weight valproic

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms and valproic acid (VPA) concentration to dose ratio in children with epilepsy on VPA monotherapy. METHODS: A total of 137 children, aged 3.5-18 years, (89 males and 48 females) with epilepsy on sustained-release VPA monotherapy were enrolled. Trough plasma concentrations of VPA at steady-state were measured using an AXSYM automatic immunity analyzer. The values were divided by body weight and total daily dose to calculate concentration to dose ratio of VPA (CDRV)...

Valproic acid is an effective, frequently used anticonvulsant drug. Typical adverse effects include weight gain, hair loss, and nausea. Hyperpigmentation, onycholysis, and onychomadesis are nail changes that can be seen after valproic acid use. Changes occur at the distal and proximal portions of the nail bed in onycholysis and onychomadesis, respectively. Onychomadesis is a very rare disease of childhood with the exception of systemic and genetic diseases. Here, we present a child aged 23 months, the youngest and the earliest isolated patient with onychomadesis, which occurred after valproic acid treatment and worried the family but resolved spontaneously...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is known as an epidemic worldwide because of consumption of westernized high-fat diets and one of the major risk factors of hypertension. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) control gene expression by regulating histone/non-histone protein deacetylation. HDAC inhibitors exert anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects and play a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we tested the effect of an FDA-approved pan-HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hypertension in mice...

BACKGROUND: Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug, used for focal and generalized seizure. VPA treatment resulted in significant weight gain but there are no systematic data about the prevalence of this side effect. The aim of the study is to evaluate the weight gain of a paediatric population with epilepsy. METHODS: We enrolled 38 patients, 17 female and 21 male with a mean age of 8.2±4.4 years. We evaluated data about height, weight and BMI at beginning of treatment and at 24, 36 and 48 months of follow-up...

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: The ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet for patients with refractory epilepsy. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of the KD and other dietary therapies on the concentrations of anticonvulsants in patients with epilepsy. METHODS: Patients with epilepsy who were treated with the KD and other dietary therapies for more than 30 days with at least one measurement performed both before and during the diet were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: Valproic acid (VPA) has been widely used in Chinese patients after craniotomy. Many studies have focused on the influencing factors of VPA serum concentration, but conclusions are sometimes paradoxical. Furthermore, the concentration of VPA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been rarely reported. In the present study, VPA CSF concentrations were measured, and the potential factors influencing serum concentration and CSF distribution of VPA were investigated. In addition, the functional relationship between serum and CSF concentration was explored...

BACKGROUND: Valproic acid (VPA) is used as a first-line antiepileptic agent and is undergoing clinical trials for use as a treatment for many disorders. Mothers undergoing VPA treatment during early pregnancy reportedly show increased rates of autism among their offspring. The benefits of curcumin supplementation were investigated using an animal model of VPA-induced autism. METHODS: The study was performed using a rodent model of autism by exposing rat fetuses to valproic acid (VPA) on the 12...

PURPOSE: This study characterized the population pharmacokinetic properties of valproic acid in patients with mania and determined potential factors that affect the pharmacokinetic properties of valproic acid in this population. METHODS: Routine therapeutic drug monitoring of valproic acid concentrations, demographic data, and concomitant medications from 206 hospitalized patients with mania were retrospectively collected from Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry and Srithanya Hospital, Thailand...

Primary generalized tonic clonic seizures (pGTCS) are still linked to major concerns for the clinic and hazards for patients suffering from idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), so a quick search of the most effective and appropriate therapy is needed to control them. The key criteria for proper treatment are syndromic diagnosis and distinction between newly diagnosed and refractory patients. Other criteria include age, gender and comorbidities. Areas covered: Treatment for pGTCS has expanded in the last two years, with new antiepileptic drugs like perampanel joining valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, topiramate, while further evidence-based data are required for zonisamide and lacosamide...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term effects of carbamazepine (CBZ), valproic acid (VPA), and lamotrigine (LTG) as monotherapy on the markers of vascular risk. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Neurology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan, from 2012 to 2013. We selected 120 adult patients with epilepsy and 40 control subjects. The patients with epilepsy were divided into 3 groups according to the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (CBZ, n = 40; VPA, n = 40; and LTG, n = 40)...

