Schizophrenia and sleep

Decreased sleep spindle activity in individuals with psychotic disorders is well studied, but its contribution to psychotic symptom formation is not well understood. This study explored potential underlying mechanisms explaining the association between decreased sleep spindle activity and psychotic symptoms. To this end, we analysed the links between sleep spindle activity and psychotic experiences and probed for the mediating roles of attentional performance and perceptual distortions in a community sample of young adults (N = 70; 26...

Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are serious psychiatric conditions that cause a significant reduction in quality of life and shortened life expectancy. Treatments including medications and psychosocial support exist, but many people with these disorders still struggle to participate in society and some are resistant to current therapies. Although the exact pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia remains unclear, increasing evidence supports the role of oxidative stress and redox dysregulation as underlying mechanisms...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting over 2% of the pre-school children population, includes an important fraction of the conditions accounting for the heterogeneity of autism. The disease was discovered 75 years ago, and the present review, based on critical evaluations of the recognized ASD studies from the beginning of 1990, has been further developed by the comparative analyses of the research and clinical reports, which have grown progressively in recent years up to late 2023. The tools necessary for the identification of the ASD disease and its related clinical pathologies are genetic and epigenetic mutations affected by the specific interaction with transcription factors and chromatin remodeling processes occurring within specific complexes of brain neurons...

The use of privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry is an effective way to accelerate the drug discovery process, especially at the hit/lead optimization stage. 2-Phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (PCPMA) is a less commonly used chemical scaffold in medicinal chemistry, but many PCPMA-containing compounds exert therapeutic effects for various diseases, in particular central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as depression, schizophrenia, sleep disorder, and Parkinson's disease. The backbone of the PCPMA scaffold enables a unique structure of an amino group linked to a benzene ring through an alkyl linker, making it a useful template for the design of bioactive compounds especially for CNS drug targets including aminergic GPCRs and transporters...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been important for characterizing the genetic component and enhancing our understanding of the biological aetiology of both neuropsychiatric disorders and sleep-related phenotypes such as chronotype, which is our preference for morning or evening time. Mendelian randomization (MR) is a post-GWAS analysis that is used to infer causal relationships between potential risk factors and outcomes. MR uses genetic variants as instrumental variants for exposures to study the effect on outcomes...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the development of major mental disorders in patients visiting a university hospital. METHODS: The study participants were patients with COVID-19 (n=5,006) and those without COVID-19 (n=367,162) registered in the database of Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital and standardized with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data on major mental disorders that developed in both groups over the 5-year follow-up period were extracted using the FeederNet computer program...

Modulators of orexin receptors are being developed for neurological illnesses such as sleep disorders, addictive behaviours and other psychiatric diseases. We herein describe the discovery of CVN766, a potent orexin 1 receptor antagonist that has greater than 1000-fold selectivity for the orexin 1 receptor over the orexin 2 receptor and demonstrates low off target hits in a diversity screen. In agreement with its in vitro ADME data, CVN766 demonstrated moderate in vivo clearance in rodents and displayed good brain permeability and target occupancy...

Hallucinations can be caused by biological, psychological, neurological, ophthalmological, and environmental factors. This article discusses a selection of the various conditions that can present with visual disturbances and hallucinations including schizophrenia, HIV, neurosyphilis, hyperammonemia, migraine, substance use, brain tumors, sleep disturbances, thyroid disorders, delirium, ophthalmologic conditions, and Lewy body dementia, providing an overview of the differential diagnosis of visual hallucinations...

OBJECTIVE: Traditional observational research has suggested a connection between socioeconomic position, mental health, and sleep apnea (SA), but the specifics of this connection are still unclear. Using the Mendelian randomization approach, we intended to evaluate the potential causal link between mental health, socioeconomic status, and SA. METHODS: Our research employed summary statistics data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on mental health, socioeconomic status, and SA...

OBJECTIVE: Poor sleep quality is common in patients with schizophrenia but estimated prevalence rates in this population have been mixed. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence of poor sleep quality in schizophrenia samples and moderators of prevalence from epidemiological studies as well as the risk of poor sleep quality in schizophrenia patients based on case-control studies. METHODS: Both international (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE) and Chinese databases [Chinese Nation knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG] were systematically searched...

