) in many pathological conditions. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has potential for the treatment of many diseases/abnormalities. Using a mouse BPA exposure model, this study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of the Food and Drug Administration-approved HDAC2 inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) against BPA-induced liver pathology. We randomly divided 30 adult male Swiss albino mice (8 weeks old; N = 6) into five groups: group 1, no treatment (sham control (SC)); group 2, only oral sterile corn oil (vehicle control (VC)); group 3, 4 mg/kg/day of oral BPA (single dose (BPA group)); group 4, 0...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impacts of missed phenobarbital (PB) doses on its pharmacokinetics and to investigate the appropriate replacement dosing scheme for various PB missed dose scenarios. METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations were performed using parameters from the selected population pharmacokinetic study. The impacts of missed PB dose and the proper replacement dosing scheme were assessed based on the percent deviation of simulated concentrations outside the reference range from the full adherence scenario...