Striae terminalis

Immunohistochemical detection of the protein, Fos, was used to identify neurons in the brain activated following a volume load in conscious rabbits with doxorubicin-induced congestive cardiomyopathy. The plasma expander, Haemaccel, was infused intravenously into rabbits for 60 min and significantly increased right atrial pressure, blood pressure and heart rate. The rabbits were perfusion fixed 90 min after the start of the infusion and the distribution of Fos-positive cell nuclei was examined. Compared to control rabbits with heart failure, there was a small significant increase in the number of Fos-positive cell nuclei in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis following volume expansion...

The distribution of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate binding sites was studied in coronal and sagittal sections through the brain of adult Japanese quail by quantitative autoradiography, using tritiated 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione as a radioligand. Saturation binding experiments were, in addition, carried out in areas showing high levels of binding (cerebellar molecular layer, nucleus anterior medialis and nucleus infundibularis) and demonstrated that the binding of tritiated ligand was specific and saturable...

A partial estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) cDNA was isolated from testicular quail RNA by RT-PCR with degenerate primers specific to the rat ER-beta sequence. A high expression of ER-beta was demonstrated by RT-PCR in the telencephalon, diencephalon, pituitary, testis and kidneys of male quail but little or no expression was detected in the cerebellum, pectoral muscle and adrenal gland. In situ hybridization with a 35S-labelled oligoprobe in sections through the preoptic area-rostral hypothalamus identified high expression in the medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus striae terminalis and nucleus taeniae...

Central testosterone aromatization is required for the activation of both appetitive (ASB) and consummatory (CSB) male sexual behavior in Japanese quail. There are two major clusters of aromatase immunoreactive (ARO-ir) cells in the rostral forebrain; these outline the nucleus preopticus medialis (POM) and the nucleus striae terminalis (BST). We investigated the role of these nuclei in the regulation of ASB and CSB. Appetitive male sexual behavior was measured with the use of a learned social proximity procedure that quantified the time spent by a male in front of a window with a view of a female who was subsequently released into the cage, providing an opportunity for CSB...

We mapped cells immunoreactive (ir) for the protein encoded by the immediate early gene zenk in the brains of male Japanese quail after they engaged in either appetitive or consummatory sexual behavior (i.e. copulation). Castrated males treated with testosterone were either allowed to copulate with a female or exhibited a learned social proximity response indicative of appetitive sexual behavior, and were compared with control males in their home cage or in the experimental chamber but not exhibiting the proximity response...

In the male quail forebrain, aromatase-immunoreactive (ARO-ir) elements are clustered within the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus (POM), nucleus striae terminalis (nST), nucleus accumbens (nAc), and ventromedial and tuberal hypothalamus. These ARO-ir cells are sensitive to testosterone and its metabolites: Their number and size increase after exposure to these steroids. The POM and lateral septum are also characterized by a dense vasotocinergic innervation that is also sensitive to testosterone. We analyzed here the anatomical relationships between ARO-ir elements and VT-ir fibers in the quail prosencephalon...

In the quail brain, aromatase-immunoreactive (ARO-ir) neurons located in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) and caudal paleostriatum ventrale/nucleus accumbens/nucleus striae terminalis complex (PVT/nAc/nST) receive catecholaminergic inputs identified by the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) fibers and punctate structures. The origin of these inputs was analyzed by retrograde tracing with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) or red latex fluospheres (RLF) combined with TH immunocytochemistry. CTB and RLF injected in the POM or PVT/nAc/nST were found in cells located in anatomically discrete areas in the telencephalon (hippocampus, septum, archistriatum), hypothalamus (many areas in periventricular position), thalamus, mesencephalon, and pons...

It has been demonstrated using Fos immunocytochemistry that copulation activates specific cell populations in the mammalian brain. Prior to this study, no similar work has been carried out in birds. In mammals, Fos has identified brain circuits activated by genital (penile)/somatosensory and by olfactory/vomeronasal stimuli. Such inputs, of course, should play little or no role in birds (no penis, little or no role for olfaction) and a differential responsiveness could therefore be expected. Male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were allowed to interact freely with adult females and the presence of active sexual behavior, including cloacal contact movements, was confirmed in each case...

The development of the central nervous alpha2-adrenergic system in the duck was studied by semiquantitative autoradiography at the ontogenetic stages embryonic days 20 (E20) and 27 (E27) and postnatal days 3 (P3) and 14 (P14) by using the monoradioiodinated alpha2-agonist clonidine ([125I]CLO) as radioligand. All structures endowed with alpha2-adrenoceptors in the adult animal were specifically labeled with [125I]CLO by E20. A detailed analysis of the binding capacity for [125I]CLO was performed for parts of several functional systems: hypothalamic structures (nucleus inferior hypothalami, nucleus magnocellularis preopticus, nucleus paraventricularis), limbic system (habenula, nucleus septalis lateralis, nucleus striae terminalis), circumventricular organs (organum pineale, organum subfornicale, plexus choroidei ventriculi tertii and ventriculi lateralis), visual system (hyperstriatum accessorium, nucleus reticularis superior, tectum opticum), and associative cortex (hyperstriatum ventrale)...

More than 400 publications per year deal with the Nucleus accumbens, however its morphological substrate and anatomical borders appear arbitrary. With a modified Nissi-technique applied to complete sets of thick serial, frontoparallel sections, it became possible to characterize the human Nucleus accumbens. In two series a clear delineation of its borders is documented. Along its rostro-caudal axis, the Nucleus accumbens shows morphological differences: the rostral Nucleus accumbens exhibits a higher cell-density and basophilia than Nucleus caudatus and Putamen; in caudal planes, the Nucleus accumbens dissolves into cell-clusters...

