Early normal puberty

The gut microbiome is implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and prenatal androgen exposure is involved in the development of PCOS in later life. Our previous study of a mouse model of PCOS induced by prenatal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exposure showed that the reproductive phenotype of PCOS appears from puberty, followed by the appearance of the metabolic phenotype after young adulthood, while changes in the gut microbiota was already apparent before puberty. To determine whether the prenatal or postnatal nurturing environment primarily contributes to these changes that characterize prenatally androgenized (PNA) offspring, we used a cross-fostering model to evaluate the effects of changes in the postnatal early-life environment of PNA offspring on the development of PCOS-like phenotypes and alterations in the gut microbiota in later life...

The pleomorphic adenoma gene (PLAG1) encodes a DNA-binding, C2H2 zinc finger protein which acts as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of diverse genes across different organs and tissues; hence, the name pleomorphic. Rearrangements of the PLAG1 gene, and/or overexpression, are associated with benign tumors and cancers in a variety of tissues. This is best described for pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands in humans. The most notable expression of PLAG1 occurs during embryonic and fetal development, with lesser expression after birth...

AIM: Hormone replacement therapy with testosterone for pubertal induction in boys with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) achieves virilization but not spermatogenesis. By contrast, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) provides both virilization and spermatogenesis. Fertility outcomes of boys treated with recombinant therapy during adolescence have been infrequently described. We report fertility induction and pregnancy outcomes in CHH patients treated with recombinant gonadotropins during puberty...

BACKGROUND: Overnutrition in early life increases the risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. We investigated the effects and the window period of a curcumin (CUR) diet on postnatal overfed rats. METHODS: Male rats aged 3 days were randomly divided into normal litters (NL, 10 pups/litter) and small litters (SL, 3 pups/litter). After weaning (Week 3, W3), NL rats were fed a normal diet (NL) and SL rats were fed a normal diet (SL) or 2% CUR diet from weaning (W3) (SL-CURW13 ), beginning of puberty (W6) (SL-CURW16 ), or end of puberty (W8) (SL-CURW18 ) for 10 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Precocious puberty (PP) involves early activation of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) generator. The RFamide-related peptide/G protein-coupled receptor 147 ( RFRP3/GPR147 ) signaling pathway is vital in inhibiting GnRH and delaying puberty onset. The nourishing Yin-removing fire (NYRF) herbal mixture has shown promising results in treating PP. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the impact of the NYRF herbal mixture on the RFRP3/GPR147 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus and its potential in alleviating PP in female rats...

BACKGROUND: Despite being a common condition in puberty, only 5-10% of pubertal gynecomastia need surgical treatment. Here the authors present their experiences with infra-areolar subcutaneous mastectomy in the surgical treatment of adolescent gynecomastia. METHODS: The records of patients who underwent infra-areolar subcutaneous mastectomy for adolescent gynecomastia between January 2004 and December 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' demographic data, complaints and clinical presentation, physical examination, laboratory and radiological findings, surgical management, and postoperative follow-ups were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: The evidence on the relationship between adiposity and disease outcomes in paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) is limited and lacks consensus. AIM: To investigate the relationship between (a) body mass index (BMI) and clinical CD outcomes (hospitalisation, surgery, disease behaviour, biologic use, extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs)) and (b) the age of CD onset with clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Clinical outcomes were examined in CD patients diagnosed at age <17 years and enroled in the National Institute for Health Research IBD-UK BioResource at a median age of 24 years...

There are 3 physiological waves of central hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activity over the lifetime. The first occurs during fetal life, the second-termed "mini-puberty"-in the first months after birth, and the third at puberty. After adolescence, the axis remains active all through adulthood. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion or action. In cases of severe CHH, all 3 waves of GnRH pulsatility are absent...

Pathogenic variants in SCN8A are associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum, including Self-Limiting Familial Infantile Epilepsy (SeLFIE), characterized by infancy-onset age-related seizures with normal development and cognition. Movement disorders, particularly paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia typically arising after puberty, may represent another core symptom. We present the case of a 1-year-old girl with a familial disposition to self-limiting focal seizures from the maternal side and early-onset orofacial movement disorders associated with SCN8A-SeLFIE...

BACKGROUND: Gender clinic and single-item questionnaire-based data report increased co-occurrence of gender diversity and neurodevelopmental conditions. The nuances of these associations are under-studied. We used a transdiagnostic approach, combining categorical and dimensional characterization of neurodiversity, to further the understanding of its associations with gender diversity in identity and expression in children. METHODS: Data from 291 children (Autism N = 104, ADHD N = 104, Autism + ADHD N = 17, neurotypical N = 66) aged 4-12 years enrolled in the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Network were analyzed...