BACKGROUND Adenomyosis, defined as the invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium, is a common gynecological disorder. In the present study we report on the effect of leonurine on ICR mice with adenomyosis induced by neonatal tamoxifen. MATERIAL AND METHODS After being treated with tamoxifen for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, we assessed body weight and pain modulation in mice in hotplate tests. The mice were divided into 5 groups: a low-dose leonurine treatment group, a high-dose leonurine treatment group, a valproic acid (VPA) treatment group, a vehicle only treatment group, and a blank control group...

PURPOSE: Excessive weight gain associated with sodium valproate (VPA) may predispose patients with epilepsy to other health problems such as insulin resistance. We prospectively evaluated the long-term impact of VPA monotherapy compared with lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in women with epilepsy. Our primary objective is to understand the underlying mechanism responsible for VPA-induced obesity. METHODS: Sixty-six female patients with newly diagnosed or untreated epilepsy were included in the study...

Approximately 60-80% of girls with Rett Syndrome (RTT) have epilepsy, which represents one of the most severe problems clinicians have to deal with, especially when patients are 7-12years old. The aim of this study was to analyze the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) prescribed in RTT, and to assess their effectiveness and tolerability in different age groups from early infancy to adulthood. We included in this study 104 girls, aged 2-42years (mean age 13.9years): 89 had a mutation in MECP2, 5 in CDKL5, 2 in FOXG1, and the mutational status was unknown in the remaining 8...

BACKGROUND: Viral myocarditis, which is often caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), is a serious clinical disorder characterized by excessive myocardial inflammation. Valproic acid (VPA) is described as a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammatory diseases. However, the role and the detailed mechanism of VPA in viral myocarditis remain unclear. METHODS: Experimental CVB3-induced myocarditis was induced in mice by intraperitoneally (i...

Valproic acid (VPA) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder. VPA is also used off-label to treat other conditions in psychiatry such as impulse control disorders, major depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although VPA is mostly well-tolerated, common adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), neurological symptoms (sedation, ataxia, tremor), weight gain, and alopecia...

OBJECTIVE: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition causing neuronal loss. A key challenge in treatment of SCI is how to retain neurons after injury. Valproic acid (VPA) is a drug recently has been appreciated for its neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties in various SCI models. In this study the role of VPA was assessed in organotypic spinal cord slice culture following the contusion. DESIGN: The lumbar enlargement of adult rat was cut transversely and slices were cultured...

The Georgia Bureau of Investigation utilized a silylation method of analysis for low molecular weight carboxylic acids in the past. Due to the negative impact such derivatizations can have on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) systems an alternative means of analysis was investigated. The described method is a whole blood solid phase extraction of valproic acid, salicylic acid and ibuprofen utilizing butylation for sensitivity and improved chromatography by GC-MS. The method produced a limit of detection and limit of quantitation at 1 mg/L for valproic acid, 2 mg/L for salicylic acid and 0...

Bleomycin is one of the anticancer agents used frequently in management of various types of tumors. Pulmonary fibrosis is the major limiting factor for the use of bleomycin. Mechanisms of fibrosis may include disordered wound healing, infiltration with inflammatory cells and fibroblasts and release of reactive oxygen species and growth factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of valproic acid and butyrate on lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin, and to clarify their mechanisms of action. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 equal groups as follows: control group; bleomycin group; bleomycin+valproic acid group; bleomycin+butyrate group and bleomycin+valproic acid+butyrate group...

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that display complicated behavioral symptoms. METHODS: Using gene expressing profiling and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we studied genes coregulated by similar factors such as genetic variants or environmental effects in the hippocampus in an animal model of autism. RESULTS: From microarray data, we identified 21,388 robustly expressed genes of which 721 genes were found to be differently expressed in the valproic acid-treated group compared to the control group...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as valproic acid (VPA) are known to affect body weight, and lipid profile. However, evidences regarding effects of AEDs on the body composition are deficient. This cross-sectional study compared the body composition and lipid profile among patients with epilepsy on newer and conventional AEDs. METHODS: The patients with epilepsy (n=109) on treatment with conventional and newer AEDs (levetiracetam, lamotrigine and clobazam) for > 6 months were enrolled...