BACKGROUND: Multiple facets of sleep neurophysiology, including electroencephalography (EEG) metrics such as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) spindles and slow oscillations (SO), are altered in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, beyond group-level analyses which treat all patients as a unitary set, the extent to which NREM deficits vary among patients is unclear, as are their relationships to other sources of heterogeneity including clinical factors, illness duration and ageing, cognitive profiles and medication regimens...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the community prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adult population and describe the prevalence by age, men-women, urban-rural strata. METHODS: A nationwide household survey was conducted in 2019 where adults aged 18 years and above were selected by a multicentric, stratified, systematic random approach. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was used for screening purpose and screened positive individuals were interviewed by research psychiatrists and diagnosed according the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria...

Objective: To assess the quality of sleep among patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 100 outpatients with schizophrenia recruited from a tertiary care center in Northern India from July 2022 to December 2022. Eligible participants were required to complete a demographic form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The severity of psychosis was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: The mean age of the participants was 38...

Antipsychotics are the mainstay for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; however, these agents are associated with an extensive side effect profile that may complicate treatment outcomes. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman with a history of schizoaffective disorder and five prior psychiatric hospitalizations. The patient first presented to the hospital for disorganized behavior, in addition to poor sleep, auditory hallucinations, and racing thoughts in the context of medication nonadherence...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Narcolepsy is a central hypersomnia disorder, and differential diagnoses between its subtypes can be difficult. Hence, we applied machine learning to analyze the positron emission tomography (PET) data of patients with type 1 or type 2 narcolepsy, and patients with type 1 narcolepsy and comorbid schizophrenia, to construct predictive models to facilitate the diagnosis. METHODS: This is a retrospective and prospective case-control study of adolescent and young adult patients with type 1 or type 2 narcolepsy, and type 1 narcolepsy and comorbid schizophrenia...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the burden of narcolepsy in terms of direct medical costs and comorbidities and compare it with the respective burden of schizophrenia, epilepsy, and ulcerative colitis as controls. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with narcolepsy (at least once based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, code G47.4) between April 2017 and March 2022 were identified on the health insurance claims database compiled by JMDC Inc...

Sexual hallucinations are little known, yet often extremely burdening, phenomena. In this systematic review, we summarize what is known about their phenomenology, prevalence, etiopathology, ensuing distress, and treatment options. Sexual hallucinations can be experienced as genital or orgasmic sensations, although other sensory modalities can also be involved. With the notable exception of orgasmic auras in the context of epilepsy, sexual hallucinations tend to be distressing and embarrassing in nature. Our analysis of 79 studies (together describing 390 patients) indicates that sexual hallucinations are more frequent in women than in men, with a sex ratio of 1...

The boundaries between waking and sleeping-when falling asleep (hypnagogic) or waking up (hypnopompic)-can be challenging for our ability to monitor and interpret reality. Without proper understanding, bizarre but relatively normal hypnagogic/hypnopompic experiences can be misinterpreted as psychotic hallucinations (occurring, by definition, in the fully awake state), potentially leading to stigma and misdiagnosis in clinical contexts and to misconception and bias in research contexts. This Perspective proposes that conceptual and practical understanding for differentiating hallucinations from hypnagogic/hypnopompic experiences may be offered by lucid dreaming, the state in which one is aware of dreaming while sleeping...

BACKGROUND: People with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) have three-fold higher rates of comorbid insomnia than the general population, which has downstream effects on cognitive, mental, and physical health. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-i) is a safe and effective first-line treatment for insomnia, though the therapy's effectiveness relies on completing nightly sleep diaries which can be challenging for some people with SMI and comorbid cognitive deficits. Supportive technologies such as mobile applications and sleep sensors may aid with completing sleep diaries...

Belly dancer's dyskinesia (BDD) is an unusual neurological disorder characterized by focal dyskinesia that results in involuntary, rhythmic movements of the anterior abdominal wall. This case report comprehensively examines the presentation, potential medication-induced etiology, and therapeutic response of a 64-year-old male diagnosed with schizophrenia. The patient developed BDD-like symptoms resembling hiccups, experiencing recurrent episodes that endured for hours and occurred nearly daily, significantly affecting wakefulness and sleep...