PURPOSE: 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD) constitutes a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), typically accounting for ~5-8% of CAH cases. Non-classical 11β-OHD is reported even more rarely and frequently results in misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis due to its mild clinical symptoms. METHODS: A clinical, biochemical, radiological, and genetic study was conducted on a 9-year-old girl presenting with mild breast development, axillary hair growth, and advanced bone age...

Adequate sleep is essential for healthy development in childhood and adolescence. Healthy sleep contributes to good physical health, immune function, mental health, and academic performance. The regulation and architecture of sleep change greatly across childhood and adolescence, and the ability to obtain sufficient sleep is impacted by a range of factors that change with maturation. This article describes normal sleep across childhood and adolescence and discusses some of the most common barriers to adequate sleep, including early school start times, technology use, and changes to circadian rhythms, and sleep homeostasis across puberty...

Early puberty poses a significant challenge for male Atlantic salmon in aquaculture due to its negative impact on growth and welfare. The regulation of puberty in vertebrates involves two key reproductive hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and their gonadal receptors. In male mice lacking FSH receptor, testes size is reduced, but fertility is maintained, while medaka and zebrafish with a disrupted fshr gene exhibit near normal testis size and fertility. In these fishes both Fsh and Lh are present during puberty and Lh may rescue fertility, while in salmonid fish only Fsh is present in the circulation during puberty...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital central hypothyroidism occurs either in isolation or in conjunction with other pituitary hormone deficits. Loss of function mutations in the immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1 (IGSF1) gene causes X-linked central hypothyroidism and represent the most common genetic cause of central hypothyroidism. In addition to central hypothyroidism, some patients with IGSF1 deficiency have hypoprolactinemia, transient and partial growth hormone deficiency, early/normal timing of testicular enlargement but delayed testosterone rise in puberty, and adult macro-orchidism...

BACKGROUND: It is now well known that visfatin is expressed in the testis and ovary of various animals. Visfatin is known to regulate gonadal functions such as steroidogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in the ovary and testis of mice. Recently, we have shown that visfatin has an inhibitory role in the infantile mice testis. It has also been shown that visfatin stimulates testicular steroidogenesis in adult rats. However, the role of visfatin during puberty has not been investigated in relation to the above-mentioned process...

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disorder, which typically occurs during puberty or early adulthood. The pathogenesis of HS is complex and multifactorial; a close interaction between hormonal, genetic, epigenetics factors, host-specific aspects, and environmental influences contributes to the susceptibility, onset, severity, and clinical course of this disease, although the exact molecular mechanisms are still being explored. Epigenetics is currently emerging as an interesting field of investigation that could potentially shed light on the molecular intricacies underlying HS, but there is much still to uncover on the subject...

BACKGROUND: Turner syndrome (TS) is a common chromosomal abnormality, which is caused by loss of all or part of one X chromosome. Hormone replacement therapy in TS is important in terms of puberty, growth and prevention of osteoporosis however, such a study has never been conducted in Korea. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine relationship between the starting age, duration of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in TS and develop a hormone replacement protocol suitable for the situation in Korea...

CONTEXT: Adrenarche marks the timepoint of human adrenal development when the cortex starts secreting androgens in increasing amounts, in healthy children at age 8-9 years, with premature adrenarche (PA) earlier. Because the molecular regulation and significance of adrenarche are unknown, this prepubertal event is characterized descriptively, and PA is a diagnosis by exclusion with unclear consequences at long-term. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We searched the literature of the past five years including original articles, reviews, and meta-analyses from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus, using search terms "adrenarche", "pubarche", "DHEAS", "steroidogenesis", "adrenal", and "zona reticularis"...

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) broodstock recruits are normally fed a specialized diet with a higher content of essential nutrients for a limited time period prior to fasting and transfer to freshwater. Typically, this period lasts for about six months, but may vary among producers. Reduced use of marine ingredients in commercial salmon diets during the last decades has affected the content of essential nutrients, such as n-3 long chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, to minimize the risk of losses and implement new breeding achievements faster, breeding companies have shortened the production cycle of broodstock from 4 to 3 years, which may affect the number of fish that are large enough to mature...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between precocious or early puberty and its treatment has received significant research attention, yielding diverse outcomes. This short review aims to comprehensively analyze and summarize research articles to elucidate the potential link between precocious or early pubertal onset (CPP) and crucial health factors. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies published from -January 2000 to March 2023, sourced from databases of Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science...