Autoradiographic mapping criteria were employed to identify and localize specific high affinity binding sites (receptors) for the steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) in the brain of Anolis carolinensis. In female and male lizards binding of tritiated 1,25-D3 occurred in identical regions of the fore-, mid-, and hindbrain, similar to findings in other species. There was a band of intensely labeled neurons forming a continuum from the n. accumbens, n. striae terminalis, the striatum, and extending into the amygdala...

This study applied immunohistochemistry method to examine the pattern of c-fos expression in the neuraxis following peripheral noxious thermal stimulation accomplished by immersion of tail of awake rat into hot water (50 degrees C). In unstimulated control rats, no obvious baseline expression of c-fos protein was found except in nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami and colliculus inferior, probably associated with restraint-induced stress and auditory stimulus, respectively. Noxious thermal stimulation resulted in the activation of c-fos expression, and bilateral increased nuclear immunostaining was counted in dorsal horn of lumbar and sacral segments of spinal cord (laminae I, II), nucleus raphe dorsalis, substantia grisea centralis (ventralis), nucleus paraventricularis thalami, nucleus anterior thalami, nucleus ventralis thalami, nucleus medialis thalami, nucleus reuniens, nucleus rhomboideus, nucleus habenulae lateralis, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus, nucleus lateralis hypothalami, nucleus preopticus lateralis, nucleus septi lateralis, nucleus amygdala, nucleus striae terminalis, nucleus tractus diagonalis, and cortex cerebri...

We took the unit discharges of the neurons in the posterior group of thalamic nuclei (PO) caused by stimulating the great splanchnic nerve (GSN) as an indicator of visceral pain. We searched for the effects of electrical stimulating central nucleus of amygdala (AC), lateral nucleus of amygdala (AL), bed nucleus of striae terminalis (BNST) and lateral area of hypothalmus (AHL) on unit discharges of PO and the relationship among these nucleuses. The result indicated that the inhibitory effects were strongest with stimulating AC, the next was with stimulating AHL, then BNST and AL...

Five h after injection of tritiated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 into Trachemys scripta, neurons with nuclear concentrations of radioactivity were identified in distinct regions within the central nervous system. Coinjection of a 100-fold excess of non-labeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 abolished or reduced the specific nuclear binding of tracer. Target neurons were present in ventral periventricular brain regions including tuberculum olfactorium, nucleus accumbens, cortex piriformis, primordium hippocampi, nucleus striae terminalis, dorsal ventricular ridge, amygdala, nucleus infundibularis and tectum opticum...

The distribution of cells and fibres containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) was investigated in the brain of Japanese quail focussing on the centers involved in reproductive activities. SP-immunoreactive (ir) structures were chiefly present within the ventral telencephalic regions, the periventricular hypothalamus and the dorsal aspects of thalamus. VIP immunopositive structures were rarely associated with recognizable nuclei and they were observed in the organum septi laterale (LSO), the lobus paraolfactorius (LPO), the eminentia mediana (ME), the nucleus striae terminalis (nST) and the area ventralis of Tsai (AVT)...

The noradrenaline concentration and the alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (alpha-MPT)-induced disappearance of noradrenaline were determined in several nuclei of the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata of renal hypertensive rats (two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension). A decreased alpha-MPT-induced disappearance of noradrenaline was found in the nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis and the nucleus paraventricularis 3 days after renal artery constriction, when blood pressure was slightly, but significantly higher than that of sham operated rats...

A single dose of 0.5 micrograms beta-endorphin injected intraventricularly in unanesthetized male rats bearing chronic intraventricular and intrajugular cannulas led to a sevenfold stimulation of plasma prolactin (PRL) levels 10 to 20 min after injection of the peptide, while a dose of 2 micrograms of beta-endorphin led to a comparable stimulation of plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration. Met-Enkephalin was much less potent than beta-endorphin in stimulating PRL and GH release. Naloxone, a specific opiate antagonist, completely blocked the stimulation of GH and PRL release at the doses of 0...

A combined formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF)-autoradiography procedure was used to determine how and where the androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), is associated with catecholamine systems in the rat brain. With this dual localization method, (3H)-DHT target sites can be visualized in relation to catecholamine perikarya and terminals. In the hindbrain, catecholamine neurons adjacent to the fourth ventricle (group A4), the nucleus (n.) olivaris superior (group A5), the n. parabranchialis medialis (group A7), and in the locus coeruleus (group A6) and subcoeruleal regions, as well as in the substantia grisea centralis, concentrate (3H)-DHT in their nuclei...

We investigated the effects of chronic estrogen treatment in ovariectomized rats on the concentration of dopamine in 33 discrete brain nuclei. In order to assess estrogen's influence on dopamine turnover, some of the rats were administered alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Estrogen treatment reduced the concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens septi, striatum, median eminence, nucleus anterior hypothalami, nucleus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus arcuate IV-V, area ventralis tegmenti, interpeduncular nucleus and nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis...

The nuclear uptake and retention of [3H]testosterone or one of its metabolites was examined in the Rockland-Swiss (R-S) mouse. Castrated male and female mice were injected with 0.2 microgram of testosterone [1,2,6,7-3H(N)] per 100 g body weight and killed 1.5 h later. The brains were removed and processed for autoradiography. A nuclear localization of [3H]testosterone or one of its metabolites was found in the nucleus (n.) interstitialis striae terminalis and the n. amygdaloideus medialis. This localization is very different from that reported in another strain of mouse after the injection of [3H]dihydrotestosterone...